Kodi Matenda a HPV angayambitse ngozi yanu ya khansa ya m'mimba?
Mu kafukufuku wa maphunziro makumi asanu ndi atatu (53) wofalitsidwa m'nyuzipepala ya Lung Cancer , olembawo ananena kuti HPV ikhoza kukhala yotsatira yachiwiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo pambuyo pa kusuta fodya, ndipo kufufuza kwina pa nkhaniyi kunali kofunika kwambiri. Kodi taphunzira chiyani kuchokera nthawi imeneyo? Kodi pali kugwirizana kwa mtundu wina pakati pa khansara ya HPV ndi mapapo?
Kodi HPV (Human Papillomavirus) N'chiyani?
HPV (papillomavirus yaumunthu) ndi mndandanda wa mavairasi oposa 200 omwe angathe kuwalitsa anthu.
Mwa izi, pafupifupi 30 amatha kuchititsa khansa, ndipo ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti "khansa" ayambe kukhala HPV 16 ndi HPV 18.
HPV nthawi zambiri imafalikira kudzera pakhungu ndi khungu, nthawi zambiri kugonana. Matenda ambiri ndi HPV amadziwonekera mwachisawawa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri popanda kuwonjezera mavuto ena, koma nthawi zina. Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a "HPC-causing" a HPV sikukutanthauza kuti munthu adzakhala ndi khansa. Ndipotu matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi HPV samakhala khansa.
HPV imadziwika kuti imayambitsa maselo a epithelial ndipo imayesa kusokoneza njira zowonongeka zamaselo zomwe zimayendetsa kukula kwa selo. Ngakhale izi zikachitika, maselo ambiri osadziwika adzawoneka ndi kuchotsedwa ndi ma chitetezo a mthupi.
HPV ndi khansa
HPV tsopano yakhazikitsidwa monga momwe imathandizira nthawi zambiri khansa ya pachibelekero, komanso khansa zambiri za khansa, kansa ya penile , pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa, ndi 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pakamwa, makamaka yomwe imachitika achinyamata, osati -kuphika akazi.
HPV 18 ndi HPV 16 ndizo zimayambitsa pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pakhosi ya HPV yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, ndipo HPV 16 imayang'anizana ndi theka la HPV yomwe imapangitsa khansa yapakamwa.
Choncho, tikudziwa kuti matenda a HPV angayambitse khansa komanso kuti amachititsa khansa pafupi ndi mapapo. Tikudziwanso kuti matenda a tizilombo amatha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala odwala khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, koma kodi angayambe khansa ya m'mapapo?
Matenda a Khansa Amayambitsa ndi Zoopsa
Kuyang'ana zomwe zimayambitsa kansa ya m'mapapo ndizofunika kwambiri. Mwamwayi, manyazi omwe khansara yamapapo ndi matenda a fodya ali m'njira zina yachepetsera patsogolo pakufufuza zowonjezera zomwe zingayambitse. Koma khansara yamapapo imapezeka ndi osasuta komanso. Ku United States, amayi 20 pa 100 alionse amene amayamba khansa ya m'mapapo sakhala akusuta ndudu imodzi, ndipo chiwerengero chimenecho chimafika pa 50 peresenti ya amayi omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo padziko lonse omwe sakhala osuta. Ndipotu khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya ndiyo nambala 6 yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States.
Tikudziwanso kuti si onse amene amasuta amayamba ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo kusuta komweku kumagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Kodi HPV ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi?
Mbiri ndi Geography ya HPV ndi khansa ya m'mimba
Vuto lomwe HPV lingakhoze kuthandizira pakukula kwa khansa ya m'mapapo linanenedwa koyamba mu 1979. Kafukufuku wambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo apeza umboni wa HPV DNA mu khansa yamapapu, koma izi zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi malo . Ku United States, HPV DNA imapezeka pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, malinga ndi phunzirolo, ndi HPV 16 ndi HPV 18 zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri-zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khansara ya chiwindi.
