Matenda a hyperglycemia, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi shuga a m'magazi, amatha kupezedwa ndi mayeso a magazi monga shuga la magazi , magazi a hemoglobin A1C, kapena mayeso a fructosamine. Kuonjezera apo, matenda a hyperglycemia angadziwike pogwiritsira ntchito shuga kapena kuyamwa chakumwa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kayendedwe kake ka thupi, mayesero omwe amachititsa kuti mayeso akhale olekerera.
Kuti adziwe matenda a shuga, dokotala ayenera kuyesa mayesero awiri. Dokotala wanu adzafotokoza zotsatira ndi zomwe iwo akutanthauza.
Kuyesedwa / Kuyesedwa Kwapanyumba
Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, kuyang'ana magazi nthawi zambiri kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi shuga ndi kupewa / kutulukira hyperglycemia. Kuyesera shuga lanu la magazi m'mawa musanadye, maola awiri mutatha kudya, ndipo musanayambe kugona angakuthandizeni kumvetsa chomwe chimayambitsa shuga lanu la magazi ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Gulu lanu la zamankhwala lidzakupatsani inu malingaliro a shuga a m'magazi mwachindunji malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zaka, kutalika kwa matenda, chiwerengero cha ntchito, kulemera, ndi mbiri yanu yonse ya thanzi. Nthawi zambiri, hyperglycemia imatanthauzidwa monga:
- Kusala kudya: Magazi a magazi akuwerengera oposa 126 mg / dL kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga ndi oposa 130 mg / dL kwa omwe ali ndi shuga
- Maola awiri mutatha kudya: kupitirira> 180 mg / dL
- Mayendedwe a shuga amagazi: over> 200 mg / dL
Ngati muli ndi shuga wambiri mwazidzidzimwamba, palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha, makamaka ngati mukudziwa chifukwa. Mwinamwake mudadya chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha chakudya chamagulu pa chakudya chamadzulo kapena mukuganiza kuti mukusowetsa insulini. Ndizomveka kutchula wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati muwona ndondomeko ya shuga yapamwamba ya magazi.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga wanu wa magazi ndi wapamwamba kuposa 130 mg / dL mutatha masiku oposa asanu ndi awiri, mutha kusintha ndondomeko yanu ya zakudya, mankhwala, kapena ntchito yanu, ndipo gulu lanu lachipatala lingakuthandizeni kuchita zimenezo.
Dziwani kuti kufufuza shuga m'magazi kungakupangitse zotsatira zolakwika ngati mulibe manja oyera, osambitsidwa kapena ngati mayeso anu atha kapena atha kutentha . Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutayesa shuga lanu la magazi mutadya chidutswa cha chipatso ndikukhala ndi shuga mu manja mwanu, shuga wanu wa magazi ukhoza kukhala wonyenga. Musanawopsyeze, onetsetsani kuti mwagwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino yoyesera shuga. Ngati mukudodometsedwa ndi chiwerengero, yesani kachiwiri kuti mutsimikizire.
Ngati mulibe matenda a shuga koma muli ndi zifukwa zoopsa monga matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kapena mbiri ya banja ya shuga ndipo akukumana ndi zizindikiro monga njala yowonjezereka, njala yowonjezera, ndi kuwonjezereka, konzekerani msonkhano kuti muwonekere kuti muthe onetsetsani ngati shuga lanu la magazi likukwera kapena ayi.
Mapulogalamu ndi Mayesero
Mayeso a Kusakaniza kwa Mwazi wa Magazi
Kuyeza kwa magazi a m'magazi a m'magazi (FPG), omwe amadziwikanso kuti kusala kudya kwa magazi m'thupi (FBG) kapena kusala kudya shuga, kumayambitsa shuga ya magazi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a shuga komanso kulekerera kwa shuga.
Zingathandizenso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kuti azindikire hyperglycemia.
Bungwe la American Diabetes Association limalimbikitsa mayesowa ngati kuyezetsa matenda a shuga kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 45. Ngati zotsatirazo ndi zachilendo, zimabwerezedwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mayeso a FBG amalimbikitsidwanso ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kapena zoopsa zambiri za shuga.
Mayesowa ali ndi njira yosavuta yopezera magazi. Ndipo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amafufuza shuga awo nthawi zonse, mukhoza kuyesa shuga lanu lokha la magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Musanayezetse, muyenera kupewa mwamsanga kudya kapena kumwa kwa maola asanu ndi atatu.
Chifukwa cha kusala msanga, mayeserowa amachitidwa m'mawa.
