Mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa khansa muyenera kudziwa
Kodi pali mavairasi omwe amachititsa khansa? Ngati ndi choncho, ndi mavairasi ati, amachititsa bwanji khansara, ndipo amachititsa khansa zotani? Kodi pali njira iliyonse yothetsera izi kuti zisakwaniritsidwe?
Mavairasi Amayambitsa Kansa
Mungaganize kuti mavairasi ambiri ndi omwe amachititsa chimfine , koma ena mwa tizilombo timene timapanga zambiri. Ndipotu, akuganiza kuti padziko lonse, pafupifupi 20% ya khansa imayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi.
Ku United States, chiŵerengero chimenecho n'chochepa, koma mavairasi amalingaliridwa kuti amayambitsa pakati pa 5 ndi 10% a khansa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mavairasi ambiri samayambitsa khansara. Kuonjezera apo, ngakhale pamene mavairasi amachititsa kusintha kwa majini kuti khungu likhale khansa, ambiri mwa maselo omwe awonongeka amachotsedwa ndi ma chitetezo cha mthupi. Pamene matenda a tizilombo amatsogolera ku khansara, yomwe imatha kuthawa chitetezo cha mthupi, pali zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito, monga momwe tawonera pansipa.
Kodi Vuto Limayambitsa Kansera?
Kachilombo kamene sikangokhala DNA kapena RNA yokutidwa mu chovala cha mapuloteni. Chomwe chimapangitsa iwo kukhala apadera ndi chakuti alibe zinthu zofunika kuti azigwira okha. Amakakamizidwa kulowa m'seri yolandira (akhoza kukhala zomera, zinyama, kapena bakiteriya) kuti apindule ndi kubereka. Pali njira zingapo zomwe kachilombo kangayambitsire khansara.
- Mavairasi ena amachititsa kutupa kwakukulu. Kutupa kumeneku kumayambitsa kuchulukana kwa maselo pakapanga maselo kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo oonongeka. Nthawi iliyonse maselo agawanika, pamakhala chiopsezo chakuti kusintha kwa chibadwa kudzachitika. Choncho kutupa kumeneku kumayambitsa ma ARV kumayambitsa kugawidwa kwa selo, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi waukulu kuti zolakwika zamtunduwu zizichitika, zomwe zimadzetsa khansa.
- Mavairasi ena amatha kuwononga DNA m'maselo omwe amachititsa khansa.
- Mavairasi ena angasinthe mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi kotero kuti sangathe kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa.
Mavairasi Amadziwika Kuti Athangitse Khansa
Mavairasi a khansa akhoza kukhala DNA kapena RNA mavairasi. Mavairasi omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi khansara amalembedwa m'munsimu, ngakhale kuti ena akhoza kupezeka mtsogolo.
Onaninso kuti pali mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha khansa.
Mankhwala a Papillomavirus (HPV) ndi Cancer
Papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana kamene kakukhudza Achimereka oposa 20 miliyoni. Ndilofala kwambiri matenda opatsirana pogonana. Panopa pali magulu oposa 100 omwe amadziwika ndi HPV, koma pafupifupi 30 mwa awa akuganiza kuti amachititsa khansa.
Matenda a HPV omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi khansa ndi HPV 16 ndi HPV 18.
Katemera wa HPV - mpweya woteteza HPV 16 ndi HPV 18 - umapezeka kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 11 ndi 12, ndipo angaperekedwe kuyambira ali ndi zaka 9 ndipo ali ndi zaka 26.
Khansara yowonongeka ndi matenda a HPV ndi awa:
- Khansara ya chiberekero - Matenda oopsa a HPV ndiwo amachititsa pafupifupi khansa yonse ya chiberekero
- Khansara ya vulvar - 69% ya khansa yowopsa imayambitsidwa ndi HPV
- Khansara ya khansa - Pafupifupi 91% ya khansa ya khansa imayambitsidwa ndi HPV
- Khansa ya m'magulu - 75% ya khansa ya m'mimba chifukwa cha HPV
- Khansa ya penile - 63% ya khansa ya penile imayenderana ndi HPV.
- Mutu ndi Khansara ya Nkhungu - Zimaganiziridwa kuti 72% mwa khansa pafupi ndi kumbuyo kwa mmero ndi ofanana ndi HPV.
Mu khansa zina, deta sichidziwika bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, HPV imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansara yamapapo , koma siidziwika ngati HPV ikuthandizira pa chitukuko cha khansara yamapapo, ngati mmalo mwake, kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo imapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo cha HPV, kapena ngati ndizochitika mosavuta ndipo sizigwirizana.
Mwamwayi, zikuwoneka kuti ena mwa khansa ali ndi matenda obwera bwino pamene akukhudzana ndi matenda a HPV. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya khosi yomwe imalingaliridwa kuti imayambitsidwa ndi kusuta ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhala zosauka kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi HPV.
Hepatitis B ndi Khansa
Kudwala ndi matenda a Hepatitis B (HBV) kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi .
Matendawa ndi othandizira kwambiri amafalitsidwa kupyolera m'magazi, magazi, ndi madzi ena. Njira zodziwika zogonana zimakhala ndi kugonana kosatetezeka, kupatsirana kwa amayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi ya kubadwa, komanso kugawana ndi singano zowonongeka (nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zimatha kupezeka ndi zolemba zina).
Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira chifukwa cha matenda a hepatitis B (pafupifupi 70% ali ndi zizindikiro ndipo ena 30% ali odwala), koma anthu ena amayamba kukhala ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi cha B, makamaka omwe amadwala matendawa ali aang'ono. omwe alibe zizindikiro zirizonse. Khansara ya chiwindi imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi (B) omwe amatenga matenda a hepatitis B.)
