Hodgkin Lymphoma

Zachidule za Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'gulu la maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa lymphocytes. Thupi lanu limadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocyte kuti ichite ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu chitetezo cha mthupi. Ma lymphocytes ameneŵa ndi maselo omwe amakula m'magulu, ngati tadpoles kukhala achule. Ndipo, popeza khansara ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocyte komanso pamagulu osiyanasiyana a chitukuko, mitundu yambiri ya lymphoma imatha.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) ndi omwe si a Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) ndiwo magulu akuluakulu a lymphoma . HL imatchedwanso matenda a Hodgkin, ndipo maina awiriwa akulongosola nthenda imodzi yokha - palibe matenda ngati a Hodgkin omwe si a lymphoma. Dokotala wina dzina lake Thomas Hodgkin anayamba kutulukira HL m'zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo lymphoma imadziwika ndi dzina lake mpaka lero.

Hodgkin Lymphoma: Khansara ya Lymph Nodes

HL nthawi zambiri imayambira m'mimba yamakono , monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma lymphomas ambiri.

• Kulimbana ndi kupeza chithandizo Pamene Muli ndi Matenda a Hodgkin

• Chiberekero ndi Mimba Pamene Mukukhala ndi Hodgkin Lymphoma

Mmodzi wa ife ali ndi maselo ambirimbiri, omwe ali ang'onoang'ono, ziwalo zooneka ngati nyemba zomwe zimathandiza kuti aziyang'anitsitsa thupi lomwe limatchedwa lymph.

Kodi chimfine n'chiyani? Chabwino, ngati mukuganiza kuti mukuika magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito microscopic strainer, maselo a magazi ndi mapuloteni akuluakulu amakhalabe mumphepete pamene madzi akudutsa. Madzi amenewo ali ofanana ndi amphongo. Maselo a m'mimbayi ndi nkhani yosiyana. Maselo oyera a thupi amatha kupita ku lymphatic system kuti akachite ntchito zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi. Maselo oyera amathamanga m'mimba, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'matumbo.

Zilonda zamakono zimakhala pamtunda wazitsulo zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo otetezedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi, kapena malo owonetsera.

Lymph node iliyonse imatsanulira madzi omwe amalandira kuchokera ku zitsulo zam'mimba zomwe zimawononga gawo lina la thupi.

Nthawi zina anthu amadziwa kuti mitsempha yambiri imakhala pansi pa khungu, kapena kuti zotupa zomwe zimatha chifukwa cha matenda. Nthaŵi zambiri, ma lymph node wathanzi kapena osayankhidwa amadziwika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maselo ena am'mimba amakhala mkati mwa thupi, pafupi ndi mtima, pakati pa mapapo, kapena mkatikati mwa mimba, kukhetsa ndi kupaka mpweya wam'mimba kuchokera ku ziwalo ndi mkati. M'madera amenewa, iwo sangazindikire kwa nthawi, ngakhale atapupa kapena akukhala misa.

Node ikuphulika kuchokera ku Hodgkin lymphoma nthawi zambiri imayamba kumtunda kwa thupi, m'matumbo a m'khosi, pansi, kapena mkati mwa chifuwa.

Kodi Chimachititsa Bwanji Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Asayansi samadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa Hodgkin lymphoma. Pali zina zomwe zimawopsa, koma kukhalapo kwa chiopsezo sikungayambitse kuti HL idzakhazikika, komanso chinthu chowopsa ndicho chifukwa chake HL ikukula.

Zinthu zoterezi zimaphatikizapo kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa mono, kapena mononucleosis, yomwe imatchedwa kachilombo ka Epstein-Bar. Mbiri ya banja ndichinthu chowopsa, koma sichikudziwika bwanji kapena chifukwa chiyani; ndiko kuti, pangakhale magawo ena omwe amachititsa kuti mamembala a m'banja akhale otchuka kwa HL, kapena mwinamwake anthu omwe ali m'banja lomwelo ali ndi matenda omwe ali ana omwe amawaika pangozi kwa HL. Kukhala ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha HL. Matenda oterewa amachokera ku HIV / Edzi, matenda ena osiyanasiyana, kapena mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.

