Kodi emphysema ndi chiyani chomwe chimatanthauza ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu wapatsidwa izi? Ndi zizindikiro ziti, zomwe zimayambitsa (kuphatikizapo kusuta fodya), ndi momwe zimathandizidwira?
Tanthauzo
Emphysema ndi matenda aakulu a mapapu omwe amachititsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa alveoli , timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mpweya m'mapapo pomwe mpweya wochuluka wa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide umachitika.
Ndi emphysema, kuwonongeka kwa alveoli kumapangitsa kuti mdima usagwedezeke, kuwapangitsa kufalikira ndi kutha. Kuwonongeka kwa alveoli, ndi kusokonekera kumapeto kwa kusintha kwa mpweya kumadzetsa kuchepa kwa mpweya mu magazi (hypoxemia) kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'magazi (hypercapnia).
Emphysema ndi mtundu umodzi wa matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) , matenda ammapapo omwe amakhalanso ndi matenda aakulu a bronchiectasis . COPD tsopano ikuonedwa kuti ndiyiyi yomwe imayambitsa imfa ku United States.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za emphysema zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kupuma pang'ono: Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha emphysema ndi kupuma pang'ono . Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimachitika pokhapokha ndi ntchito. Pamene matendawa akupita, mpweya wochepa (dyspnea) umapezedwanso.
- Chiwombankhanga: Chifuwa cholimba chimakhala chofala ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chifuwa cha fodya .
- Kupanga mateti kapena mapulogalamu
- Kupuma. Emphysema, makamaka m'mayambiriro, akhoza kukhala ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi mphumu. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti ndi mphumu kupinga kwapansi ndikutembenuzidwa koma ndi emphysema si.
- Matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri monga bronchitis kapena chibayo
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Cyanosis: Blueness ya zala ndi milomo
- Kusamvana: Anthu ena samawona mpweya wochepa mwachindunji, koma amazindikira kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito monga momwe kale analili, zimakhala zovuta kuyenda patali kapena kukwera ndege zambiri.
- Kuthamanga kwa mitsempha: Kuphatikizika kwa kuchepetsa thupi limodzi ndi zotsatira zina za matendawa kungachititse kuti misala iwonongeke komanso iwonongeke. Minofuyi ikuwonongeka, makamaka minofu yambiri, ikhoza kuchititsa kupuma pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kupuma.
Zimayambitsa
Kusuta ndilo vuto lalikulu la emphysema, lomwe limawoneka kuti limapangitsa 85 peresenti kuti 90 peresenti ya milanduyo. Koma palinso zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingathe kuchita yekha, kapena pokhudzana ndi kusuta, zimayambitsa emphysema. Sitikukayikira kwenikweni zomwe zimayambitsa COPD, koma zifukwa zingapo zowonjezera zakhala zikuzindikiranso monga:
- Kusuta fodya
- Ntchito zapamwamba zimakhala ndi mpweya, fumbi, ndi nthunzi, monga magulu, cadmium, fumbi la malasha, tirigu ndi ufa.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya
- Kulephera kwa Alpha-1-antitrypsin : Matendawa omwe amabadwa nawo angayambitse emphysema yomwe imapezeka kwa odwala omwe ali aang'ono kwambiri. Matendawa ayenera kukayikidwa pamene mamembala angapo a m'banja apanga mpweya wotsekula m'mimba, makamaka omwe sakhala akusuta.
- Phumu: Chifuwa cha mphumu chimatanthawuza matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo pomwe mpweya wotsekemera sungasinthike, koma nthawi zina mphumu ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiza
Emphysema ndi yosasinthika ndipo ikupita patsogolo, kotero zolinga za mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a emphysema zimachepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi kusintha zizindikiro. Mankhwala ena ndi awa:
- Mankhwala : Palibe mankhwala ochizira mankhwala omwe atsimikizira kuti ndi bwino kupititsa patsogolo kuchepa kwa mapapu ntchito ndi emphysema. Mmalo mwake, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi , kuchepetsa kuwonjezereka kwa COPD , ndi kuonjezera chikhalidwe chonse cha thanzi. Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa COPD okhazikika amaphatikizapo bronchodilators , glucocorticoids , ndi maantibayotiki a matenda.
- Thandizo la okosijeni : Izi zingaperekedwe mosalekeza, panthawi yachitetezo, kapena chifukwa cha mpumulo wa mpweya wochepa. Kuchiza kwa nthawi yaitali kwa maola oposa 15 patsiku kumaperekedwa pamene wodwalayo ali ndi magulu otsika okosijeni pa Gawo la IV COPD. Pakati pa COPD, mankhwala okosijeni angapangitse kukhala ndi moyo.
