Kodi ndi chifukwa ninji chomwe chimayambitsa chifuwa chanu?
Chifuwa chosatha kapena chifuwa chachikulu ndi chizindikiro chofala ndi zifukwa zambiri. Zokhumudwitsa zotsatira za kukhwima, monga kusowa tulo, minofu yachisoni, ndi kuyaka mkodzo kungakhudze moyo wanu ndi kusokoneza ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ngati chifuwa chanu chikutha, mukhoza kudabwa ngati zingakhale zovuta kuposa kuzizira kapena kudwala.
Kodi zikutanthauzanji ngati muli ndi chifuwa chomwe sichidzachoka?
Tanthauzo la Chisoni Cholimbikira
Chifuwa chokhazikika chimatchulidwa ngati chifuwa chimene chimapitirira kwa masabata asanu ndi atatu kapena kupitirira. Chifuwa chikhoza kukhala chouma kapena chopindulitsa, mwa kuyankhula kwinakwake, mukhoza kapena ambiri samapseza chifuwa (sputum). Chifuwachi chingathenso kutchulidwa kuti "chosachiritsika," "kutayika," kapena "kugwedeza."
Chifuwa cha "chiwindi", mosiyana, chimatanthauza chifuwa chomwe chimatha masabata osachepera asanu ndi atatu, monga omwe amapezeka ndi chimfine.
Zomwe Zingatheke
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chopitirira. Ngakhale zifukwa zomwe zimawoneka bwino sizinthu zovuta, ndizofunika kukamba za zochepa zomwe zimakhalapo komanso zomwe zimayambitsa, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 50. Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi khansara yamapapo amapezeka kuti ali ndi matendawa, mwalakwika-ndi zina mwazimene zimayambitsa.
Zowonjezera Zowonjezereka za Chigumula Chokhalitsa
Mawu omwe "zinthu zodziwika ndizofala" kawirikawiri ndilo gawo loyamba pamene muwona dokotala wanu chifukwa cha chifuwa chopitirira.
Zifukwa zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa (mwa "munthu") zimaphatikizapo:
- Kutuluka kwa chimfine (feveritis), matenda a sinus, nsonga zamkati, kapena zina zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu. Zonsezi zimatchulidwanso kuti "mlengalenga". Ndi nthawi yokhayokha yotchedwa rhinitis, mukhoza kuona chifuwa, koma chaka chonse chomwe chimayambitsa chifuwa sichingatanthauzire chitsanzo.
- Phumu. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina, monga kupuma ndi kupuma pang'ono, mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mphumu chifuwa ndicho chizindikiro chokhacho ( chifuwa-chosiyana mphumu ).
- Acidx yamadzi. Matenda a reflux (GERD) ndi omwe amachititsa kuti chifuwa chachikulu chisamayende bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri sichikunyalanyazidwa. Kwa anthu ena, zizindikiro monga kupweteketsa mtima sikutheka, ndipo chizindikiro chokhacho chingakhale chifuwa chachikulu. Chifuwa cha GERD kawirikawiri chimakhala chovuta kwambiri usiku atagona pabedi.
- Eosinophilic bronchitis. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sanamvepo za eosinophilic bronchitis, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zinayi zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu kwa akuluakulu. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kufanana ndi mphumu mwa njira zina pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, koma maselowa amakopeka mbali zina zapansi. Matendawa amatha kukhala ovuta monga momwe mapapo amathandizira ma mapapo, koma mkhalidwewo umawoneka ngati steroid yosakanizidwa.
Zowonjezera Zowonjezereka za Kuvutika Kosalekeza kwa Ana Amaka 6 mpaka 14
Zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu kwa mwana wamng'ono sizingatheke pa nkhaniyi, koma zomwe zimayambitsa ana a zaka 6 mpaka 14 mu phunziro la 2017 zinali:
- Mphumu (komanso mu mndandanda wa anthu akuluakulu).
- Mabakiteriya otchedwa baconial bronchitis (lingaliro la bakiteriya bronchitis limakhala lalitali kuposa "miyambo ya masiku 10 ya mankhwala opha tizilombo" posachedwapa.
- Matenda a chifuwa cha m'mlengalenga (omwe ali ndi zifukwa zofanana ndi zomwe zalembedwa pamwamba pa akuluakulu pamwambapa).
