Kodi Chinsalu Chopangira Chingwe Chakumtunda Chikhoza Kupeza Koyamba Kwambiri?
Anthu ambiri afunsa funso lakuti, "Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuwona chifuwa?" Kapena m'malo mwake, mwina mukudabwa ndi mafunso ena osiyanasiyana, "Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha x-ray koma muli ndi chifuwa chokhazikika , kupuma pang'ono , kapena kupweteka, mungathebe kukhala ndi khansara yamapapo? "
Funso lokhudza udindo wa chifuwa x-ray mu matenda a khansa yamapapo ndi mndandanda wa mafunso angapo omwe ndi ofunikira kuyankha.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe chifuwa chimatiuza, zomwe sitingatiuze (ndi momwe angaperekere khansara yamapapo) ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa ngati mukufunsa mafunso awa.
Kufunika Kwamvetsetsa Ntchito Yachifuwa X-ray pakuzindikira Khansa ya M'mimba
Tikudziwa kuti chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi bwino kuposa kale pomwe munthu akupezeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi theka la anthu amapezeka pamene kansa ya m'mapapo yakhala ikuonedwa kuti ndi " khansara ya m'mapapo yapamwamba " - omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo.
Ngati mukudandaula kuti mungakhale ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo , kapena ngati muli ndi ziopsezo za khansa ya m'mapapo , pitirizani kuwerenga. Kumvetsetsa momwe kansa yamapapu imapezera, zolephera za mayesero ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira, komanso kukhala wovomerezeka wanu akhoza kupulumutsa moyo wanu.
Izi ndi zoona ngakhale mutasuta kwa zaka zambiri kapena simunagwirepo ndudu. Kusuta ndiko kagawidwe ka kansa ya m'mapapo, koma khansara ya m'mapapo yomwe siimasuta konse ndiyiyi yachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States.
Ndipotu, osuta fodya amakhala odwala matendawa ndipo amapezeka m'zigawo zina za matendawa. Kodi aliyense ayenera kudziwa chiyani?
Kodi X-Ray Chifuwa N'kwanira Kuwunikira Kapena Kuthetsa Khansara Yam'mimba?
Yankho la funso loti ngati chifuwa cha x-ray ndikwanira kuti azindikire kapena kusalekerera kansa ya m'mapapo ndi "ayi". Komabe, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake chifuwa cha x-ray chokha sichikwanira komanso njira zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa ngati muli ndi nkhawa.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo, chifuwa cha x-ray sichitha kuthetsa khansara yamapapo. Izi zidzakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane, koma ziganiziridwa kuti chifuwa cha-x-ray chimaperekedwa pa chisamaliro chapadera chofuna khansara yamapapo kuphonya pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Mwamwayi, timamva kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri omwe poyamba anali otsimikiza kuti alibe khansara yamapapu yotsatira zotsatira za chifuwa cha x-ray okha, ndipo pambuyo pake-pambuyo poti matumbowa anapatsidwa nthawi yochuluka kuti asakule- kodi adalandira matenda awo?
Kodi Kawirikawiri Amayi a Chifuwa Amadziwika Bwanji ndi Khansa Yam'mimba?
Chifuwa chachikulu chimapangitsa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo iwonongeke kwambiri. Pali zochepa zodabwitsa zaposachedwapa zomwe zikuyang'ana zenizeni za "zosayembekezereka" za khansa ya m'mapapo, koma kufufuza komwe kwachitidwa ndi kosautsa.
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapo, kuphunzira kwakukulu ku 2006 ku UK kunapeza kuti pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya chifuwa x-rays yachitidwa pa chisamaliro chapadera kwa odwala ali ndi khansara yamapapo anali osagwira ntchito pakatha chaka chimodzi kuti azindikire. Chifuwa choipa x-rays chinachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zonse za khansa ya m'mapapo kupatulapo mantha.