Ndani Amalandira Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Hodgkin lymphoma sichizoloŵera kusiyana ndi NHL, yomwe imakhala yolemera pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya lymphoma. Zitha kuchitika pakati pa ana ndi akulu, ndipo pali magulu a zaka ziwiri:

• Achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi zaka 15 mpaka 40
• Okalamba achikulire opitirira zaka 55

Choncho, ngakhale kuti HL ndi yosawerengeka, ngati zingawoneke ngati anthu omwe ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (20s) amapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo mwina chifukwa cha msinkhu woyamba wa msinkhu.

Kodi ndi zosiyana bwanji ndi Lymphoma Yopanda Hodgkin?

Munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi HL akhoza kukhala ndi mbiri yake. Kawirikawiri, Hodgkin lymphoma ndi kagulu kakang'ono kochepa kwambiri ka mafupa amphona kuposa NHL. HL imapezeka m'maselo a B, kapena B-lymphocytes, monga mitundu yambiri ya NHL. Komabe, mosiyana ndi NHL, HL ili ndi zisanu zokha mwachizolowezi zomwe zimadziwika bwino (zochuluka pansipa); NHL ili ndi zambiri mwa izo.

HL ndi NHL zimasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zimayambira ndi kufalikira kudzera m'magulu osiyanasiyana. HL ndiyotheka kwambiri kuyamba ndi kufalikira mofulumira, mwadongosolo-kuchokera ku lymph node mpaka lymph node. Komwe kawirikawiri ndikumapeto kwa nthendayi, HL imayambitsa magazi ndipo imafala kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri NHL, zimaganiziridwa kuchokera ku kupita koti ma nodes angapo m'magulu osiyanasiyana a thupi angakhale nawo mbali, mpaka atatsimikizidwe mosiyana.

Zizindikiro za Hodgkin Lymphoma

Anthu omwe ali ndi HL akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, koma zochitika zodziwika kwambiri pa matendawa ndi zowonjezereka kapena zowonjezereka.

Mankhwala amtunduwu amatha kukulitsa m'khosi, kumtunda, kapena kubuula, kuchititsa mtanda wopanda ululu , kapena mkati mwa chifuwa.

• Kodi khansa yachiwiri ndi anthu ati ali ndi matenda a Hodgkin?

• Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Hodgkin Lymphoma

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi HL akhoza kulemera, kutentha thupi , kuyabwa, kapena kutaya thukuta usiku, onse omwe amatchedwa zizindikiro B.

Chizindikiro chosaoneka koma chodziwika bwino cha HL ndi ululu wophatikizapo ndi kumwa mowa. Asayansi samadziwa bwino chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, koma zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chofutukula zombo zomwe zili mkati mwa maselo amphongo poyankha mowa.

Kuzindikira kwa Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymph node yowonjezereka yomwe siimachoka sayenera kunyalanyazidwa. Komabe, zomwe zimayambitsa kupatsirana kwa mitsempha yambiri ndi zambiri , ndipo ambiri mwa iwo sakhala ndi khansa. Ngati lymph node yodandaula ili yatsopano, nthawi zambiri nthawi yodikira imakhala yotsimikiza kuti sizituluka chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Mankhwala am'mimba amatha kutupa kuchokera ku matenda komanso zifukwa zina osati ku lymphoma.

Lymph Node Biopsy

Ngati HL akukayikira, maselo a mitsempha akhoza kukhala opangidwa. Nthendayi ndi njira yomwe minofu imatengedwa kuchokera kumaliseche kapena mbali zina za thupi ndikuwatumiza ku labotale kuti ayesedwe ndi kuyesedwa. Malinga ndi malo omwe ali ndi maselo am'mimba, njirayi ikhoza kukhala yosavuta kapena yogwira ntchito pang'ono, koma pazochitika zonsezi zimachitika ngati opaleshoni yaying'ono. Milandu ikhoza kuchitidwa kuchipatala chachipatala kapena kuchipatala chochita opaleshoni.

Mwachidule, mumapatsidwa jekeseni wamagetsi kuti musamve ululu panthawiyi. Khungu pamwamba pa lymph node (s) lokayikitsa limatsegulidwa ndi kamangidwe kakang'ono, ndipo kamodzi kake kamene kamachotsedwa. Mdulidwewo umatsekedwa kutsekedwa. Chiwombankhanga chimatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 45, ndipo mukhoza kubwerera mwamsanga mutangotha ​​njirayi.