Ku Ulaya, kupezeka kwa HPV DNA mu khansa ya m'mapapo ndi pafupifupi 17 peresenti, koma chiwerengero ichi chikugwera pa 69 peresenti ku Greece ndi ku Taiwan ndi 79 peresenti ku Japan. Tikudziwa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya ndiyofala ku Asia. Tikudziwanso kuti HPV ikuwoneka kuti imapezeka m'maselo a khansa yamapapu a amayi ndi osuta fodya kuposa amuna ndi anthu omwe amasuta.
Maphunziro awiri a 2016 akuwonetseratu kusiyana kumeneku. Mu kafukufuku wina, anapeza kuti akazi a ku Taiwan anali otheka kwambiri kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ngati atapezeka ndi HPV. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wina wa ku China adapeza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa ma antibodies a HPV (chizindikiro cha kutuluka) ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
Kodi HIV imayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba?
Ngakhale HPV yapezeka m'maselo a khansa yamapapu, makamaka mu squamous cell carcinoma m'mapapu , momwe chidziwitso cha kupeza HPV mu maselo a kansa yamapapo sichidziwika kapena kumveka. Tiyeni tione zina mwazifukwa zomwe funsoli silinayankhidwe mosavuta.
Causation vs. Correlation
Kaya kukhala ndi HPV mu khansara yamapapu kumasonyeza kuti vutoli (lomwe HPV limayambitsa khansara yamapapo) ndi funso lina. Chifukwa chakuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu ziwiri-pakadali pano kukhalapo kwa HPV ndi chitukuko cha khansara yamapapo-sichiti kanthu potsutsa. Njira yosavuta kufotokoza izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo. Pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kudya ayisikilimu ndi kumira koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kudya ayisikilimu kumayambitsa madzi. Pankhaniyi, pali mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zomwe sizigwirizana.
Kuwonjezera apo, mmalo mwa chisokonezo kapena mgwirizano wosagwirizana, kupezeka kwa HPV ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kungakhale "funso la nkhuku ndi dzira". Choyamba chinabwera ndani? Mwina minofu yamapapu yomwe yawonongeka ndi kukhalapo kwa khansa imangokhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Ngati ndi choncho, HPV idzaonedwa ngati "matenda opatsirana" monga matenda omwe anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amapeza. Ndi AIDS, ndiko kuwonongeka kwa HIV komwe kumapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi matenda monga pneumocystis chibayo, osati matenda ena omwe amabweretsa HIV.
Kansa ya Pakhungu Yamapiri vs. Metastases
M'maphunziro ena, khansara yamapapo imapezeka ngati yowonjezereka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi khansa ya pachibelekero. Phunziro limodzi labwino kwambiri (lomwe linapangitsa kuti HPV ikhale yochepa ngati imagwiriridwa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ku Canada ndi kumpoto kwa America), zinapezeka kuti matenda a HPV analipo pa 1.5 peresenti ya odwala, komanso kuti odwala onsewa adakumanapo kale Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga khansa yachiberekero kapena khansa ya m'kamwa) yokhudzana ndi HPV. Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'mapapoyi imapezeka ngati khansa yapapopopayi yam'mbuyo, funso limene linafunsidwa ndikuti mmalo mwake, matendawa angayimire khansara yamatenda m'mapapu kuchokera ku khansa yapakamwa komanso ya khansa yapakamwa.
HPV monga Carcinogen
Tili otsimikiza kuti HPV imagwira ntchito ngati kagajeni-mankhwala owopsa a khansa- pakubwera kwa chiberekero, khansa ya penile, yazimayi, ndi ya m'kamwa, koma bwanji za khansa ya m'mapapo? Ngati HPV imakhudzidwa ndi khansara yamapapu, lingaliro laling'ono likuwoneka kuti HPV ikhoza kukhala wothandizira kupanga khansa ya m'mapapo. M'mawu ena, kachilombo ka HIV kangagwire ntchito pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zoopsa monga radon kapena kusuta fodya kuti apange khansara. Zimaganiziranso kuti, mosiyana ndi khansara ya chiberekero, ngati HPV ilidi chifukwa kapena khungu la khansa yamapapu, ndiye kuti izi zili zochepa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo okha.