Poyang'ana izi mosiyana, kafukufuku wa 2013 wokhudza mafilimu opangira mafilimu omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asagwiritsidwe ntchito, amapeza kuti pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya milandu imakhudzana ndi matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ngati khansara yamapapu imasowa pachifuwa cha x-ray, izi zingathe kuchepetsa mankhwala. Poipa kwambiri, kulingalira nthawi yowonjezereka ya kansa ya m'mapapo ndi masiku 125 (ndipo ingakhale yofulumira ngati masiku asanu ndi awiri) kuchedwa kwa chidziwitso kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa kupeza khansara kumayambiriro oyambirira pamene opaleshoni ndi yotheka ndipo pang'onopang'ono yasintha. Ndipo osati mapapu oyambirira okha omwe amachititsa kuti asapitirire kuchiritsidwa, kusintha kwakukulu kwa chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo ndi ena mwa omwe ali ndi matenda oyambirira.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kansa ya m'mapapo, kuyesedwa koyambanso, kawirikawiri kumayamba ndi kansa ya CT ndikofunika kuti khansara yamapapu itheke.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Odwala Ma Radiologists Nthaŵi Zina Amayi Amayi Amayi Amphamvu Amapezeka pa Chifuwa Chapafupi?
Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi khansara yamapapo yomwe mumasowa pachifuwa x-ray mumakhala mukufunsa kuti, "Izi zingachitike bwanji?" "Kodi munthu sangayambe bwanji kuona khansa pachifuwa x-ray?" Ndipo nchifukwa ninji ma khansara amawoneka mmbuyo, akuyang'ana kumbuyo ku x-ray, koma sanapezeke poyamba?
Ikhoza kuthandiza kufotokoza pang'ono za zomwe radiologists amawona pa chifuwa x-ray. Chifuwa x-rays amawoneka ngati zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera; madokotala akuyang'ana kwenikweni pamthunzi wa imvi ndi mithunzi. Zinthu zomwe zili ndi kufanana komweko zikhoza kuwoneka chimodzimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, magazi, pus (kuchokera ku matenda), ndi madzi onse angawoneke ofanana. Kuonjezerapo, pali zigawo zambiri zomwe zimagawanika pachifuwa. Mitsempha yoyipa kumbuyo kwa collarbone-chithunzithunzi, mwachitsanzo-chingakhale chovuta kuchiwonetsera.
Njira zina m'mapapu zingathe kufalitsa khansa. Chibayo chikhoza "kubisa" khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo sichipezeka mosavuta ndi khansara yamapapo, ngati kutsekemera kwa mpweya kuchokera ku chotupa kungachititse chibayo. Chifuwa chachikulu (TB) ndi chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, koma si zachilendo kuti khansara yamapapu ipezedwe molakwika ngati TB - imangowoneka ngati ofanana ndi chifuwa chachikulu koma nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana.
Kuonjezera apo, chifuwa x-ray chimatipatsa zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe kake, koma osanena momwe malo amachitira. Chitsanzo chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi "malo" omwe amawonekera pamtima x-ray munthu atakhala ndi mankhwala a khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndikovuta kunena pa x-ray (kapena ngakhale CT) ngati malo amenewo ndi chotupa chatsopano chomwe chawonekera, kapena ngati chiri chowombera chokhacho chokhudzana ndi mankhwala a radiation. Mwamwayi Kuwonjezera kwa kuyang'ana kwa PET kwandithandiza kuzindikira mafunso awa. Kufufuza kwa PET (komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyambira kwa shuga ya radioactive ndi maselo akukula) kungathandize radiologists kuona "mawanga" m'mapapu omwe akukula mofulumira, mosiyana ndi mawanga omwe, ngati minofu yowopsya, sakukula.
Kupeza Khansa pa Chifuwa X Ray: N'chifukwa Chiyani Ndikovuta Kwambiri?
Fanizo losavuta kamodzi kamodzi kamene linaperekedwa m'nyuzipepala mu Radiology lingathandize kufotokoza kuvutika kopeza khansa ya m'mapapo pachifuwa x-ray.
Kodi munayamba mwawerengapo buku la "Waldo Alikuti" kapena mumayang'ana "Fufuzani Zithunzi Zobisika" mu "Highlights"? Mabukuwa, komanso ena omwe akukufunsani kuti mupeze mafano obisika mu fano, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kufotokoza chifukwa chake kupeza khansara pachifuwa x-ray kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri a radiologist ali akatswiri kupeza Waldo pa mafilimu, ziwalo zina zingakhale zofanana ndi mafilimu ovuta kwambiri ojambula zithunzi.