Kwa anthu omwe alibe shuga, hyperglycemia imasonyezedwa pamene:
- Kuwerenga kwa 100 mg / dL kwa 126 mg / dL kumapangitsa kuti munthu asasamalidwe ndi shuga kapena matenda a shuga, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ali ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga.
- Kuwerenga pamwamba pa 126 mg / dL ndi malo omwe matenda a shuga amapezeka. Kawirikawiri izi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kawiri kapena kufufuzidwa ndi mayeso ena oyeza.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga, hyperglycemia imasonyezedwa pamene:
- Kuwerenga oposa 130 mg / dL omwe amapezeka masiku angapo otsatizana kungathe kusonyeza shuga ya mmawa wamagazi.
Mayendedwe a Hemoglobin A1C
Mayeso a A1C (omwe amadziwikanso kuti HbA1C, hemoglobin A1c, hemoglobin yogawidwa m'magazi kapena hemoglobin glycosylated) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya chisamaliro cha shuga ndipo ingathandizire kudziwa hyperglycemia kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga komanso kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Maseŵera a A1C amasonyeza mlingo wamagazi wa shuga m'kati mwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayo.
Mukhoza kutenga kuwerenga kwa A1C kupyolera mwa kuyang'ana magazi nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, maofesi ambiri a madokotala ali ndi makina oyeza a A1C omwe amawathandiza kuti awulandire zotsatirayo pogwiritsa ntchito dontho laling'ono la magazi lopindula poyendetsa chala chanu ndi lancet. Palibe kusala kudya komwe kumafunika panthawi ya mayeso.
Kwa munthu yemwe alibe shuga, gawo la A1C liri pafupifupi 5 peresenti. A1C malire omwe amasonyeza kuti hyperglycemia kapena prediabetes imakhala pakati pa 5.7-6.4 peresenti.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ADA imalimbikitsa cholinga cha A1C chochepa kapena chofanana ndi 7 peresenti ndipo American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa chiwerengero cha 6.5 peresenti kapena pansi. Komabe, ADA imatsindikanso kuti zolinga za A1C ziyenera kukhala payekha.
Ndikofunika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amvetsetse zomwe zilipo ndi A1C ndi momwe mtengo umasonyezera hyperglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, pamene kuyambitsa shuga kwabwino, kuyeza kwa A1C kumachitika kawiri pa chaka. Komabe, kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia, msinkhu ukhoza kufufuzidwa kawirikawiri, makamaka ngati kusintha kwa mankhwala kwapangidwa.
Mayeso a Fructosamine
Mayeso a fructosamine ndi mayeso ena a magazi, ofanana ndi mayeso a hemoglobin A1C, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magazi awiri kapena atatu. Amayambitsa mapuloteni m'magazi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a anthema kapena a hemoglobin. Mosiyana ndi mayeso a A1C, mayeso a fructosamine sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyesa kuyesera kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga kapena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Mayeso a fructosamine angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula kuika magazi m'magazi pamene mwasintha kusintha kwa mankhwala anu kapena insulini ndipo mukhoza kuthandizira kuwona zotsatira za mankhwala atsopano patatha masabata angapo m'malo modikira miyezi kuti muyesere A1C. .
Potsirizira pake, mayeso a fructosamine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa kusintha kumatha msanga panthawi yoyembekezera. Nthawi yofupika ya mayesero amalola dokotala kuti ayang'anire magazi anu a shuga kwambiri. Zingathandize kuchepetsa matenda a hyperglycemia mobwerezabwereza kuposa kuyesa kwa A1C.
Hyperglycemia imasonyezedwa pamene:
- Kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga, fructosamine ndi: 175 mpaka 280 mmol / L
- Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, fructosamine ndi: 210 mpaka 421 mmol / L
- Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga yosadziteteza, fructosamine ndi: 268 mpaka 870 mmol / L
Mayeso Omwe Amayendera Kulimbana ndi Msuzi
Mayeso ovomerezeka okhudzidwa ndi m'magazi (OGTT) , omwe amatchedwanso kuti mayeso olekerera, amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito shuga kapena kuchotsa magazi. Chiyesocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kudziwa matenda a shuga, matenda opatsirana pogonana (shuga pa nthawi ya mimba), kapena prediabetes (chikhalidwe chodziwika ndi miyezo ya shuga yapamwamba-kuposa-yachibadwa ya magazi yomwe ingabweretse ku shuga ya mtundu wa 2). Mayeso a OGTT satchulidwa poyerekeza ndi matenda a hyperglycemia mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Azimayi onse omwe ali ndi pakati amakhala ndi vuto la shuga pakati pa masabata 24 mpaka 28. Zitha kukhala magalamu 75, OGTT 2-ora kapena magawo awiri, OGTT 50 gramu, lotsatiridwa ndi OGTT 100-gram (poyembekezera zotsatira zoyambirira). OGTT imagwiritsidwanso ntchito masabata anayi mpaka 12 kumapeto kwa amayi omwe akhala ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, pofuna kutsimikizira shuga yotsalira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, dokotala angalimbikitse OGTT ngati akukayikira kuti matenda a shuga ndi pamene wodwala akudya magazi m'thupi mwake.
