Nthawi zina X-ray nthawi zina ndizovuta komanso nthawi zina sizingakhale zovuta
Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri koma zowonjezera zomwe zimachitika pa chifuwa X-ray ndi chinachake chotchedwa mthunzi pa mapapo. Ngakhale titha kuganiza kuti zikutanthawuza kanthu kena kozama, kupeza kumeneku sikutanthauza kuti ndikudziŵa koma ndikuwonekeratu zosavuta zomwe sizikufotokozedwa bwino ndikusowa kufufuza.
Ngakhale kuti njira zina zosiyanitsa zingasonyeze kuti ndi zotani, mayesero ena angayesedwe musanafike pozindikira kuti pali vutoli.
Pamapeto pake, mthunzi pamapapo ukhoza kukhala wovuta kapena wosatanthawuza kanthu. Taganizirani izi kuti ndilo gawo loyambitsira matenda.
Kuwerenga X-ray kapena Kusintha
Zingakhale zothandiza kulingalira za maphunziro a radiology (omwe akuphatikizapo X-ray, CT scan, ndi MRI) ngati zithunzi mu mithunzi yakuda, yoyera, ndi imvi. Malo owopsa kapena olimba monga fupa, mtima, ndi mitsempha yayikulu ya magazi zimawoneka zoyera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zida zodzaza mpweya monga mapapo zidzawoneka zakuda. Zogwedeza zida kapena chirichonse chiri pakati zidzawonekera mumithunzi ya imvi.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera za ma Radiology chifukwa nyumba zimagwirizanitsa, ndipo, ngakhale mutayang'ana zopanda pake, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira. Ngakhale kuti zovuta zina zikhoza kufotokozedwa monga mamimba, nodule, kapena chotupa, nthawi zina mawonekedwe awo sangakhale bwino kwambiri. Momwemo, tikhoza kutchula kuti ndiwonda, malo, kapena mthunzi.
Zomwe Zingatheke Zomwe Zingathetse Mthunzi
Pamene radiologist imatenga mthunzi pamapapo, adokotala ayamba kufufuza zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zomwe zingakhalepo.
Izi zingaphatikize mbiri yakale yachipatala, mbiri ya banja, mayeso a ma laboni, ndi zinthu monga kusuta fodya kapena kupezeka kwa poizoni.
Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa:
- Zogonjetsa ziwalo, monga ziwalo ndi mitsempha ya magazi, zingapangidwe pa chithunzicho monga kupanga mthunzi.
- Nthiti zosweka nthawi zina zimalakwitsa chifukwa cha misala ya X-ray.
- Hiatal hernias (herniation of the stomach in the chest cavity) ingawoneke ngati chinthu chosavomerezeka chosavomerezeka pa chifuwa cha X-ray.
- Chibayo ndi matenda a mpweya wa m'mapapo omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera pa X-ray.
- Pleural effusion ndi maonekedwe a madzi m'kati mwa mapapu ndi khoma.
- Edema yamakono ndi mkhalidwe wokhudzana ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi m'mapapo, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda a mtima.
- Aortic aneurysm (kutambasula kwa mtima wa aorta) kungapangitse mthunzi pa chifuwa X-ray.
- Khansara yammimba ingawoneke ngati mthunzi wopanda ndondomeko yabwino kapena misala.
- Matenda a Benign amatha kuwonekera pa X-ray ngati mthunzi kapena malo.
- Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda a bakiteriya m'mapapo omwe nthawi zambiri alibe zizindikilo pa X-ray m'ma matenda oyambirira.
- Sarcoidosis ndi matenda otupa omwe amachititsa ziwalo zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha granulomas (minofu ya granulated).
- Pneumothorax , yomwe imadziwika bwino ngati mapu akugwa, ingayambitse zovuta za X-ray kudera la kugwa.
Ziphuphu Zimagwera Zambiri Pozindikira Kufikira Kwambiri
Pamene tiganizira za khansara, timakonda kuganizira za misala ndikuyembekeza kuwona pa X-ray. Nthaŵi zambiri, izo sizichitika basi. Ndipotu, pakati pa 12 peresenti ndi 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu adzakhala ndi X-ray yabwinobwino panthawi yomwe akudziŵa.
Kafukufuku wina wa 2006 adawonetsa kuti pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya chifuwa cha X-rays chomwe chinachitidwa pa odwala khansa ya m'mapapo sichinali choipa mkati mwa miyezi 12 mutatha kuwona.
Mfundo yosavuta ndi yakuti X-ray imatha kuphonya khansa yamapapu ndipo, chifukwa chaichi, sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowonetsera.
