Kodi Khansa Yam'mimba Imasiyana Bwanji ndi Akazi?
Khansara ya m'mimba mwa amayi imasiyana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngakhale pali kusiyana kosiyana pa maonekedwe athu, timakonda kupusitsa amuna ndi akazi tikamayankhula za khansa ya m'mapapo. Izi ndizosautsa, chifukwa zowononga, kuyankhidwa kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kupulumuka, komanso zizindikiro zambiri zimasiyana. Kodi ndi zina zotani za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amayi?
Ziwerengero
Khansara ya m'magazi ndi imene imayambitsa matenda a khansa kwa amayi , kupha amayi ambiri chaka chilichonse kuposa khansa ya m'mawere , kansa ya uterine , ndi khansa ya ovary pamodzi. Pamene kusuta ndi chifukwa chimodzi, amayi 20 pa 100 aliwonse amene amakhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo sanagwirepo ndudu. Kuwonjezera apo, khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuchitika kwa omwe kale anali osuta, omwe adayambitsa chizolowezi, kusiyana ndi akazi omwe akusuta.
Mukaona ngati "matenda a munthu," khansa ya m'mapapo siisankhanza. Mu 2017 akuti anthu 116,990 ndi amayi 105,510 adzapezeka ndi matendawa.
Ngakhale kuti matenda a khansa yamapapu akhala akuchepa kwa amuna, akukhalabe olimba kwa akazi. Izi ndizo, kupatulapo gulu limodzi. Khansa ya m'mimba ikukula m'mayi, osasuta.
Khansara ya m'mimba mwa amayi imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri kwa akazi kuposa amuna, ndipo pafupifupi hafu ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa achinyamata imapezeka mwa amayi.
Zimayambitsa
Ngakhale kusuta fodya ndi nambala imodzi ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amayi, chiwerengero chapamwamba cha amayi omwe amayamba khansa ya m'mapapo ndi moyo wosakhala wosuta . Zina mwa zifukwazi zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa radon m'nyumba zathu, kusuta fodya , zowonjezera zachilengedwe ndi ntchito , kapena chilengedwe .
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti matenda opatsirana ndi papillomavirus (HPV) amathandizanso.
Kusuta Fodya
Kafukufuku wina, koma osati onse, amasonyeza kuti amayi akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa ndudu, ndipo amayi amakhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo patapita zaka zingapo akusuta.
Mitundu mwa Amayi vs. Amuna
Amuna amatha kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi , mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mapira, adenocarcinoma ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imapezeka mwa amayi.
BAC (Bronchioalveolar carcinoma) , vuto limene lawerengedwanso ngati mtundu wa mapapu adenocarcinoma, ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yosazolowereka imene imafala kwambiri kwa amayi. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, chiŵerengero cha BAC (chomwe tsopano chikutchedwa lung lung adenocarcinoma) chikuwoneka chikuwonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pakati pa akazi achichepere, osasuta.
Zizindikiro
Timamva za zizindikiro za matenda a mtima omwe ali osiyana ndi akazi ochokera mwa amuna. Zomwezo zingagwirizane ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Khansara ya m'magazi ya squamous (mtundu wa khansa yamapapu yofala kwambiri kuposa amuna) imakula pafupi ndi ma airways ndipo kawirikawiri imapereka ndi "zizindikiro zapamwamba" za khansa ya m'mapapo, monga chifuwa chopitirira ndi kukhetsa magazi . Adenocarcinomas (mtundu wa khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imakhala yowonongeka kwambiri kwa akazi), nthawi zambiri imakula m'madera akutali a mapapo.
Matendawa amatha kukula kapena kufalikira asanayambe zizindikiro. Zisonyezero za kutopa, kutuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mpweya wochepa , kapena chifuwa ndi kupweteka kumbuyo kwa kufalikira kwa khansara ya mapapo ku fupa, kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba kuti chinachake chalakwika.
Udindo wa Estrogen
N'kutheka kuti estrogen imathandizira kuti chitukuko cha khansa chakumapiri chikhale chitukuko komanso kafukufuku akuchitika kuti afotokoze izi. Azimayi amene ali ndi mazira awo amachotsedwa opaleshoni asanafike kusamba, akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti mankhwala ndi estrogen ndi progesterone (hormone replacement therapy) pambuyo pa kutha kwa thupi kungapangitse ngozi yofa ndi khansara yamapapo.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a estrogen okha kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kufa kwa matendawa.
Mosiyana ndi izi, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubereka komanso mankhwala othandizira kupatsirana (kupatula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni pambuyo pa kusintha kwa nthawi yopuma) amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kufa kuchokera, ndi kukula kwa khansa ya m'mapapo, kumasonyeza kuti estrogen imasewera gawo limodzi pa khansara yamapapo.
