Mwinamwake mwamvapo kuti chinthu ndi kagajeni kapena kagajeni. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi tikudziwa bwanji kuti chinachake chingayambe khansa?
Tanthauzo
Khansa yotchedwa carcinogen imatchulidwa ngati chinthu chomwe chingayambitse khansa. Izi zingakhale mankhwala, kachilombo, kapenanso mankhwala omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pochiza khansa. Ngakhale khansa zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a kansajeni kapena kuphatikizapo khansa, chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi khansa chingathenso kulandira monga gawo la genome lathu.
Mankhwala a kansajeni angagwire ntchito m'njira zingapo:
- Kachiphojeni ingasokoneze mwachindunji DNA m'maselo (chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi,) komwe kumayambitsa chisokonezo mu maselo ochibadwa.
- Mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga ndi kutupa zomwe zimachititsa maselo akugawanika mofulumira. Pamene maselo agawanika nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mwayi kuti kusintha kudzakhalapo (kusintha) komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa .
Mitundu
Tili pafupi ndi khansa tsiku lililonse, kaya kuntchito, kunyumba, kapena kusewera. Mankhwala a khansa samayambitsa khansara kwa aliyense amene akuwonekera; mphamvu ya kansajeni yomwe imayambitsa khansara imadalira pa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwake, kutalika kwa thupi, thanzi la munthu, komanso zinthu zina pamoyo wa munthuyo zomwe zingakweze kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa.
Anthu amakhalanso ndi malingaliro aumwini payekha kwa kagajeni chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo. Kawirikawiri khansa imakhala yambiri, kutanthauza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito palimodzi kuti zisokoneze khansa.
Mitundu ya khansa imaphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala / zinthu - Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba kapena malo antchito angakhale a khansa. Mwachitsanzo, asibesitosi mu kusungunula kungachititse khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mesothelioma . Anthu ambiri ali ndi lingaliro lakuti ngati mankhwala angayambitse khansa sakanaloledwa m'nyumba zathu. Si choncho.
- Mazira a m'mlengalenga - Mazira a ultraviolet ochokera ku dzuwa ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino cha khansara ya khungu. Radoni imene imachokera ku kuvunda kwa uranium m'nthaka ndiyeno kumalowetsa m'nyumba kumayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo .
- Miyendo yachipatala - Ma radiation onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mayesero komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa amaonedwa kuti ali ndi khansa. Mwachitsanzo, amayi omwe alandira chithandizo cha ma radiation pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a kansa ya m'mawere ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo chifukwa cha matenda a mazira.
- Mavairasi - Mavairasi monga mapilomaviruses aumunthu omwe amachititsa khansa ya m'kamwa ndi khansara ya chiberekero, ndi matenda a hepatitis C omwe amachititsa khansa ya chiwindi imatengedwa kuti ndi khansa. Onani ma ARV ena omwe amaganiziridwa kuti amachititsa khansa .
- Mankhwala ena - Mankhwala enaake omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asokonezeke. Mwachitsanzo, chemotherapy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira amayi ndi khansa ya m'mawere oyambirira nthawi zina imayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana mwachisawawa kungapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere kwa atsikana.
- Zochita za moyo - Kusuta ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndizo ziwalo za khansa chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi vuto la kusintha kwa thupi kumene kumabweretsa khansa.
Nthawi Yoyamba
Chofunikira kumvetsetsa ndi lingaliro la nthawi ya latency .
Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe imakhalapo pakati pa matenda a kansajeni ndi nthawi yomwe khansara imayamba. Nthawi ya latency ikhoza kukhala yochepa kwambiri, monga kuwonetseredwa ndi kuwala kwa chida cha nyukiliya, kapena mmalo mwake, zaka makumi ambiri, malingana ndi matenda enaake a khansa.
Kuyesedwa
Sikophweka nthawi zonse kudziwa ngati chinthu kapena kutuluka ndi kagajeni. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi kusuta. Zinatengera zaka zambiri zafukufuku ndi mamiliyoni a madola kuti azindikire ubale wa kusuta kuti upse khansa. Kafukufuku wambiri kuti aone ngati zinthu zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyama zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Zisanayambe kuyesedwa kwa zinyama, zambiri mwa zinthu izi zimayang'aniratu poyamba muzochitika zamaselo mububu.
Ngakhale kuti sizowonongeka kuti ayese zinthu zowonongeka kwa anthu, kufufuza mozama kuyang'ana anthu omwe ali ndi khansara, ndikuyesa kutsogolo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza zinthu kapena zozizwitsa kuti ziwone zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
Tsoka ilo, maphunziro a maselo kapena maphunziro a zinyama sangatiuze nthawi zonse zomwe zidzachitike mwa anthu. Chimene chimachitika ndi maselo a munthu mu mbale mu labu chikhoza kukhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi chomwe chimachitika kuti chiwonetsero chimodzimodzi pakati pa miyandamiyanda ya kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika nthawi zonse mwa anthu. Mofananamo, maphunziro a zinyama sangatiuze nthawi zonse zomwe zidzachitike ndi chiwonetsero cha anthu. Izi ndizochitika ndi thalidomide, yomwe inali mankhwala otetezeka ku zinyama za ma laboratory koma anabweretsa zilema zobereka pamene amapatsidwa kwa amayi apakati.