Zowonjezera Zina Zochititsa Chidwi Chokhazikika
- Kusuta. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa "chifuwa cha fodya" kuchokera pachifuwa chifukwa cha zinthu zina monga khansara yamapapo.
- Kutenga. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa chifuwa chokhalitsa ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa (pertussis) . Ana amene adatemera katemera angakhale ndi chifuwa chokwanira ndipo chiwerengero cha akuluakulu chikuwonjezeka. Padziko lonse, chifuwa chachikulu chimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo chiwerengero cha ku United States chawonjezeka, makamaka kwa anthu obwera kudziko lina.
- Mankhwala ena, makamaka mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza magazi ndi matenda a mtima. Pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe amachitidwa ndi ACE inhibitors amakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu . Zitsanzo ndi Vasotec (enalapril) ndi Zestril (lisinopril).
- Chifuwa chotenga matenda opatsirana (kutuluka kwa m'mimba kumtunda). Chifuwa nthawi zina chimatha kwa masabata ochuluka pambuyo pa matenda opuma opuma.
- Matenda a bronchitis. Chithokomiro cha bronchitis ndi mtundu wa COPD umene umapezeka kawirikawiri kwa anthu osuta koma ungakhalenso wogwirizana ndi kuwonetsa zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zina.
Zosakwanira Zochepa (Koma Zofunika) Zifukwa za Chifuwa Chokhalitsa
- Matenda a khansa. Kwa awiri okha Peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chopitirira, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chifukwa chachikulu, ndipo zizindikiro za chifuwa chokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chifuwa chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Kumbali inayo ya ndalama, pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu ali ndi chifuwa panthawi yomwe amadziwa.
- Ziphuphu zina zoopsa ndi zopweteka m'mapapo. Chifuwa chachikulu chikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha zotupa zina mu chifuwa monga ma lymphomas. Chifuwa chokhazikika chikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha mitsempha ya m'mapapo kuchokera ku khansa zina monga khansa ya m'mawere, khansa yamtundu, khansara ya chikhodzodzo, ndi khansara ya prostate.
- Matenda opweteka monga emphysema , bronchiectasis , ndi sarcoidosis.
- Matenda a fungal monga coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
- Kulumikiza chinthu chachilendo
- Kulephera kwa mtima
- Sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis ndi matenda osadziwika bwino omwe granulomas amapanga thupi lonse kuphatikizapo mapapo. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa chifuwa chouma.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chokhazikika, koma mfundo yofunikira ndikuzindikira kuti pali zifukwa zingapo ndipo kufufuza mosamala n'kofunika ngati chifuwa chanu sichichoka.
Nthawi yoti Mudandaule
Anthu ambiri amadandaula za chifuwa chachikulu ngati chizindikiro cha khansara yamapapo , ndipo izi ndi chifukwa chabwino. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu ali ndi chifuwa chokhazikika pa nthawi ya matenda, ndipo awiri peresenti ya anthu omwe amapereka kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu amakhala ndi khansara yamapapo.
Pakalipano, nthawi yochepa pakati pa kuyambira kwa zizindikiro (monga chifuwa cholimbikira) ndi matenda a kansa ya m'mapapo ndi pafupifupi miyezi 12, ndipo tikudziwa kuti khansara yamapapo ndi yotchira kwambiri pamayambiriro oyambirira.
Pali njira zina zomwe chifuwa cha khansa ya m'mapapu ikhoza kukhala yosiyana, koma zoona ndizokuti pali zambiri zomwe zimachitika, ndipo simungathe kunena kuchokera pachifuwa nokha ngati wina ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chifuwa cha X-ray chimatha kuphonya kansalu yamapapo . Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi khansara yamapapu akhala ndi chifuwa cha "x" m'kati mwa chaka chomwe chisanafike.
Monga chitsimikizo chomaliza cha khansara yamapapo, kumbukirani kuti osakhala fodya ali ndi khansara yamapapo , komanso khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya tsopano ndiyo 6 yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala Wanu
Ndikofunika kuti dokotala azisankhidwa ngati muli ndi chifuwa chimene chimapitirizabe, ngakhale mutakhulupirira kuti pali chifukwa chofotokozera chifuwa chanu, monga kupitiriza kusuta kapena kudwala. Muyenera kuyitanira dokotala mwamsanga ngati mukumva kupweteka kwa chifuwa, kupuma pang'ono kapena kumutu, kapena mukukakamira magazi.
