Zizindikiro, Kuzindikira, Kuchiza, ndi Kugonjetsa
Khansara ya Metastatic m'mapapu imatanthauza kuti khansara ya dera lina la thupi lafalikira m'mapapu.
Chinthu china cha khansa yamtenda m'mapapo ndi khansara yachiwiri m'mapapo, monga khansara yoyamba ndi malo omwe thupi limayambira kapena khansa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansara ya m'mawere imafalikira kumapapo, imatchedwa khansa ya m'mawere ndi masastasi kumapapo, kapena khansa ya m'mawere ndi masitimu a mapapo.
Sitikanatchedwa khansara ya m'mapapo chifukwa ngati mutayang'ana chotupa chamagazi pansi pa microscope, mungaone kuti ndi maselo a khansa, osati maselo a mapapo a khansa.
Monga chofunikira pambali, ngati mukufunafuna kudziwa za khansa yomwe imayambira m'mapapu ndikuyamba kufalikira kumadera ena a thupi, onani kansa ya kansa ya mapapo .
Chidule cha khansa ya metastatic ku mapula
Mwina mungadabwe kumva kuti mapangidwe a mapapo ammimba ndi ofala kwambiri, omwe amapezeka mu 30 mpaka 55 peresenti ya khansa yapamwamba. Ngakhale khansara iliyonse ikhoza kufalikira m'mapapo, ena amakhala ovuta kuposa ena kuti azichita zimenezi. Ndizo, mitundu yowopsa kwambiri ya khansara yomwe imatha kupitirira m'mapapo ndi awa:
- Khansara ya chikhodzodzo
- Khansara ya m'mimba:
- Kansa ya Colon
- Khansara ya impso
- Melanoma
- Khansara ya ovarian
- Khansara yapancreatic
- Khansa ya prostate
- Khansa yoopsa
- Kansa ya m'mimba
- Khansara ya chithokomiro
- Khansa ya chiberekero
Nthaŵi zina, madokotala sangathe kudziwa komwe kansalu yaikulu ya khansa ili.
Pankhaniyi, iwo amanena za khansara ngati khansa yosadziwika ndi chibadwa cha metastasis m'mapapo.
Kodi Khansa Imafalikira Bwanji?
Ngakhale maselo ochibadwa angaganizidwe kuti ndi "okonzeka," popeza ali ndi miyululo yothandizira yomwe imawaika pamodzi palimodzi, maselo a khansa ndi osiyana . Sapanga mamolekyu amodzi, kulola kuti amasule ndi kuyenda momwe akufunira.
Poyenda, maselo a khansa amatha kupita kumapapu, monga khansa yomwe imayambira pamphuno kapena pachifuwa. Koma ma selo ambiri a khansa amayenda mwachindunji, kupyolera mwa njira zitatu zomwe zingatheke :
- Magazi a m'magazi (omwe amatchedwa kutaya magazi): Selo la khansa "limatha" kulowa m'mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi pafupi ndi zotupa ndiyeno kumatengedwa m'mapapo kudzera m'mitsempha ya pulmonary.
- Lymphatic: Tumor cells amatha kulowa m'mitsuko yaing'ono ya lymphatic ndipo amayendayenda pamayendedwe am'mimba (kuphatikizapo ma lymph nodes).
- Kufalikira kwapakati ndi kufalikira kwapansi: Phokosolo limatanthawuza ma membrane oyandikana ndi mapapo. Kufalitsa kotereku kumakhala kokha kumatenda a m'mapapo ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za Lung Metastases
Mavitamini ammimba samayambitsa zizindikiro zirizonse. Ngati izi ndizochitika, metastases ikhoza kupezeka pamayeso, ngati CT, yomwe ikuchitidwa pofuna kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa khansa.
Ngati zizindikiro zilipo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo yapachiyambi , monga:
- Chifuwa chosatha
- Kuwaza magazi (otchedwa hemoptysis) kapena mfuti wamagazi
- Ululu mu chifuwa, paphewa , ndi kumbuyo
- Kupuma pang'ono
- Nsipa ya m'munsi mwa magazi (yotchedwa hypoxemia)
- Kufuula kwachinyengo
Popeza kansa ya metastatic imasonyeza kuti khansara yoyamba yafalikira kupyolera mu thupi, zizindikiro zambiri monga kutopa, kulemera kosawerengeka , ndi kuchepa kwa njala ndizofala.