Matenda a HPV ndi Matumbo a Khansa
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu omwe ali ndi umboni wa HPV m'maselo a kansa yamapapu amawoneka kuti ali ndi ubwino wabwino kuposa omwe alibe umboni wa HPV m'maselo a khansa yamapapu. Zomwe akupezazi zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya HPV ndi yotheka ku khansa ya m'mapapo poyerekeza ndi khansa ya m'kamwa. Khansa yam'thupi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi HPV imakhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino kuposa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya.
Pansi
Zidzakhalanso nthawi yambiri tisanadziwe kuti, ngati paliponse, ubale weniweni pakati pa HPV ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kwenikweni. Monga taonera, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe sitimvetse. Kufufuzanso kwina kudzafunika kuunika kukhalapo kwa HPV mu maselo a kansa yamapapo, ndikufotokozera kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malo omwe akuwoneka kuti alipo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ngakhale kugwirizana pakati pa HPV ndi kansa ya m'mapapo sikutanthauza kuwonetsa. Zingakhale kuti sizigwirizana, kapena ngakhale minofu ya khansa ya m'mapapo imakhala yotenga kachilombo ka HPV ndi khansara yamapapo ndi "chifukwa" cha matenda a HPV m'malo mozungulira.
HPV Kupewa
Nanga izi zikutanthawuza zotani? Kuchepetsa kugonana kwa HPV kupyolera mu chiwerewere chotetezeka ndi kuyamba bwino. Kwa iwo omwe ali pa mpanda wa katemera wa HPV , izi zingapereke chithandizo chapang'ono.
Kuwopsa Kwambiri Kanseri ya Khansa
Mwamwayi tikudziwa za zifukwa zingapo zoopsya za khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe timakhala nayo. Onetsetsani izi 10 zothandizira kupewa khansa . Onetsetsani kuti mwakhala mukuyang'ana nyumba yanu kwa radon - chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya ndikuganiziranso kuwonjezera zina mwa zakudyazi kuti muchepetse vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo ku zakudya zanu. Ndipo musaiwale: aliyense yemwe ali ndi mapapo akhoza kutenga khansa ya m'mapapo.
Zotsatira:
Chang, Y., Keeney, M., Law, M. et al. Kuzindikira kwa papillomavirus yaumunthu m'kati mwa khungu kakang'ono ka carcinoma ya mapapo. Anthu Odwala Matenda . 2015. 46 (11): 1592-7.
Fan, X., Yu, K., Wu, J. et al. Kusagwirizana pakati pa squamous cell carcinoma ya matenda a mapapo ndi mapilomavirus a anthu komanso mgwirizano ndi mafotokozedwe a p53 ndi p16. Matenda Achilengedwe . 2015. 36 (4): 3043-9.
Lin, F., Huang, J., Tsai, S. et al. Chiyanjano pakati pa matenda a papillomavirus a munthu ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yazimayi: Kuphunzira kwa kagulu ka anthu. Medicine (Baltimore) . 2016. 95 (23): e3856.
National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala a Papillomaviruses ndi Khansa: Mafunso ndi Mayankho. 02/19/15. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-fact-sheet.
Prabhu, P., Jayalekshmi, D., ndi M. Pillai. Mavairasi a Khansa ndi Human Papilloma (HPVs): Kufufuza umboni wa Molecular. Journal of Oncology . 2012. ID 750270.
van Boerdonk, R., Daniels, J., Bloemena, E. et al. Khansara yamapapo yamapapo yowopsa kwambiri ya papillomavirus: umboni wa maselo a mtundu wa metastasis. Journal of Thoracic Oncology . 2013. 8 (6): 711-8.
Zhai, K., Ding, J., ndi H. Shi. Khansara ya HPV ndi mapapo a mapapo: meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Virology . 2015. 63: 84-90.