Ngakhale kupweteka kwa chifuwa kapena chifuwa chothetsa chikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi katemera, kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Mosiyana ndi matenda ena ambiri otetezedwa ndi katemera, chitetezo cha katemera wa pertussis chimatha, ndipo achinyamata ndi achikulire akhala pachiopsezo chotenga chifuwa chokhwima, ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphutsi ngati mwana.
Achinyamata ndi achikulire tsopano angapeze katemera watsopano wa Tdap womwe umalimbitsa chitetezo chawo chotsamira chifuwa, kotero kuti matendawa amatha kuchepa.
Amatsutsa Zizindikiro Zokhumudwitsa
Makolo akamaganizira za chifuwa chokwanira, nthawi zambiri amalingalira za mwana yemwe akusowa chifuwa chomwe chimatsatiridwa ndi mawu akuti 'kunyengerera'. Ngakhale kuti ndilo khalidwe lachilendo limene ana omwe ali ndi chifuwa chowombera, kumbukirani kuti si ana onse omwe angakhale nawo. M'malo mwake, ana ena amangokhalira kutsokomola, ena amatsokomola mpaka amatsuka (post-tussive emesis), ndipo ena amakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu .
Ngakhale kuti chifuwa chimayamba nthawi zambiri, pamakhala masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena makumi asanu ndi awiri (20) kuchokera pamene munthu wina ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu (chifuwa), ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana apamwamba, kuphatikizapo mpweya wotsika, mphuno, ndi chifuwa. Panthawiyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatenga masabata amodzi kapena awiri, kuti munthu athe kugawira ena.
Matendawa amatha kuwonjezereka panthawi yotsatira, yomwe imatenga masabata awiri mpaka 4, ndipo ana amakhala ndi zipsyinjo zoopsa kapena zotupa, zomwe zingatsatidwe ndi chifuwa ndi kusanza. Maselo angayambitsidwe ndi zinthu monga kulira kapena kudya.
Izi zimatuluka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakhala zocheperachepera pa siteji yotsiriza, yomwe imatenga masabata awiri kapena awiri.
Zonsezi, zizindikiro zimatha milungu itatu kapena khumi.
Kuzindikira Kuthyoka Kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti nthawi yoyamba yodwala matendawa imachokera ku zizindikilo, zimayesedwa. Zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha mitsempha yamphongo; Komabe, zingatenge masiku 10 mpaka 14 kuti mupeze zotsatira, patapita nthaŵi mwana wanuyo atha kutenga kachilombo kwa anthu ena ambiri.
Mayeso ofulumira, omwe mwina sangakhale olondola, ndi DFA (yongolerani kuyesayesa kwapopopotopu) ya chinsinsi chamkati. Ngakhale azimayi sangakwanitse kuchita izi mu ofesi yawo, akhoza kuchita ndi labata lapafupi, dipatimenti ya zaumoyo, kapena akhoza kutumizidwa kwina ndi ofesi ya ana anu.
Mayeso ena, polymerase chain reaction test (PCR), ndi mofulumira komanso molondola kuposa mayeso ena koma sangakhalepobe.
Odwala Matenda Opsa
Ngakhale ana amatha kupuma kuchokera ku pertussis popanda mankhwala ophera antibiotics, mankhwala, makamaka ngati ayambitsidwa msanga panthawi ya catarrhal, angawathandize kuti azikhala mofulumira komanso osapatsirana kwambiri kwa ena. Erythromycin kawirikawiri ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti akhudze chifuwa ndipo amachitidwa masiku 14. Njira zina zimaphatikizapo Clarithromycin (Biaxin) masiku 7, azithromycin (Zithromax) masiku asanu, ndi Bactrim masiku 14.
Ngakhale kuti ana ambiri sayenera kukhala ndi mavuto ena omwe atchulidwa kale ndipo angathe kuchiritsidwa kunyumba, ana ang'onoang'ono, makamaka omwe amabadwa msanga, angafunike kupita kuchipatala.
Ana omwe ali ndi pertussis kawirikawiri amachotsedwa kusukulu kapena kusamalira masana mpaka atakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa masiku osachepera asanu.
Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kukhwima Kwambiri
- Chifuwa chotenga chifuwa chimayambitsa mabakiteriya a Bordetella pertussis .
- Katemera omwe amateteza ana ku chifuwa chokhumba ndi monga katemera wa DTaP woperekedwa kwa ana aang'ono ndi Tdap booster omwe amaperekedwa kwa ana achikulire, achinyamata, ndi akuluakulu.
- Mabakiteriya a pertussis amatha kupatsirana ndipo amatha kupitsidwira kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo kupyolera m'mapiritsi, kotero kupewa kupuma mpweyawu (kulangiza achinyamata kuti atseke pakamwa pamene akufufuzika), kuteteza ana makanda ndi ana kuti asiye kutsamwitsa achinyamata komanso akuluakulu, komanso kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri komanso kuthandizira ena kuti asadwale.
- Kwa ana omwe ali pafupipafupi ndi munthu amene ali ndi pertussis, prophylactic kapena prevention prevention ndi erythromycin, azithromycin, kapena clarithromycin angathandize kuwateteza kuti asadwale ndipo makamaka akulimbikitsidwa kwa onse ocheza nawo kuphatikizapo abwenzi awo ndi anzawo pa masana kapena kusukulu. Kupewa ma antibayotiki kumalimbikitsidwa ngakhale mwanayo atakhala ndi katemera wake wonse mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi zaka zingati.
- Ana obadwa kumene ndi ana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi chifuwa chokwanira akhoza kukhala ndi apnea kapena nthawi yomwe amasiya kupuma.
- Kufufuza kwa chifuwa cha chifuwa nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa ndi anthu akuluakulu chifukwa angakhale ndi chifuwa chachikulu m'malo mwa zizindikiro zoopsa.
Zotsatira
> Lebel MH - Wachiweto Wopanda Dis J - 01-Dec-2001; 20 (12): 1149-54. Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo cha clarithromycin motsutsana ndi erythromycin pofuna chithandizo cha pertussis: chiwonetsero, chosadziwika, > chosakhungu > kuyesedwa.
> Gershon: Krugman's Infectious Diseases of the Children, 11th ed.
> Martinez, SM, Kemper, CA, Haiduven, D, et al. Azithromycin prophylaxis pa > chipatala > kutuluka kwa matenda ozunguza bongo. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 781.
> Analimbikitsa Mankhwala Othandizira Othandiza Kuchiza ndi Postposposure Prophylaxis ya Pertussis. 2005 CDC Guide. MMWR. December 9, > 2005 > / 54 (RR14); 1-16.