Mayesero Opangidwa Ngati Khansa Ikulangizidwa
Zikakhala kuti pamakhala mthunzi pa X-ray yanu ndi khansa, dokotala wanu akhoza kulamula mayesero kuti apindule bwino chifukwa chake. Zina mwazochita:
- Tomasi ya computed (CT scan) imagwiritsira ntchito X-ray kupanga zithunzi zambiri za mapapu anu pamene zimayang'ana chifuwa chonsecho.
- Chithunzi cha maginito (MRI) chimagwiritsa ntchito maginito mafunde kuti apange zithunzi. Zimasiyanitsa matenda ofewa bwino kuposa CT ndikuzindikira ngati matendawa afalikira kupyola mapapo ndi khoma.
- Positron emission tomography (PET kanthani) ndi yesero kuganizira zomwe zimasonyeza ntchito zamatsenga maselo. Zomwe zimawopsa, monga maselo a kansa, zimadziwika bwino ndi chida ichi.
- Bronchoscopy ndi njira yomwe imapangidwira m'mapapu kuti ayambe kuwunika.
- Kuwongolera kumayambiriro ndiko kuchotsedwa kwa mndandanda wa minofu kuti muwone. Zitha kuchitika monga gawo la bronchoscopic ndondomeko, mwa kuika singano mu chifuwa, kapena ndi mapulogalamu otseguka.
Ndi mayesero awa, pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika kuzifotokoza. Mayesero monga x-ray, CT, ndi MRI ndi mayesero "a". Iwo angatiuze ife kuti chinthu chachilendo chiripo, koma tiuzeni pang'ono za momwe izi zingakhale zachilendo. PET imafufuza, mosiyana, ndi mayesero "ogwira ntchito". Pamodzi ndi CT samangotiuza ngati zilonda zilipo koma ngati chilondachi chikukula. Izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri ngati munthu ali ndi zipsera m'mapapu ake kuchokera kuchipatala cham'mbuyomu, vuto loyamba la chibayo, kapena matenda omwe anafalikira omwe sankadziwa (monga coccidiomycosis ndi ena). Khansara yatsopano nthawi zina imawoneka ofanana ndi minofu yofiira pamayesero ojambula. Mayesero ogwira ntchito monga PET amawonekera, mosiyana, amasonyeza kuti khansayo ikukula (ikuwunika) koma malo omwe amapezeka minofu sangathe kuwunika.
Ngakhale ali ndi mayesero awiri ovomerezeka komanso omveka bwino, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe kapena zithetsedwe. Kuwonjezera pa kupereka chitsimikizo chodziwika bwino, chiwopsezo chingapereke madokotala zofunika zokhudza zonse zomwe zimawoneka pansi pa microscope ndi ma maselo a misala ngati ndi chotupa.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale mthunzi pa chifuwa cha X-ray ukhoza kukuvutitsani, musayambe kudumpha mfuti ndikuganiza zoipitsitsa. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zowonongeka ndipo, nthawi zina, ndizo zatsalira zomwe zachitika kale zomwe zakhala zatsimikiziridwa kapena zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyumba zomwe zimapezeka mu chifuwa.
Gwiritsani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake, ndipo, ngakhale ngati chinthu chachikulu ngati khansara, kuchigwira mwamsanga-pamene chiri chochiritsidwa kwambiri-chimakhala chophatikizapo. Ndithudi, anthu ambiri amene amamva mawu akuti "mthunzi pa mapapo" amawopa khansa ya m'mapapo. Zomwe anthu ambiri sakudziwa, komabe, ndizokuti mankhwala a kansa ya m'mapapo akukwera ndipo mitengo ya moyo ikukula. Ngakhale ali ndi khansa yapamwamba yamakono tsopano, zina mwa zotupazi zikhoza kusungidwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha chithandizo monga mankhwala okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa matenda.
> Zotsatira:
> Long, B ;; Rollins, J ;; ndi Smith, B. (2016) Merrill ya Atlas ya Radiographic Positioning ndi Procedures, 13th Edition. Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby / Elsevier.
> Pita HI. Malamulo ndi Kachitidwe ka khansa ya m'mimba: The Official Reference Text ya IASLC. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Print.
> Stapley, S .; Kuwala, D ;. ndi Hamilton, W. "Chifuwa choipa cha X-ray m'ma chisamaliro chapadera odwala khansa ya m'mapapo." Brit J Gen Practice. 2006; 58 (529); 570-579.