Mwinamwake mwawonapo chinthu china ngati mutagwira ntchito pamasewera ena. Mukapeza chithunzi chobisika, mukhoza kudabwa kuti ndichifukwa chiyani zinali zovuta kuzipeza poyamba. Ngakhale mutagwira ntchito maola ambiri, mumatha kuziwona nthawi yomweyo, ndikukuwombani, mutangokhalira kuthetsa vutoli. Ndondomeko yomweyo imachitika nthawi zambiri ndi chifuwa x-ray. Pomwe malo a "chilakolako chobisika" atchulidwa, lankhulani kudzera muzotsatira zowunikira x kapena mayesero ena monga CT scan, chotupa chimene sichidawoneke pachiyambi chingakhale chowoneka bwino.
Koma mwa njira zina, chifuwa x-rays ndi zovuta kuwerenga kuposa zojambulajambula zowoneka bwino komanso zovuta kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi mapuzzles awa, chifuwa x-rays alibe kiyi pambali kukuuzani kuti chinthucho chiripo kwinakwake pachithunzichi. Ndipotu, powerenga chifuwa, makamaka kuchokera kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro zomveka kapena zoopsa za khansa ya m'mapapo, mwayi ndi wakuti chinthu (chotupa) sichipezeka ndipo sichipezeka pachithunzichi (pa mafilimu). Mwachidule, palibe chinthu chobisika chopezeka.
Kusiyanitsa komaliza pakati pa chinthu pa chithunzi cha "Waldo" ndi chifuwa x-ray ndizojambula zojambula kwambiri zobisika zimasindikizidwa ndi mtundu kusiyana ndi zakuda ndi zoyera ndi zamithunzi za imvi.
Osataya zokambiranazi kuti mukhumudwitse kwambiri, kumbukirani kuti n'zotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika. Mu kafukufuku wina, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu asadziwe khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kulephera kwa katswiri wa zamagetsi kuti ayerekezere mafilimu atsopano ndi mafilimu omwe adatengedwa kale. Monga momwe kukhala ndi mbali zosiyana mafanizo obisika obisika omwe munthu alipo amodzi okha amachititsa kuti mukhale ovuta kuchipeza mu winayo, kukhala ndi filimu yakale yomwe mungayifanizire imachepetsera chiopsezo chosowa chotupa.
Kupeza Kusowa Kwambiri: Kodi Nthawi Zambiri Zojambulajambula Zimakhala Ziti?
Pali zinthu zina zomwe khansara imaphonya mosavuta pachifuwa cha x-ray ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo malingaliro a anatomic, zizindikiro za chotupa, ndi zoopsa
Matendawa, khansa m'madera ena amapapu ali ovuta kuwonetsa ndipo amakhala osowa pachifuwa cha x-ray. Monga tanenera kale, zida zowonjezera monga fupa zingathe "kubisa" khansa yaing'ono. Ndipotu, pa kafukufuku wina, 72 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe inasowa inali pamtunda wam'mwamba ndipo 22 peresentiyo inali yotsekedwa ndi mafupa a collar (clavicles.) Khansa yomwe imapezeka pamapapo (monga lung adenocarcinoma ) kawirikawiri Amasowa kuposa omwe amapezeka pakatikati ndi maulendo akuluakulu (monga khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo yamapapo ndi squamous cell carcinoma m'mapapu .)
Pali ziwerengero zingapo za khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imapanganso mwayi woperewera. Kukula ndi kofunika kwambiri, ndipo zotupa zocheperapo 1.5 centimita zimasowa kwambiri kusiyana ndi khansa zazikulu. Matenda omwe ali ndi "mawonekedwe a galasi" - omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi mapapu adenocarcinomas, amachititsanso chiopsezo kuti sichidzawoneka.