Poyerekeza ndi mayeso a FBG, mayeso a OGTT ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Malinga ndi bungwe la American Diabetes Association (ADA), mayeso a OGTT ndi mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mtundu wa shuga wa achinyamata omwe ali achinyamata komanso ana.
Mayeso amayamba pambuyo pa ola lachisanu ndi chitatu kapena 12 mofulumira. Kenaka, magazi amayamba kukonza mlingo wa kudya. Pambuyo pa kujambulidwa kwa magazi, mudzafunsidwa kumwa chakumwa cha sugay (glucose-rich) chomwe chimakhala ndi magalamu 75 a ma carbohydrate. Mwazi udzatengedwera panthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti muyese mlingo wa shuga, kawirikawiri ola limodzi ndi maola awiri mutha kumwa.
Mayesowa amasonyeza mmene thupi lanu limagwirira shuga komanso ngati likuchotsa mwazi bwino. Kuyeretsa kwa shuga nthawi zonse kumadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pambuyo pa kusala kudya, mlingo wa magazi umakhala wa 60 mpaka 100 mg / dL (milligrams per deciliter).
Kwa magalamu 75 a shuga, zowononga magazi m'magazi (kwa omwe alibe pakati) ndi awa:
- Patapita ola limodzi: osachepera 200 mg / dL
- Patapita maola awiri: osachepera 140 mg / dL. Pakati pa 140 mpaka 199 mg / dL amasonyeza kusagwirizana kwa shuga (prediabetes). Ngati zotsatira za mayesero zili pambaliyi, wodwalayo ali pangozi yowopsa ya matenda a shuga. Oposa 200 mg / dL amasonyeza shuga.
Kwa magalamu 75 a shuga, zomwe zimakhala ndi magazi m'magazi (kwa omwe ali ndi pakati) ndi:
- Kusala kudya: osakwana 92 mg / dL
- Pakatha ola limodzi: osakwana 180 mg / dL
- Patatha maola awiri: 153 mg / dL
Matenda a shuga a shuga amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi shuga za m'magazi zikwaniritsidwe.
Kusiyanitsa kusiyana
Ngati mutakumana ndi mayesero omwe mwakhala mukutsimikizira kuti mukudwala matenda a hyperglycemia, mudzafunika mayeso ena kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi shuga, matenda a shuga, insulini kukana, kapena kusagwirizana kwa mtundu umodzi wa shuga.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti kuchepetsa matenda a hyperglycemia msanga kungathandize kuti mutha kupewa matenda a shuga. Nthaŵi zambiri, chithandizochi ndicho kusintha kwa moyo monga chakudya chokhala ndi mavitamini, kuwonjezeka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kulemera. Ngati shuga ya magazi imakhala yotsika kwambiri, mungafunikire kuyamba mankhwala opatsirana pakamwa kapena insulini . Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga komanso shuga lanu la magazi ndiye kuti mutha kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwala anu.
Ngati muli ndi pakati ndikulephera kuyesayesa kwanu koyambirira, mufunikira kutenga china. Nthawi zina akazi samadutsa woyamba koma amapita kachiwiri.
Ngati mwakhala mukufufuza nthawi zonse ndipo shuga lanu la magazi likukula, zotsatira zake zingasokonezeke ngati simunasunge. Mafuta, masamu, ngakhale mazira a chifuwa angayambitse shuga wanu wa magazi, choncho onetsetsani kuti mumauza odwala anu ngati simunali kudya mwamsanga.
Ndipo ngati kuyang'ana kwa magazi mu shuga kumasonyeza kuti shuga wanu wamagazi ndipamwamba pa nthawi zina za tsikulo, funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti awone ngati mukufunikira kukonza ndondomeko ya mankhwala.
> Zotsatira:
> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Malamulo a Zamankhwala pa Matenda a Shuga - 2017. Chisamaliro cha Shuga. 2017 Jan; 40 Phunziro 1: S1-S132.
> Ayyappan S, Philips S, Kumar CK, Vaithiyanandane V, Sasikala C. Serum fructosamine chisonyezero chabwino kuposa hemoglobin yochepetsetsa yowonongeka ndi matenda a shuga. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences . 2015; 7 (Suppl 1): S32-S34. do: 10.4103 / 0975-7406.155786.