Kusanthula kwa Mung'ung'u ya Maungulo
Ngati dokotala akudandaula kuti muli ndi masitimu a mapapo, pali mayesero angapo omwe angaganizire. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Chifuwa cha x-ray (chifuwa cha x-ray chikhoza kuphonya mosavuta)
- CT scan of the bofu
- PET kuyesa
- Phokoso lakumtunda (kaya ndi singano ya singano kapena yotsegula m'mapapo)
- Kusanthula kwa phokoso lamadzimadzi ngati phokoso lachisomo likupezeka
- Bronchoscopy
Zotsatira za kufufuza uku kujambula zingapereke umboni wokwanira wa metastase, ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chingafunikire kutsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani.
Kuchiza kwa Metungasoni Lung
Kuchiza kwa matenda a khansa kumapapu kawirikawiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi khansa yoyamba, kapena chiyambi cha khansa.
Mankhwalawa angaphatikizepo mankhwala otchedwa hormonal therapy, opaleshoni ya mankhwala, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, kapena mankhwala ena.
Chemotherapy kawirikawiri imakhala chithandizo chamankhwala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira , omwe amaperekedwa kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Mankhwala opatsirana samakonzedwa kuti athe kuchiza khansara. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthawi zambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa yowononga m'mapapo, mankhwala a chemotherapy akhoza kukhala ochizira.
Nthaŵi zina, mankhwala opaleshoni ya metastase yamapapo (otchedwa metastasectomy) amaonedwa. Kuti izi zikhale zogwira mtima, dokotala wanu adzafuna kuonetsetsa kuti chotupa chanu chachikulu chikuchotsedweratu, ndipo kuti metastases yonse imatha kuchitidwa mwachipatala (opaleshoni). Ngati zili choncho, kupweteka kwa thupi kumathandiza kuti mupulumuke.
Kuphatikiza pa opaleshoni, thupi la stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) , lomwe limatchulidwanso kuti "cyberknife," nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavitamini kumapapo kuchokera ku khansa m'magulu ena.
Kugonjetsa kwa Metungasoni Wam'madzi
Mwamwayi, khansara yomwe yafalikira kumapapo (yotchedwa sitiroko 4 kansa) nthawi zambiri sichiritsika. Izi zikuti, nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo adokotala adzakambirana nanu za mankhwala omwe angakulitse moyo wanu komanso kukupatsani moyo wabwino kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatha kukhala zaka zisanu kapena kupitirira, atatha kupeza khansa, amasiyana kwambiri ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, kupulumuka kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri ngati matenda ngati khansara ya testicular yomwe yafalikira m'mapapu (73 peresenti ya zaka zisanu zapakati pa moyo) komanso otsika kwambiri kwa matenda ngati khansa ya magazi yomwe yafalitsidwa m'mapapu (15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya zaka 5).
Zomwe zili pamwamba apa ndizomwe zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi khansa ndi mapapu a m'mapapu zidzakula posachedwa. Pakadali pano khansa 4 zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala monga immunotherapy , m'njira zosamveka zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Mawu Ochokera
Mwachidule, mapiritsi a mapapo kapena khansa ya mthempha imapezeka pamene khansara yomwe imachokera kumalo ena a thupi, monga bere kapena chikhodzodzo, imafalikira kumapapo. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mapapo a m'mapapo alibe zizindikiro, koma akhoza kukhala ndi chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena hemoptysis.
Pomalizira pake, mavitamini ammapapo amachiritsidwa ngati mbali ya mankhwala opatsirana khansa yapachiyambi, ndipo pamene khansa ya metastatic siimachiritsidwa (pali zachilendo zosiyana), chithandizo chonse chingathe kupititsa moyo ndikuwongolera umoyo wa moyo ndi zizindikiro zoyenera.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. (2016). Zochitika Zopulumutsira Khansa ya Testicular.
> Bartlett EK et al. Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a metastasectomy kudutsa mitundu ya khansa zaka khumi zapitazo. Khansa . 2015 Mar 1; 121 (5): 747-57.
> Miller, K., Siegel, R., Lin, C. ndi al. Chithandizo cha khansa ndi chiwerengero cha kupulumuka, 2016. CA: Khansa Journal for Clinicians . 2016. 66 (4): 271-289.
> National Cancer Institute. (2017). Khansa ya Metastatic.
> Wang, H., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. et al. Kusanthula kwa Matenda a Mitastasis Osiyanasiyana kwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Matenda Osiyana a Khansa ya M'bwere: Phunziro Loyambira BUKU. Oncotarget . 2017. 8 (16): 26368-26379.