Pomalizira, zifukwa zomwe munthu amakhala nazo chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mapapo zingapangitse mwayi kuti chotupacho chiphonyedwe. Magulu ena a anthu amakonda kuwuluka pansi pa chithunzi cha radar cha dokotala pankhani ya kuthekera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo mwa anthu awa, ndizowonjezereka kuti matendawa sadzasowa. Kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti matendawa amachedwa kuchepa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amayi osiyana ndi amuna, osasuta omwe ali ndi anthu omwe amasuta, komanso pakati pa achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo .
Kukula kwa Matenda, Mitsempha ya Chifuwa, CT Scans, ndi Kakompyuta
Kumvetsetsa kukula kwake kwa zotupa zomwe zingadziwike kumathandiza kumvetsetsa malire a zokopa. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chifuwa cha x-ray chimatha kuchepa khansa ya m'mapapo osakwana 1.5 masentimita. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chifuwa chachikulu cha CT chimakhala chokwanira mpaka 1 millimeter (ngakhale kuti amathabe kuphonya khansa).
Ofufuza ku Norway adasintha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mfuti x-ray ndi CT pofuna kupeza khansa yaing'ono yamapapu. Ambiri adapeza kuti zovuta za kupeza khansa yaying'onoyi inachokera pa 18 peresenti pazomwezi-mazira mpaka 82 peresenti ndi ultra-low-dose CT.
Kodi Zinthu Zopanda Pachimake Zili M'kati mwa Chifuwa cha X-ray Zimatanthauza Chiyani?
Ndikofunika kutenga kamphindi ndikufotokozera zina mwa zosokoneza zomwe mungamve poyankhula za masewero a mapapu. Tsatanetsatane, ndi zowonjezera nkhani zomwe zikufotokoza izi mwatsatanetsatane, ziphatikizapo:
- Mphungu yam'mimba - Mphungu yamapapu imatchedwa malo omwe ndi masentimita atatu kapena osachepera.
- Mphungu - Mphungu imatanthawuza malo opitirira masentimita atatu kapena awiri.
- Mthunzi pamapapo - Mthunzi pa chifuwa cha x-ray ukhoza kutanthauza chirichonse kuchokera ku chotupa kupita ku chizolowezi chokhazikika cha zigawo zomwe zili mu chifuwa.
- Mphuno ya mitsempha - Mawu akuti neoplasm amatembenuzidwa kuti "kukula kwatsopano" ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza mtundu uliwonse wa kukula kuphatikizapo omwe ali abwino.
- Vuto lopweteka - Mawu akuti mapapo a zilonda amatanthauza kusalongosoka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zolasa zonse zoipa komanso zoipa koma zikhoza kutanthauza chilichonse.
- Mankhwala a Benign - Matenda oopsa akhoza kukula kwambiri ndipo akhoza kubwereranso, koma osabalalika ku mbali zina za thupi. Ziphuphu zoopsa (khansa) ndizo zomwe zingawonongeke. (Phunzirani zambiri za kusiyana pakati pa zotupa zowonongeka ndi zopweteka .
Kodi Mipira Yachifuwa Ingagwiritsidwe Ntchito Kuti Iwonetsere Khansara Yam'mimba?
Monga momwe chifuwa x-rays sichikwanira kuthetsa khansa ya m'mapapo kwa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro, si njira yabwino yowonera khansa ya m'mapapo. Popeza madokotala ena amapitirizabe kupatsa chifuwa cha anthu omwe asuta fodya, ndikofunika kumvetsa chifukwa chake izi ndizofunika kuti mudziwe kuti mutha kukhala wothandizira anu pa chithandizo chamankhwala.
Nthawi zina chifuwa cha khansa chimakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu omwe alibe zizindikiro. Ndipotu, ngati mumalankhula ndi opulumuka khansa ya m'mapapu, kafukufuku wamba ndikuti iwo anali ndi chifuwa cha x-ray chomwe chinachitidwa chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi khansa. Zonse ziri bwino ngati izi ziri choncho, koma simungadalire pachifuwa chachikulu kuti mupeze khansa.