Zolemba
Pali machitidwe ambiri omwe amawunikira khansa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
The Environmental Protection Agency:
- Gulu A: Mankhwala a khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu B: Mwinamwake kukhala khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu C: Umboni wotsimikizirika wa kukhala khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu D: Zowonongeka zowonjezera kuyesa matenda
- Gulu E: Sichikhoza kukhala khansa kwa anthu
Bungwe la International Research Research Cancer: National Toxicology Program:
- Gulu A: Mankhwala a khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu B: Mwinamwake kukhala khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu C: Umboni wosonyeza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi matenda oopsa
- Gulu D: Zowonongeka zowonjezera kuti zitha kuwona kuti zingatheke bwanji
- Gulu E: Sichikhoza kukhala khansa kwa anthu
National Toxicology Program
- Amadziwika kuti ali ndi khansa kwa anthu
- Zomveka kuyembekezera kukhala khansa kwa anthu
Zitetezo za chitetezo
Kumbukirani kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zingathe kudwala kansajeni. Osati kokha kuti pali mamiliyoni ambiri omwe angakhale ndi khansa m'zinthu zamalonda ndi mafakitale, koma sizingatheke kuyesa mankhwala aliwonse omwe alipo mazana mazana ambiri (kapena chikhalidwe.) Pa chifukwachi, ndikofunikira kuchita chidziwitso ndi zamoyo zilizonse zomwe mungathe kuzichita. akhoza kuwonekera. Ndikofunikira kuti:
- Werengani malemba, ndipo yang'anani zosakaniza zomwe simukuzidziwa. Zina zapakhomo zimapanga makalata omwe ali ndi khansa za anthu. Chitsanzo ndi mitundu ina ya mkuwa wonyezimira.
- Tsatirani njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala abwino kunyumba. Werengani zolemba zing'onozing'ono pamakina. Zina mwa izi zimalimbikitsa kuvala magolovesi. Ena amalimbikitsa mpweya wokwanira, kuvala maski, kapena kupereka masikiti apadera (ngati akunena izi, zikutanthauza kuti mask sikokwanira kukutetezani.) Timaiwala kuti zinthu zambiri zimatha kutengeka mosavuta khungu. Tsopano tili ndi zizindikiro za chirichonse kuchokera ku chikonga kupita ku mankhwala opweteka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Chikhalidwe chabwino cha thumbu ndi chakuti ngati simungadye, gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
- Tsatirani ndondomeko zoyenera pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala pa ntchito. Olemba ntchito amafunika kupereka Zolemba Zopezeka Panyanja pazinthu zilizonse zomwe mungapezeke kuntchito. Tengani nthawi yowerenga izi mosamala.
- Ganizirani njira zina zopangira zinthu zomwe zili ndi zowonjezera: Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena apeza kuti mmalo mokhala ndi zowonjezera zamalonda (zomwe zili ndi zosakaniza zomwe zingakweze diso lako), mukhoza kusamalira bwino nyumba yanu ndi vinyo wosasa, mandimu, mandimu , maolivi, ndi soda. Sikuti izi zimachepetsanso kuti mukhale ndi khansa, koma ndi yotsika mtengo.
- Ganizirani zomwe mungachite. Mwachitsanzo, onetsetsani malingaliro awa momwe mungadyetse zakudya kuti muchepetse khansa.
Zithunzi
Pali zida zambiri zomwe mungayang'ane mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe mumazidziwira kuti mudziwe matenda awo.
- IARC Monographs
- National Toxicology Program
Mawu Ochokera
Tili ndi mavitamini m'madera athu tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale kuti mwina pali zinthu zomwe tidzaphunzire ndi matenda a khansa m'tsogolomu, tikhoza kuchitapo kanthu lero kuti tipewe kuchepa kwathu. Kudziwa, ndi kuzindikira kuti pali zizindikiro zamakono m'deralo zomwe zisanachitikepo ndizoyambika. Kupeza njira zosavuta zochitetezera, monga malembo owerengera komanso kuvala magolovesi sizingakhale zofunikira nthawi zonse, koma zingakhale zanzeru ngati simukudziwa bwino zomwe mukugwira ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Khansa yapamwamba. Mndandanda wa mapiritsi. Kusinthidwa 04/24/17. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html
> International Agency for Research on Cancer. Kufufuza kwa Ngozi za Kacinogeni kwa Anthu. http://monographs.iarc.fr/