Ultrasound imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kuti agwire zithunzi za thupi pansi pa khungu. Anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa ntchito yachipatala ya ultrasound ndi njira yowonera mwana wosabadwa ali ndi mimba. Ngakhale kuti chigaza chimapangitsa kuti mafundewa asagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza ubongo mwachindunji, palinso ntchito zambiri za ultrasound mu neurology.
Momwe Ultrasound Imagwirira Ntchito
Pulogalamu yomwe imayikidwa pamutu imatulutsa mkokomo wa phokoso lapamwamba. Izi zimathamangira ku zipangizo za thupi, ndipo chilolezocho chimalandira ndi kafukufuku. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga zithunzi za zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ophunzira ophunzitsidwa akhoza kupeza mitsempha ya magazi ndi mafupa, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira.
Komabe, ultrasound imagwiranso ntchito ina. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Doppler, yomwe nthawi zambiri imamveka molingana ndi kuyendetsa kwa gwero, kumveka kwa phokoso kungakhale ndi nthawi yosiyana yomwe ikugwirizana ndi liwiro la magazi. Pa chifukwa ichi, ultrasound ikhoza kukhala njira yothandiza kutsimikizira kuti magazi akuyenda molingana ndi thupi.
Transcranial Doppler
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kuti awonetse kuthamanga kumene magazi amayenderera kudzera m'mitsempha ya ubongo. Pali mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'magazi, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kwa vasospasm pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa thupi , kuyembekezera kusowa kwa magazi mu ubongo waumphawi , ndi kuyesa chiopsezo cha kukwapulidwa mu matenda a ngodya .
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zojambula, Doppler yachitsulo ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yotheka, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito m'maofesi a madokotala komanso m'mabwalo a chipatala.
Ngakhale kuti chigaza chimatsegula mafunde oyenera ku TCD, pali madera komwe fupa ndi lochepa kwambiri, ndipo mafunde amatha kuwatsogolera. Wodziŵa bwino ntchito angapeze mwazi wokha chifukwa cha miyeso ya velocity, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo osiyanasiyana kuti apeze choyambirira chofuna magazi.
Zonsezi, mayesero alibe zopweteka komanso osadziwika.
Extracranial Ultrasound
Ubongo umalandira magazi ake kuchokera m'mitsempha inayi mu khosi. Mitsempha iwiri ya m'mimba imapangidwira mumaseri a basila omwe amapereka magazi ku ubongo ndi kumbuyo kwa ubongo, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya ubongo imalandira magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ya mkati mwa carotid yomwe imachokera ku mitsempha ya carotid m'khosi. Ngati imodzi mwa mitsemphayi ili yopapatiza kapena yowonongeka mwina, ikhoza kuyambitsa sitiroko ya ischemic .
Pali njira zambiri zowonera mitsempha yamagazi, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso cha angiography, MR angiogram (MRA) ndipo amawerengedwa ndi malemba a angiography. Duplex ultrasound ndi njira ina yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pofufuza magazi kutuluka m'mitsempha iyi.
Ubwino wa ultrasound umaphatikizapo mtengo wotsika komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ultrasound sichitengera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa osiyana, pamene mitundu yambiri ya angiography imafuna kusiyana kuti mupeze chithunzi chabwino kwambiri.
Komabe, pamene ultrasound ikhoza kupereka uthenga wabwino wokhudzana ndi mitsempha ya carotid yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa khosi, ikhoza kupereka zambiri zochepa zokhudza mitsempha ya m'mimba yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa khosi.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa mitsempha ya m'mimba imatuluka m'matope omwe amatha kutsegula mafunde a pulogalamu ya ultrasound.
Carotid ultrasound imadalira kwambiri maluso a wothandizira, ndipo kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira kumasiyana malinga ndi luso la omwe akukhudzidwa. Ngati zotsatira zowonongeka zimapezeka pa ultrasound, ndibwino kuti mutsimikize zotsatirazi ndi njira zina zoganizira musanayambe opaleshoni yambiri kapena njira zina zowonongeka. Izi ndi zoona makamaka popeza carotid ultrasound ikhoza kusokoneza mlingo wopangira narrowing.
Zojambulajambula
Katswiri wina wotchedwa echocardiogram ndi ultrasound of heart.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kuika kafukufuku pa chifuwa, kapena mobwerezabwereza podutsa kafukufuku wolowetsa muyezo wa wodwalayo. Ngakhale zina zowonongeka, izi zimabweretsa chithunzi chabwino cha mtima womwe umakhala kutali ndi khoma la chifuwa, kuphatikizapo aorta ndi atrium.
Zingamveke zachilendo kukambirana chithunzi cha mtima mu nkhani yoperekedwa kwa neurology, koma pamapeto pake kupatulidwa kwa ubongo ndi mtima kumangopangika. Ubongo umadalira mtima wokalandira magazi. Pambuyo pa kupwetekedwa, pulotito imafuna kuti mtima umaganizidwe kuti ufufuze magwero omwe angayambe kufika mu ubongo kuti amangirire mumtsempha ndi kusiya magazi ku gawo la ubongo.
Pomalizira, pali njira zingapo zomwe zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito ultrasound zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo, ngakhale kuti njira imodzi yokha (mawonekedwe a transcranial doppler) amawonekera mwachindunji ku magazi omwe ali mu ubongo. Pamodzi ndi kuunika kwa thupi ndi njira zina, ultrasound ingathandize madokotala kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika pansi pa khungu ndi kumbuyo kwa chigaza.
Zotsatira:
John B Chambers, Mark A de Belder, David Moore. Zojambula zojambulajambula pamasewero okhwima ndi osokonezeka omwe amatha. Mtima. 1997; 78 (Suppl 1): 2-6.
Kuwunika: Transcranial Doppler. Lipoti la American Academy of Neurology, Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Committee. Neurology 40 (4): 680-1. 1990.
Sloan MA, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH, ndi al. Kuwunika: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: lipoti la Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Committee ya American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2004; 62: 1468.