Momwemonso, pamene maselo am'mimba kapena malo ena okayikira ali mkati mwa thupi, njira ya biopsy imaphatikizapo zojambula za thupi ndi kujambulira kuti zitsogolere singano kumalo enieni a minofu. Dokotala akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito singano kuti apeze zitsanzo, zomwe zimatengedwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa odwala matenda kuti ayesedwe.

Chovala chabwino cha singano ndi njira yomwe nthawi zina imachitika, makamaka ngati sitepe yoyamba pamene pali vuto kuti nthiti mu khosi ikhoza kukhala ndi khansa ya mutu ndi khosi. Chovala chabwino cha singano, komabe, sichimapereka chitsanzo chabwino ngati chithunzi chokhalitsa cha HL.

Nthaŵi zina malo ena monga mafupa amatha kufotokozedwa, koma nthawi zambiri izi sizinthu zowonongeka koyambirira kwa HL.

Mayesero a Magazi

Mayeso a magazi monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi kapena CBC kumaphatikizapo makina ovomerezeka akugwiritsira ntchito maselo a magazi a mitundu yosiyana kudziwa ngati nambala yanu ikugwera muyeso yachibadwa kapena yachilendo. Zomwe zilipo sizodziwika kwa HL. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zina kuchokera m'magazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera chidziwitso chogwirizana ndi zizindikiro. Kuwonetsetsa matenda ena a tizilombo kumayambanso kuyang'ana kalasi yoyamba.

PET Scans ndi Imaging

Kufufuza kwa PET m'zaka zaposachedwapa kwasanduka kofunikira kwambiri pakuyambitsanso Hodgkin lymphoma. Kufufuza kwa PET kungathandizenso kusiyanitsa pakati pa zotupa zowonongeka ndi madera omwe amatsalira m'thupi pambuyo pa munthu amene ali ndi HL. Malangizo ochokera ku National Comprehensive Cancer Network amalimbikitsa PET / CT kuti ayambe kuyeza ndikuyesa kuyankha mafunso omaliza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi HL .

Mapulogalamu a PET ndi CT scans ndi mitundu iwiri yojambula yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kuti chithunzi chabwino cha anatomy chikhale kudzera mwa CT pamene mphamvu ya PET ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire malo omwe akudwala. Mphindi mu chifuwa, kapena mediastinum, ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri mu HL akale pa PET / CT.

Udindo wa PET ukupitirizabe kusintha, ndipo pali chidwi chachikulu pa kuyesera kwa PET, komwe mungathe kuwona momwe mukuperekera kuchipatala musanamalize. Nthawi zambiri, makhothiwa adakali pa nthawi yabwino yoyezetsa PET ndipo zimakhudza kusintha kwa mankhwala.

Mitundu ya Hodgkin Lymphoma

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu isanu ya HL imene munthu angapezeke nayo. Kalekale Hodgkin lymphoma ndi nthawi yakale yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza gulu la mitundu iwiri yofanana yomwe imaphatikizapo 95 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya HL m'mayiko otukuka. Pa mitundu ikuluikulu isanu, ndiyayi yoyamba yokha ndi ya HL:

Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma (NSHL)

• Mtundu wochuluka wa HL; ndi 60 peresenti mpaka 70 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya HL
• Zowonjezeka kwambiri kwa akazi ndipo makamaka zimakhudza achinyamata
• Zimakhudza kwambiri nthiti mu khosi kapena mmimba, kapena mkati mwa chifuwa

Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma (MCHL)

• Mtundu wina wamba wa HL, womwe umapereka 15 peresenti mpaka 30 peresenti ya matenda
• Zowonjezereka m'mayiko osauka
• Zimakhudza anthu a msinkhu uliwonse
• Zowonjezera kuti zimaphatikizapo mimba kusiyana ndi zofala zowonjezereka za nodular zosiyana siyana, ndipo mosakayikira zimakhala ndi zizindikiro mkati mwa chifuwa
• Wokwiya, koma wochiritsidwa kwambiri

Lymphocyte Depleted Hodgkin Lymphoma (LDHL)

• HL yosawerengeka kwambiri yomwe imapanga pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya milandu
• Kuwoneka mwa anthu achikulire ndipo kawirikawiri amapezeka kuti ali pachikulire chopita patsogolo; komanso ofala kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi HIV

Lymphocyte-rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (LRCHL)

• Zowonongeka mwachidule; amapezeka pafupifupi 5 peresenti mpaka 6 peresenti ya matenda
• Amakhudza anthu makamaka mu 30s kapena 40s
• Ambiri amapezeka m'zaka zoyambirira; Yankho la mankhwala ndilobwino kwambiri
• Kawirikawiri amapezeka m'magulu ochepa chabe; amapezeka kumtundu wapamwamba wa thupi.