Mafunso omwe dokotala wanu angafunse ndi awa:
- Kodi mwakhala mukutsokomola mpaka liti?
- Kodi chifuwa chikufalikira?
- Kodi chifuwa chimakhala cholimba kapena chimabwera?
- Kodi ndizoipa kwambiri mutatha kudya kapena kuli koopsa usiku?
- Kodi chifuwa chauma, kapena kodi mwakhala mukutsokomola (mucus)?
- Kodi mwatsanulira magazi ?
- Ndi zizindikiro zina ziti zomwe mwakumana nazo? Mwachitsanzo, malungo, mpweya wochepa , zizindikiro zowononga, kupuma , kapena kutaya kwapafupi ?
- Ndi mavuto ena ati azachipatala omwe muli nawo?
- Kodi wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo? Kodi muli ndi mbiri ya banja ya bronchitis, mphumu, emphysema, kapena kansa ya m'mapapo?
- Kodi inuyo, kapena munayamba mwasuta?
- Kodi mwakhala mukukumana ndi utsi wambiri ?
- Kodi mumamwa mankhwala otani (kuphatikizapo mankhwala owonjezera)?
Kufufuza
Malingana ndi kukula kwa chifuwa chanu, dokotala wanu ayamba kulakalaka kuthetsa zizindikiro zanu kuti mumve bwino. Kenako amalangiza mayesero kuti adziwe chifukwa chake.
Adzayamba kukumbukira mbiri, ndikukufunsani za zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse chifuwa komanso ngati mwangoyamba kumene. Mayeso a magazi angapangidwe kuti ayang'ane umboni uliwonse wa matenda.
Chifuwa cha x-ray nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyamba, koma n'kofunika kuzindikira kuti chifuwa-nthawi zina amatha kusowa chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu. Kansalu ya CT ingapereke chidziwitso choonjezera poyang'ana kuona ngati pali umboni uliwonse wa chotupa kapena matenda. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za sinusitis, kanthani ya CT yanu yanu ingakonzedwe. Mayesero ena omwe angapangidwe ndi awa:
- Kuyezetsa magazi
- Zochita zamapulogalamu zimayesedwa kuti zisawonongeke m'mapapo monga mphumu ndi emphysema
- Kuyeza kwapopugeal pH kuyesa kuti asidi amatsitsimule ngati momwe zingakhalire chifukwa cha chifuwa chosatha
- Bronchoscopy kuti mufufuze matupi achilendo kapena muyang'ane mozungulira mpweya wanu
- Laryngoscopy kuti mufufuze khosi lanu ndi bokosi la mawu
Kuchiza
Chithandizo chidzadalira chomwe chimayambitsa, komanso momwe chifuwa chanu chimasokoneza ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chachikulu, kufunika kokhala kunja sikungatheke kupanikizika mokwanira. Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa, makamaka ngati palibe chomwe chikuwonekera poyesedwa, koma khalani mmenemo. Chifuwa chachikulu si chachilendo.
Pezani yankho lachiwiri ngati simukumva ngati mukukumva, kapena ngati simukupeza mayankho. Zambiri mwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kudziwa-za chifuwa chachikulu zimadwala chithandizo, ndipo chithandizo chikhoza kukhala chogwira ntchito ngati izi zikupezeka kale osati kale.
> Zotsatira:
> Dabrowska, M., Grabczak, E., ndi M. Arcimowicz. Zimayambitsa Matenda Osautsa M'magulu Osati Kusuta. Kupititsa patsogolo Kwambiri pa Zamankhwala ndi Biology. 2015. 873: 25-33.
> Damaraju, D., Steiner, T., Wade, J., Gin, K., ndi M. FitzGerald. Chinthu Chodabwitsa cha Chigumula Chokwanira. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2015. 4 = 373: 561-566A
> Gibson, P., Wang, G., McGarvey, L., Vertigan, A., Altman, K., ndi S. Birring. Kuchiza kwa Chidziwitso Chosayembekezereka Chosavuta: Lipoti la CHEST Guide ndi Lipoti la Panja la Odziwitsa. Chifuwa. 2016. 149 (1): 27-44.
Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L .. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.
> Michaudet, C., ndi J. Malaty. Chikhumbo Chokhalitsa: Kufufuza ndi Kulamulira. American Family Physician . 2017. 96 (9): 575-580.