Ana ambiri omwe anabadwa kuyambira m'ma 1980 adatetezedwa ku matenda a chiwindi a B, ndipo akuluakulu omwe sanatengeko katemera ayenera kulingalira.
Hepatitis C ndi Cancer
Matenda a hepatitis C amachititsanso kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa ya chiwindi. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980, matenda a hepatitis C (HCV) amadziwika kuti ndi a hepatitis omwe si A. Matenda oyambirira akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro, koma anthu ambiri alibe zizindikiro. Mosiyana ndi matenda a hepatitis B , omwe matendawa samakhala aakulu, pafupifupi 80% a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis C amakhala ndi matenda aakulu.
Pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chikupitirizabe kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka HIV, nthawi zambiri, fibrosis imayamba, ndipo pamapeto pake imayambitsa matenda a chiwindi. Kutupa kosatha kungachititsenso khansa ya chiwindi.
Vutoli limafalikira kudzera m'magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, monga kuikidwa magazi ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma anthu ambiri alibe zifukwa zomveka zowopsa. Panopa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti akuluakulu obadwa pakati pa 1945 ndi 1965 ayesedwe matendawa, komanso ena omwe ali pangozi.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ndi Khansa
Vuto la Epstein-Barr limadziwikiratu chifukwa chochititsa mononucleosis koma limagwirizananso ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lymphoma . Izi zikuphatikizapo
- Posttransplant lymphoma - Pakati pa 1 ndi 20 peresenti ya anthu amapanga lymphoma pambuyo poika thupi, ndipo pafupifupi zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi matenda a Epstein-Barr.
- Lymphoma yogwirizana ndi HIV.
- Burkitt's lymphoma - Mu Africa, Burkitt's lymphoma ndi amene amachititsa theka la khansa ya ana, ndipo 98 peresenti yazigwirizanitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr. Kugwirizana pakati pa Epstein Barr ndi Burkitt's lymphoma sikulimbikitse kwa ana omwe ali ndi matendawa ku United States, ndipo akuganiza kuti malungo angachepetse chitetezo cha mthupi mwa ana a ku Africa omwe amalola kachilombo kusintha maselo kukhala khansa.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma - Ikuganiza kuti kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr kamakhala ndi matenda 40 mpaka 50% mwa matenda a Hodgkin ku US
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Epstein-Barr amadziwika kuti amachititsa nasopharyngeal carcinoma ndi gastric carcinoma.
HIV (Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ndi Khansa
HIV ndi khansa zimagwirizana m'njira zingapo . Monga momwe tadziwira kwa zaka zambiri kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo angachepetse chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha khansa, kuteteza thupi kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kungayambitse anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, chachikulu cha CNS lymphoma, khansa ya m'magazi, ndi myeloma zonse zimagwirizana ndi matendawa. Monga taonera kale, zikuwoneka kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi (monga malungo) kulola kuti Epstein Barr tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awononge kusintha kwa ma lymphoma kuti akhale lymphoma.
Kuwonjezera pa maimfine, kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa matenda a kansalu ya khansi, khansara yamapapo, khansara yamapapo, kansa ya kansa, ndi khansa ya chiwindi.
Matenda a Lymphotrophic (HTLV-1) ndi Cancer
HTLV-1 ndi retrovirus (yofanana ndi kachilombo ka HIV) yomwe imayambitsa T-cell leukemia / lymphoma.
Vuto la HIV Herpes 8 (HHV-8) ndi Khansa
HHV-8 ingayambitse Kaposi's sarcoma komanso amadziwika kuti KSHV - Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus - yotchedwa McPyV - ikhoza kupanga khansa ya khungu yotchedwa Merkel cell carcinoma. Komabe ngakhale kuti kachilombo kawirikawiri kamakhala kofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu onse, khansara yomwe imayambitsa ndi yachilendo.
Kupewa
Nthawi imodzi yothandizira imayenera kulemera makilogalamu, ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti ambiri mwa mavairasi omwe angayambitse khansa amachoka kwa munthu aliyense. Kuchita kugonana mosatetezeka komanso kusagwirizana ndi singano ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera chiopsezo. Kufunika kwa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino - kudya bwino ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - kumalimbikitsidwa poona momwe kutetezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumayambitsa chiwopsezo cha zina za khansa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Kupewa khansa yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri ofufuza - makamaka lingaliro lotha kuteteza ena mwa khansa kudzera mu katemera pofuna kuteteza kachilombo koyambitsa mthupi poyamba.
Pamapeto pake, asayansi akugwira ntchito yosiyana ndi mavairasi ndi khansa komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mavairasi ena kuti amenyane ndi khansa m'malo mochita zimenezi.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. HPV Link ndi Cancer.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Malingaliro Oyesera a Hepatitis C Infection.
Geng, L., ndi X. Wang. Matenda a Epstein-Barr omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozilombo toyambitsa matenda. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine . 2015. 8 (9): 14656-71.
Grundhoff, A., ndi N. Fischer. Merkel cell polyomavirus, kachilombo kofala kwambiri kamene kamakhala ndi mphamvu zamagazi. Malingaliro Amakono mu Virology . 2015. 14: 129-37.
National Cancer Institute. Agulu Opatsirana.
Vedham, V., Verma, M., ndi S. Mahabir. Kutangoyamba kwa moyo kuwonetsetsa kwa opatsirana opatsirana ndi kukulitsa khansa. Cancer Medicine . 2015. 4912): 1908-22.