Izo zimasiya mtundu umodzi wokha wosakhala wachikale HL :

Lymphocyte Yodabwitsa Kwambiri ya Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL)

• Tsopano akuwoneka ngati mtundu wapadera wa HL umene uli wosiyana ndi mitundu ina pamwambapa
• Malingaliro a 4 peresenti mpaka 5 peresenti ya matenda
• Maselo a microscopically ali ofanana ndi NHL
• Matenda a kliniki omwe ali ofanana ndi mtundu wolemera wa mtundu wa HL, womwe umakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yomwe imakhala pamtambo ndi m'mimba

Kodi ndizochitika zotani?

Kawirikawiri, HL imaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochiritsira ya khansa yamagazi yomwe imachiritsidwa kwambiri ikagwidwa m'mayendedwe ake oyambirira, ndipo ingathe kuchiritsidwa ngakhale m'kupita kwanthawi. Komabe, palinso milandu yomwe imabweranso pambuyo pochiza ndi / kapena zovuta kuchiza.

Ziwerengero za HL mankhwala ochizira ndi maulendo opulumuka sizikhala zovuta kumvetsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito munthu mmodzi; Choncho ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala kuti mumvetse njira zothandizira chithandizo komanso momwe mukufunira.

Kuchiza kwa Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi HL ndipo mukudabwa ndi zomwe mungachite, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu zadongosolo lanu ndi zomwe zikutanthawuza. Chemotherapy kapena ma radiation angakonzedwe, koma chomwe chili choyenera kuti mutha kudalira mtundu wanu wa HL, vuto lanu, msinkhu wanu, thanzi lanu lonse, ndi zina zambiri.

Phunzirani zambiri za mankhwala a Hodgkin lymphoma .

Ngati mukudwala mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mukuwona dokotala wanu ngati mwawona chilichonse chatsopano chokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chanu kapena zomwe zili ndi zotsatirapo, zina zomwe zingatheke kuchipatala. Ngati muli ndi funso lokhudza matenda anu kapena momwe mukuyendetsera, musazengereze kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu kapena kufunafuna lingaliro lachiwiri.

Mawu Ochokera

Muyenera kuganizira zokambirana ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa. Nthawi zina mitsempha yotupa imakhala ndi lymph node yotupa, yomwe ndi yofunika kukumbukira. Koma kunyalanyaza lymph node yopitirirabe kungatanthauzenso kuti mwaphonya mwayi wopezeka msanga ndikuwongolera mwamsanga.

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka kuti muli ndi Hodgkin lymphoma, ndi zachilendo kumva chisokonezo ndikudabwa pang'ono. Kuzindikira za mitundu yonse ya lymphoma ndi mankhwala kungakhale ntchito yovuta. Pamene mukuwerenga, onetsetsani kuti magwero anu akutchula Hodgkin lymphoma makamaka, osati mliri wamatenda ambiri.

Pa, tikufuna kufotokozera zinthu zochokera ku sayansi yabwino, koma nthawi zonse mu Chingerezi chosavuta. Yang'anani kawirikawiri pa gawo lililonse la ulendo wanu wa khansa, ndipo mugwiritse ntchito zina zothandizira odwala monga American Cancer Society ndi Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.

Nthawi zina zingakhale zothandiza kulankhula ndi munthu amene wakhala akudutsa mu Hodgkin lymphoma ndipo zonsezi zimaphatikizapo. Maphunziro otha kupulumuka, misonkhano, komanso mafilimu ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zogwirizanirana ndi ena omwe angagawane zovuta zanu kapena kukhala ndi zofanana ndi zomwe mukuzidziwa.

> Zotsatira:

> American Cancer Society. Kodi ndizifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Hodgkin?

> Hutchings M. Kodi PET / CT imathandiza motani pakusankha mankhwala kwa odwala Hodgkin lymphoma? Hematology Am Soc Hematol Pulogalamu Yophunzitsa . 2012; 2012: 322-7.

> Townsend W, Linch D. Hodgkin's lymphoma kwa akuluakulu. Lancet . 2012; 380 (9844): 836-47.