Zachidule za Poizoni ya Carbon Monoxide

Malangizo Othandizira Kuteteza Wanu ndi Banja Lanu

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide umachitika pamene mupuma mu carbon monoxide (CO), gasi losaoneka bwino, lopanda phokoso lopangidwa ndi kutenthedwa kwa mafuta. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo mutu, chizungulire, kufooka, kusanza, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi chisokonezo. Kuwonetsa koopsa kwa CO kungachititse kukhumudwa kwakukulu kwa mtima, kukhumudwa, kusadziŵa, ngakhale imfa.

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ungapezeke ndi CO-oximeter, chipangizo chosagwira ntchito chomwe chimayesa CO mankhwala m'magazi. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo mpweya wopanikizidwa womwe umaperekedwa kudzera mu maskiki omwe sali ozungulira. Matenda oopsa angafunike chithandizo mu chipinda cha okosijeni cha hyperbaric.

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide umakhala wamba ku US ndipo muli ndi malo obwera mwadzidzidzi pafupifupi 20,000 chipinda chaka chilichonse. Zingathe kupezedwa kwambiri ndi ma alamu omwe amapezeka m'nyumba.

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Zizindikiro

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide udzawonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro mu ziwalo zina za thupi zomwe zimafuna mpweya waukulu, womwe ndi mtima ndi pakatikati wamanjenje (CNS) . Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimaphatikizapo kunyoza, malaise, kutopa, ndi mutu wosasinthasintha koma wopitiriza.

Pamene CO ikupitirizabe kumanga m'magazi, kutaya kwa oxygen m'thupi kumayambitsa chiwonongeko cha zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo:

• Chizungulire
• Kupuma pang'ono ( dyspnea )
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kuthamanga
• Kusambira kwa mtima ( arrhythmia ) kapena msanga wa mtima ( tachycardia )
• Malo osakhazikika
• Kusokonezeka
• Kuchuluka kwa kupuma
• Lembetsani kuchepa kwa mtima
• Delirium
• Kugonjetsa
• Kusadziŵa

Imfa imapezeka nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa kupuma .

Ngakhale munthu atapatsidwa chithandizo cha poizoni wa CO, ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yosatha, kuphatikizapo mavuto, kukumbukira, kukhumudwa kwa mawu, kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya, kuvutika maganizo, ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson .

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Zimayambitsa

Mpweya wa monixoni umalowa mosavuta m'mapapo. Pamene CO imasamutsidwa m'magazi, idzakhala yosakanikirana ndi hemoglobini , mapuloteni omwe ali ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe amayendetsa mpweya mu thupi lonse. Pochita zimenezi, CO imalepheretsa mpweya wokhala ndi maselo ndi maselo omwe amafunikira kuti apulumuke.

Mpweya wa monoxide ndi mankhwala omwe amawotcha. Ambiri amapezeka poizoni amachokera ku mpweya wa mpweya womwe umathamanga msangamsanga (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino).

Mauthenga ambiri a CO ndi awa:

• Zofukiza za nkhuni
• Nyumba ya moto
• Magalimoto amachotsa magetsi
• Gasi kapena propane stoves ndi grills
• Mazira a malasha ndi hibachis
• Zosakanizidwa zopanda mafuta, mafuta a mafuta, kapena mafuta oundana
• Jenereta zamagetsi zamagetsi
• Otsitsa zovala za gasi

Kuthamanga kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumayambitsa vuto la poizoni wa carbon monoxide kwa ana. Mofananamo, kugwiritsira ntchito galimoto yanu m'nyengo yozizira kungapangitse okwera poizoni ngati chitoliro chotsekedwa chimatsekedwa ndi chisanu. Ndipotu, phokoso lirilonse pamtunda wotentha wa galimoto kapena boti lingalole kuti CO ikhale ikusefukira mkati.

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ukhoza kuchitika mwadala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Annal wa American Thoracic Society, anthu 831 odzipha okha mu 2014 anali opangidwa ndi poizoni wa carbon monoxide, mwina kuchokera ku moto wa kutentha kwa galimoto kapena magetsi oyaka moto m'nyumba.

Ndikunena kuti, kudzipha mwa njirayi kwapitirirabe kuyambira mu 1975 pamene lamulo la federal linakhazikitsa kukhazikitsa okonzetsa othandizira mu magalimoto onse.

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Kudziwa

Kupatula ngati carbon monoxide ikuzindikiritsidwa kuti ndi chifukwa cha zizindikiro zanu, zikhoza kusokonezedwa mosavuta mukadzafika ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa. Ndikofunika, chotero, kulangiza dokotala wa ER zazingaliro zanu ngati mukukhulupirira kuti CO ikukhudzidwa.

Matendawa ndi ofanana. Zimaphatikizapo kafukufuku wosatetezeka, wotchedwa CO-oximeter, yomwe ikhoza kuikidwa pa chala, chala, kapena mbali zina za thupi. Oximeter ili ndi ma diode awiri omwe amatulutsa mizere yosiyana ya wavelengths. Kuŵerengeka kwa kuwala komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi minofu kungauze madokotala kuchuluka kwa carboxyhemoglobin (chigawo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi CO yogwirizana ndi hemoglobin) chiri mwazi.