- Kusiya kusuta fodya: Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ndipo zingathandize kuchepetsa matendawa.
- Kukonzekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala : Pali madalitso ochuluka a kukonzanso mapulaneti , omwe ndi mankhwala opatsirana m'mapapo. Ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imayenera kukhala patatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Mankhwala opanga mankhwala angapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu kwa anthu ena omwe amakhala ndi emphysema pochita masewero olimbitsa thupi, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa malo ogona komanso kutalika kwa malo okhala.
- Katemera : Kupitirizabe kukhala ndi majekeseni, makamaka katemera wa chimfine ndi katemera wa chibayo, kumathandiza kupewa matenda omwe angayambitse matendawa .
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse : Emphysema imapanga mzere wovuta. Nthendayi yokha imapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo kupweteka kwa minofu kungachititsenso kuti matendawa apitirire. Zochita zabwino kwambiri za COPD zikuphatikizapo kuphatikiza, kupirira, ndi kuphunzitsa mphamvu.
- Kuchita opaleshoni: Kuchita opaleshoni yochepetsa opaleshoni kuti achotse minofu yowononga ingakhale yopindulitsa kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi emphysema yoopsa, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizapo ma lobes apamwamba. Bullectomy ingakhoze kuchitidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi giant bullae. Kuwongolera kokometsera ndi kulingalira kwina.
Zovuta
Emphysema imadziwika ndi zoopsa za COPD -nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zimakhala zoipira, zomwe zimafuna kuti munthu adziwe kuchipatala. Mavutowa nthawi zambiri amawopsa chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana koma amatha kuchotsedwa ndi zinthu zina monga kuwonetsetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, nkhuni, kapena ngakhale zonunkhira.
Kuwonjezeka kwa Ngozi ya Khansa ya M'mimba
Anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo . Kuyezetsa khansa ya m'magazi kumapezeka kwa anthu a zaka zapakati pa 55 ndi 80 ndipo akusuta kwa zaka zosachepera 30. Izi zati, emphysema ndizoopsa payekha chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo anthu ena angafune kuyang'anitsitsa ngakhale asasute, kapena asuta fodya osapitirira 30 pakiti. N'kofunikanso kudziwa za zizindikiro za khansara yamapapo ngati muli ndi emphysema, monga zizindikiro zina pakati pazikhalidwe ziwiri zikhoza kuwoneka zofanana. Ngati zizindikiro za COPD zikukulirakulira, ngakhale ziri zizindikiro zachilendo kwa inu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuthekera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo. Matenda a khansa amachiritsidwa kwambiri pamene amapezeka m'zaka zoyambirira za matendawa.
Kulimbana ndi Kuthandizidwa
Emphysema ikhoza kukhala matenda okhumudwitsa ponseponse. Sikuti mukuyenera kuthana ndi zizindikiro ndi mankhwala, koma zizindikiro ndi chithandizochi zingakhudze pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya moyo wanu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD amalandira chithandizo chokwanira.
Tsogolo la Matenda
Pakalipano, emphysema imakhalabe matenda osachiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chomwe chili ndi cholinga chochepetseratu kupitirira ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi matendawa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumvetsetsa maselo amtundu ndi abwenzi m'mapapo, maphunziro a labotale apereka chiyembekezo kuti mankhwala opanganso mapapu angakhale njira yobweretsera patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Zolinga zamankhwala, komabe, zalephera kusonyeza phindu lililonse la njirayi kufikira lero.
> Zotsatira:
> Kasper DL. Harrisons Malamulo a Zamankhwala Amkati . New York: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.
> O, D., Kim, Y., ndi Y. O. Matenda Okonza Kubwezeretsanso Matenda Opatsirana Odwala Matenda Opatsirana. Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu . 2017. 80 (1): 1-10.
> Rzadkiewicz M, Bratas O, Espnes G. Kodi Ndi Ziti Zomwe Tiyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kupeza COPD? Kubwereza Kwatsatanetsatane Kufufuzira Odwala 'Kusokonezeka Kwa Maganizo a Maganizo. Magazini Yachilendo Yopanda Kulepheretsa Matenda Opatsirana . 2016. 11: 1195-2304.
> van Agteren J, Carson K, Tiong L, Smith B. Mapulogalamu Operekera Kuchepetsa Kuchulukitsa Kuchulukitsa Kutentha kwa Emphysema. Dongosolo la Cochrane la Zosintha Zogwirizana . 2016 10: CD001001.