M'mbuyomu, madokotala nthawi zina ankalamula kuti zifufuzidwe za mfuti za mfuti zisawonongeke kwa anthu omwe anali ndi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapo (ndipo izi zikuchitikabe m'malo ena lero). Kuphunzira kwakukulu kwa anthu pafupifupi 150,000 omwe anachita mu 2011 omwe ali pangozi ya khansa yamapapu analandira chifuwa chaka chilichonse kwa zaka zinayi, adapeza kuti chifuwa chofufuzira sizimachepetsa chiwindi cha imfa kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo. Zoonadi, ena amapezeka khansa, koma nthawi yomwe khansayi imawoneka pa chifuwa cha x ray inali yaikulu kotero kuti moyo wawo unali wofananamo ngati anthuwa anali kuyembekezera mpaka atakhala ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ichi si chifukwa chodandaulira. Mosiyana ndi chifuwa x-rays, kuyerekezera kwenikweni kwa dozi ya CT kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo (onani m'munsimu).
Kodi Ndingayang'ane Bwanji Kuti Ndikhoza Kudwala Khansa Yam'mimba?
Kuwonetsetsa khansa ya m'magazi tsopano ilipo kwa iwo omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Onani kuti kuwonetsetsa kumatanthawuza kupezeka kwa khansa kwa munthu amene alibe zizindikiro. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, maphunziro owonjezereka adzafunika. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti aliyense ali wosiyana. Anthu ena omwe sagwirizana ndi zifukwazi angafunike kufufuzidwa ndipo anthu ena omwe ali ndi zifukwazo sangakonde kufufuzidwa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo awa zimamveka kuti kuyang'ana kungathe kuchepetsa imfa (chiwerengero cha imfa) kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 20 peresenti ku United States.
Zomwe zimayendera khansa ya mapapo a khansa ndizo:
- Kukhala pakati pa zaka 55 ndi 80
- Atasuta zaka zosachepera 30 phukusi
- Amene amapitiriza kusuta kapena kusiya kusuta fodya m'zaka 15 zapitazo
- Anthu omwe angathenso kulandira chithandizo ngati khansa yadziwika
Kodi Mungadzipange Bwanji Kuti Mupewe Matenda Osokoneza Bongo Kapena Kutha Kuzindikira Kansalu Yam'mimba?
Zingakhale zochititsa mantha kumva za chiwerewere cha khansa yamapapo yaphonya pa chifuwa x-rays, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti mukusowa kukhumudwa. Monga tanenera kale, kuyezetsa TB kungachepetse chiopsezo cha imfa kuchokera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa omwe ali ndi zifukwa zoopsa. Komabe ngakhale kwa iwo omwe alibe zifukwazi, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite:
- Ngati muli ndi x-ray pachifuwa, onetsetsani kuti dokotala akudziŵa-ndipo alipo poyerekeza-iliyonse yamaphunziro omwe mwakhala nawo pachifuwa. Monga taonera pamwamba, kusalabadira kufanizitsa kachifuwa katsopano x-ray kwa chakale ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda osadziwika.
- Onetsetsani kuti zizindikiro zanu zonse ndi zoopsa zanu zalembedwa pa fomu yokha imene radiologist idzawona. Izi zimapereka kwa radiologist mitu kuti "chithunzi chobisika" pa "fufuzani chithunzi" chikhoza kukhalapo.
- Musasiye "ngati mukupitirizabe kukhala ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo monga kupuma pang'ono kapena chifuwa chopitirira. Mosasamala kanthu za matendawa, zizindikiro zanu ziyenera kufotokozedwa. Kuyesedwa kwina kudzafunika. Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale magetsi a CT angathe kuphonya khansa yamapapu, ndipo kuyesa kupitirira ngakhale scan scan kungakhale kofunikira. Ngati simukupeza mayankho, ganizirani kupeza yankho lachiwiri. Nthawi zina maganizo awiri (kapena kuposa) amaposa umodzi.
- Onani ngati pali chilichonse chomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kutenga chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Onetsetsani malangizo awa opambana khumi a kansalu yamapapo .
Pansi
Chifuwa x-rays chingakhale chothandiza pakupeza khansara yamapapu koma sizingathetse kupezeka kwa khansa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chifuwa chachikulu cha x-ray chikhoza kutitsimikizira zabodza kuti chirichonse chili bwino. Chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kuphonya khansa yaing'onoting'ono yowonongeka. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosadziwika kapena zoopsa za khansa yamapapo, onetsetsani kuti mukuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
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