Mulimonse mmene mungakhalire, mungakhale ndi makilogalamu osachepera asanu pa carboxyhemoglobin poyerekeza ndi hemoglobin yaulere. Kupha poizoni kumachitika ngati msinkhu uli pakati pa 10 peresenti ndi 30 peresenti. Imfa ikhoza kuchitika peresenti zoposa 30 peresenti.

Nthawi zonse mapulaneti oximeters si othandiza chifukwa sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa carboxyhemoglobin ndi oxymoglobin (gulu lomwe limapangidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa oxygen ndi hemoglobin).

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Chithandizo

Ngati mukuganiza kuti poizoni wa carbon dioxide ndi poizoni, choyamba ndicho kudzichotsa nokha ndi ena kuchokera ku gwero la CO. Ngakhale zizindikiro zili zochepa, chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kufunidwa.

Kuchiza kungaphatikizepo kayendetsedwe ka oxygen yopanikizika kupyolera mu maski osasamba. Powonjezera mpweya wa okosijeni m'magazi, CO imatha kuchotsedwa kuthupi katatu kuposa msinkhu. Mpweya wabwino umatha kuswa carboxyhemoglobin ndikumasula hemoglobin mmagazi.

Pa milandu yoopsa, chipinda cha hyperbaric chingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chomwe chingapereke okosijeni 100% pamalo okwera kwambiri. Osijeni ya hyperbaric imachotsa CO m'magazi pafupifupi kawiri mofulumira kuposa oxygen yomwe imaperekedwa pazomwe zimachitika m'mlengalenga. Amathandizanso kuti mpweya wa okosijeni uloŵe pang'onopang'ono magazi a hemoglobini ndipo aperekedwe kwa minofu.

Kuwonjezera pa oxygen, mankhwala ena angafunike kuphatikizapo:

• Moyo wamoyo wa mtima wothandizira kuti mukhale ndi matenda owopsa
• Mankhwala osakaniza omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino
• Maselo a sodium bicarbonate osakanikirana kuti azitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi asidi acid (kumangirira kwa magazi chifukwa cha ntchito yamphongo yochotsedwa)
• Valium (diazepam) kapena Dantrium (dantrolene) kuti athetse vutoli
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athetse mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi kusinthasintha zochitika pamtima

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Kupewa

Njira zothandiza kwambiri popewera kunyumba ndi alasi ya carbon monoxide. Iwo amapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti komanso m'masitolo ambiri, omwe amachokera pa mtengo wa $ 20 chifukwa cha pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya $ 80 kuti awononge khungu / utsi wa alamu.

Nyuzipepala ya US Consumer Product Commission (CPSC) imalimbikitsa kuti nyumba iliyonse ili ndi khungu imodzi ya CO komanso makamaka imodzi pamtunda.

Zina mwazinthu zowonjezera zotetezedwa:

• Onetsetsani kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zanu zimayendera bwino.
• Chitani zotentha zanu, madzi otentha, komanso zipangizo zamoto zamoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wothandizira chaka chilichonse.
• Musagwiritse ntchito jenereta yamagetsi m'nyumba, galasi, kapena mamita osakwana pawindo lililonse, khomo, kapena kutuluka.
• Kodi chimbudzi chanu chifufuze ndi kuyeretsa pachaka.
• Tsegulani malo osungira moto asanayatse moto ndi bwino zitatha.
• Musagwiritse ntchito ng'anjo yamoto kuti muchite nyumba yanu.
• Musalole kuti galimoto ipange m'galimoto.
• Dziwani zizindikiro za poizoni wa carbon monoxide.

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Mawu Ochokera

Ngati mfuti yanu ya carbon monoxide imatha, musayerekeze kuti ndi alasi ngakhale kuti mulibe zizindikiro. Chifukwa CO ndi yopanda phindu komanso yopanda phokoso, muyenera kuganiza kuti chiopsezo ndi chenichenicho ndikuchitapo kanthu.

Poyamba, musayang'ane gwero la mpweya. CPSC mmalo mwake imalimbikitsa kuti:

• Nthawi yomweyo yendani panja mumlengalenga.
• Itanani dipatimenti yotentha moto, maulendo apadera, kapena 911.
• Chitani chiwerengero cha mutu kuti muonetsetse kuti aliyense awerengedwe.
• Musalowerenso nyumbayo mpaka anthu omwe akukufunsani mwamsanga akukupatsani chilolezo kuti muchite zimenezo.

> Zotsatira:

> Hampson, N .; Piantodosi, C ;; Thom, S. ndi al. Gwiritsani Ntchito Malangizo pa Kufufuza, Kuyang'anira, ndi Kupewa Kachimake Kazooni Monoxide. Amer J Respirator Amatsutsa Care Med. 2012; 186 (11). DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.201207-1284CI.

> Hampson, NUS Kuchokera ku Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1999-2014. Imfa Yosayembekezereka ndi Imeneyi. Annal Amer Thoracic Soc. 2016; 13 (4): 1768-74. DOI: 10.1513 / AnnalsATS.201604-318OC.

> US Consumer Product Commission Commission. Mapepala a Chokha Monoxide. Bethesda, Maryland.