Kuchiza
Mankhwala omwe inu ndi dokotala wanu mumasankha adzaphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira. Kuti mumvetse momwe izi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zingathandize kufotokoza cholinga cha mankhwalawa.
- Zochizira zapanyumba - Zochiritsira zapakhomo zimapangidwira kuchotsa maselo a khansa pamtundu wawo - pompano - kuphatikizapo opaleshoni komanso mankhwala opatsirana.
- Mankhwala othandiza - Mankhwala ochiritsira amapangidwa kuti athetsere maselo a khansa kulikonse mu thupi lanu, osati mapapu anu okha. Izi ndizofunika ngati khansara yanu yafalikira kupyola mapapu anu, ngati pali mwayi kuti maselo angapo apita kupyola mapapo anu. Mankhwala othandizawa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwala ochiritsira, ndi immunotherapy.
Kuchita opaleshoni - Kuchita opaleshoni ya mapapo a m'mimba (stage I kupita ku stage IIIA) kumapereka chithandizo cha mankhwala. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo yomwe ingasankhidwe malinga ndi kukula kwa chifuwa chanu ndi malo ake. Azimayi omwe ali ndi opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mapapo amawoneka bwino kuposa amuna omwe ali ndi njirazi. Phunziro limodzi, kupulumuka kwapakati pa opaleshoni ya kansa ya m'mapapo kanali nthawi yayitali kwa akazi ngati amuna.
Mankhwala othandizira ma ARV - Njira zothandizira mazira zimatha kuchitika pa zifukwa zingapo. Poyamba mapapo a khansa omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zina, njira yotchedwa stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) ingapereke mpata wochiritsidwa. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amachitidwa (chithandizo chamankhwala chotsitsimutsa kunja) pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kuyeretsa maselo otsala a khansa. Zingathenso kuchitidwa opaleshoni pamodzi ndi chemotherapy pofuna kuyesa kuchepa kwa kukula komwe kungachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni. Thandizo la ma ARV lingathandizenso ngati mankhwala opatsirana - mankhwala opangidwa kuti asachiritse khansara, koma kupititsa patsogolo moyo kapena kusintha zizindikiro za matenda. Zaka zaposachedwapa, SBRT yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi masewera ochepa okha ku ubongo wochokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo 4. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi sizitanthauza, kuchotsedwa kwa "oligometastase" mwanjira imeneyi kwachititsa kuti anthu ena apulumuke kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chemotherapy - Azimayi amamvetsera mwachidwi mankhwala enaake a khansa yamapapo kuposa amuna.
Kachilombo kafukufuku - Aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda makapu ayenera kuyesedwa ndi ma gene ( kuyang'ana mapulogalamu) kuti ayang'ane kusintha kosinthika. Pa nthawiyi, mankhwala amapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa EGFR , ALK rearrangements , ndi rearrangements za ROS1 , ndi mankhwala ena omwe akufufuzidwa m'mayesero. Imodzi mwa njira zatsopano zothandizira. Tarceva (erlotinib) amawoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa amayi.
Immunotherapy - Immunotherapy ndi njira yatsopano yothandizira khansa , ndi mankhwala 2 omwe akuvomerezedwa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kuyambira mu 2015.
Mayesero a zachipatala - National Cancer Institute ikulangiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ayese kutenga nawo mbali m'mayesero a zachipatala , mayeserowa samangothandiza kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'mapapo koma nthawi zina amapatsa anthu moyo wowonjezera mankhwala omwe sapezeka.
Chiwerengero cha Survival
Kupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amayi ndi apamwamba kusiyana ndi amuna pa magawo onse a matendawa. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti zaka zisanu ndi zisanu (18 peresenti ya amuna), koma nambala iyi idzawonjezeka posachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi chiyembekezochi, panali mankhwala atsopano omwe amavomerezedwa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa 2011 ndi 2017, kuposa zaka makumi anai zapitazo 2011. Zingakuthandizeni kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi moyo chimawerengedwa kuti anthu adayankha kuchipatala chamapapo m'mbuyomo.
