Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi matenda opweteka omwe amadziwika ndi kulepheretsa mpweya. kulowa ndi kutuluka m'mapapo. Zimakhudza anthu oposa 600 miliyoni padziko lonse ndipo amafa anthu oposa mamiliyoni anai pachaka.
Dongosolo Loyamba la Kuletsa Matenda a Mitsempha (GOLD) amachititsa COPD kukhala magawo anayi , ndikukhala wochepetsetsa Woyamba I komanso gawo lalikulu kwambiri la IV.
Ngati mwapezeka ndi stage III COPD, zikutanthawuza kuti mapapu anu amagwira ntchito mwakachetechete ndi kupuma pang'ono, kupuma, ndi kutopa kupanga ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zovuta kwambiri. Zizindikiro mwina zakhala zikubweretsa kuchipatala chimodzi kapena zambiri.
Ngakhale pa siteji iyi yapamwamba kwambiri ya COPD, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mupitirize kupuma komanso muteteze (kapena kuchepetseratu) kupitabe patsogolo kwa matendawa.
Tulutsani Cigarettes
Kusiya kusuta ndi chinthu chimodzi chimene muyenera kuchita pa nthawi iliyonse ya matendawa. Sikuti kungosiya kungakupangitseni kukhala omasuka mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo, kungathe kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Kusuta kumawononga mpweya, ma airways, ndi kuyala m'mapapu anu, kuvulaza komwe kungapangitse kuti kukhale kovuta kuwonetsa ndi kutulutsa. Kusuta kungayambitsenso kuyendetsa kwa COPD.
Kusiya kungakhale kovuta, koma pali njira zingapo zimene mungadalire kuti muzitha kupambana bwino:
- Kuika zonse mwakamodzi mmalo mwa kugwedeza pansi kapena kusinthasintha phokoso low-low / low-nicotine ndi njira yeniyeni yowonjezera. Kuponyera pansi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwa pamagulu.
- Pewani osuta kapena malo ena kumene anthu amasuta. Kuwonjezera apo kuti zingakulimbikitseni kusuta, bwanji osayambitsa chifukwa mwa kudziwonetsera nokha ndi utsi wotsatira?
Pezani Mafupa Anu ndi Zizindikiro za Pneumonia
Malingana ndi GOLD, kuponya kwa chiwopsezo chaka chilichonse kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ndi imfa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD pafupifupi 50 peresenti. Katemera wa chibayo umalimbikitsidwanso kuti anthu azaka 65 ndi kupititsa patsogolo chiopsezo cha chibayo chababa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi COPD atha kupweteka m'mapapo ndipo, motero, ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga chimfine. Pamene chibayo chikuyamba, kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kungakhale kosasinthika. Ngati mukukhala ndi Stage III COPD, kupewa matenda a chimfine ndi matenda a chibayo amawoneka kuti ndi ofunikira chifukwa ngati matenda a mapapu akakhalapo, kuwonongeka kulikonse kudzakhala kosatha ndipo kungopititsa patsogolo matenda anu.
Nthawi zonse Pitirizani Kupulumutsira Inhaler Yandikira pafupi
Ngakhale kuti bronchodilators samapangitsa kuchepa kwa COPD, dokotala wanu amalimbikitsa wina kuti azitha kutentha kapena kupuma pang'ono. Mankhwala otchedwa bronchodilators omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule monga Albuterol kapena Proventil (omwe amadziwikanso ngati kupulumutsira inhalers ) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonjezera zofunikira zothandiza kuti zizindikiro zowumitsa zikhale zolimba kapena zoipitsa.
Potsirizira pake, mumayika m'mapapu anu mopanikizika pano, tsopano kuwonongeka kochepa komweko kungawonjezere.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Bronchodilator Yanu Yogwira Ntchito Yakalekale
Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti matendawa ayambe kukuthandizani kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti muphatikize opanga ma bronchodilator ndi njira zosiyana chifukwa njira iyi ingakhale yothandiza, ndi zotsatira zofanana kapena zochepa, kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito bronchodilator imodzi yokha. Agonists otenga nthawi yaitali ndi mtundu umodzi wa bronchodilator okhala ndi mankhwala monga salmeterol kapena formoterol. Kugwiritsa ntchito anticholinergics nthawi yayitali ndi mtundu wina wogwiritsa ntchito Atrovent, Spiriva , kapena Combivent.
Musaiwale Zochita Zanu
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa COPD. Mankhwala amodzi a tsiku ndi tsiku, PDE4 inhibitors amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchulukitsa kwa COPD ndi zotsatira zochepa.
Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kutupa kwa airway kwa anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi mankhwala ochizira. Pochita izi, kuchepa kwapang'ono kumapangidwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kusungidwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa ndime za mlengalenga.
Daliresp (roflumilast) ndiye yekha PDE4 inhibitor amavomerezedwa ku United States. Zotsatira zoyipa za PDE4 zowononga zimakhala ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka, ndi mutu.
Tenga Kukonzekera Kwazitsulo Kwambiri
Kukonzekera kwa maulendo kaŵirikaŵiri kumawonjezeredwa panthawi ya COPD yachiwiri ndipo anapitirizabe pamene matendawa akupita. Zimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zosangalatsa, njira zopuma kupuma , kuyendetsa galimoto , ndi kuthandizira maganizo kuti athandize anthu kuthana ndi vuto lawo. Zolingazi ndizopeŵa kufunika kwa chithandizo cha mpweya womwe umasonyezedwa pulogalamu ya IV COPD.
Kukonza zamaphunziro kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda, kuchepetsa umoyo wa moyo, kuchepetsa kusungulumwa, ndi kukulitsa nthawi yopulumuka. Pulogalamuyi ikugwiritsa ntchito gulu la aamwino, othandizira anthu ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito, akatswiri a zamaphunziro, ndi alangizi.
Lankhulani ndi Dokotala Wanu Zokhudza Glucocorticoids
Chithandizo ndi glucocorticoids (omwe amadziwika kuti steroids) ndizovuta, koma GOLD amawakumbutsa mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana mukafika ku Gawo lachitatu ndipo akuvutika ndi kuchuluka kwafupipafupi.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza COPD pamene zizindikiro zimakula mofulumira. Steroids yosakaniza, mosiyana, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro zolimba kapena pamene zizindikiro zikukulirakulira.
Idyani Chamoyo Chothandizira Kulimbitsa Katundu
Ngakhale zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizingathe kuchiza COPD, zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale bwino ndikupereka mphamvu zambiri pa ntchito zanu zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo kupuma. Mfundo yosavuta kumva ndi yakuti COPD imakhala ndi nkhawa yaikulu m'thupi lanu ndipo imawotcha mafuta onse omwe mumadya. Choncho, anthu omwe ali ndi COPD nthawi zambiri amafunika kuwonjezera zakudya zawo , ndi zakudya zabwino zokhudzana ndi antioxidants ndi phytochemicals.
Kudya moyenerera kungathandizenso chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, komanso kumathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD.
> Chitsime:
> Njira Yoyamba Yopewera Matenda a Mitsempha (GOLD). "Umboni Wothandizira Kupewa ndi Kukonza Thandizo." Cholinga cha Pocket kwa COPD Kusanthula, Kusamalira, ndi Kuteteza: Buku lothandizira akatswiri a zaumoyo. 2017: 9-18.