Thandizo
Mwatsoka, mpaka posachedwapa panali thandizo lochepa lomwe likupezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kuposa momwe zinalili ndi khansa zina. Iyi ndi njira imodzi yomwe kulimbana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kungakhale kovuta kuposa kuthana ndi khansa ya m'mawere (ndithudi, kulimbana ndi khansa iliyonse ndi yovuta ndipo sindinathe kulemba izi popanda kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndekha). mwa chiwerengerocho chimapangidwira mozama, ndipo pali gulu la khansa ya m'mapapo yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Onani nkhaniyi yopezera magulu othandizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi midzi yothandizira . Ngati muli pa TV, hashtag #LCSM ingakuthandizeni kupeza ena akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo. Tsiku lina Lachinayi pa twitter pali "tweetchat" pamutu wa khansa yamapapu. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zilipo kale, mauthengawa amapereka mwayi kwa odwala khansa ya m'mapapo, osamalira awo, ochirikiza, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi madokotala, kuti onse aziyankhulana pa msinkhu. Phunzirani zambiri za khansa ya m'mapapo yothandizira (#LCSM).
Kukhala Woimira Wanu Wanu
Ngati tikanati titchule chinthu chimodzi chomwe munthu angachite kuti apulumuke ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, kungakhale kudziteteza nokha. Ngati mutakhala nawo m'dera la khansa yamapapo, mudzakumana ndi amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi moyo kokha chifukwa chakuti adayamba nawo ndikuphunzira za mankhwala atsopano. Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi akusintha mofulumira, ndipo madokotala ndi anthu okha. Ndikovuta kuti mukhale osamalitsa maphunziro atsopano ndi mayesero a chipatala. Onani zotsatilazi za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kanema wanu pa Intaneti , komanso momwe mungakhalire wodziimira nokha pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa . Mwamwayi, simukuyenera kuchita izi zokha. Kuwonjezera pa gulu la khansa yamapapo, mabungwe ambiri a khansa yamapapo agwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange kansa ya mapiritsi a khansa yamapapo . Ndi ntchitoyi yaulere, woyendetsa galimoto angakambirane za matenda anu omwe akuyendera ndikuwunika mayesero a zachipatala akuchitika paliponse padziko lapansi zomwe mungakhale nazo.
Kusamalira Wokondedwa
Ngati ndi wokondedwa wanu yemwe watengedwa ndi khansara yamapapo mungakhale mukudandaula ndipo simungathe kuthandizidwa. Kodi mungathandize bwanji wokondedwa wanu ndi khansara? Tengani kamphindi kuti mulowe mu nsapato zake. Pano pali nkhani yomwe imalongosola "momwe zimakhalira kukhala ndi khansa" ndipo imagawana ndemanga za omwe apulumuka a khansa yamapapo amafuna achibale awo adziwe. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndicho kumvetsera ndi kukhalapo. Chimodzi mwa mantha aakulu omwe ali ndi khansa ndikuti adzakhala okha.
Kuzindikira ndi Ngongole
Ngakhale kuti amayi ena ambiri amafa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ndalama zambiri zimaperekedwa kufukufuku wa khansa ya m'mawere kusiyana ndi kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'mapapo. Anthu ambiri akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti athetse tsankho la khansa yamapapo, ndipo pochita zimenezo, ndikuyembekeza, kuonjezera ndalama zapadera ndi zapadera pa matendawa.
Kuchepetsa Ngozi
Mwamwayi, ngakhale khansara yamapapo ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa kwa amayi, palinso zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.
- Ngati mumasuta, musiye
- Pewani kusuta fodya
- Yesani nyumba yanu ya radon
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi .
- Onetsetsani izi zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo , ndipo ngati mutakhala ndi khansara yamapapo, tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe za zakudya za khansa yamapapu .
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
> Chlebowski, R. et al. Estrogen kuphatikizapo khansara ya progestin ndi yamapapu m'mabanja omwe amachititsa kuti amayi ayambe kuyesedwa. Lancet . 2009. Sep 18. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> Claque, J., Reynolds, P., Henders, K. et al. Manopausal Hormone Therapy ndi Death Lung-Specific Mortality Kuchokera Kuzindikira: California Teachers Study. PLoS One . Yalembedwa July 31, 2014.
> Kazmi, N. et al. Udindo wa estrogen, progesterone ndi aromatase mu khansara ya anthu omwe si yaing'ono-m'mapapo. Matenda a Khansa Yam'mimba . 2012. 1 (4): 259-272.
> Meinhold, C. et al. Zotsatira zoberekera ndi mahomoni komanso chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ya maselo. International Journal ya Cancer . 2011. 128 (6): 1404-13.
> Pesatori, A. et al. Kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi chiopsezo cha khansara yamapapo: kufufuza kwadothi kuchokera ku International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). British Journal ya Cancer . 2013 Sep 3. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> Yao, Y. et al. Mankhwala othandizira odwala omwe amachititsa kuti atenge mankhwalawa angathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo: meta-analytical. PLoS One . 2013. 14 (8): e71236.