Matenda a Parasitic a Nervous System Ndi Oopsa
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za matenda opatsirana a mitsempha ya pakatikati? Amagwirizanitsa bwanji ndipo mungatani kuti muwaletse? Kodi zizindikiro ndi chiyani?
Mavuto Ndi Matenda
Sitikudziwitsa munthu kuti tili ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda a tizilombo, monga mzere wa khosi kapena fuluwenza. Ambiri aife, tikhoza kukayikira tisanavomereze kuti tili ndi tapeworms.
Matenda a parasitic amadzimva kwambiri-mwinamwake kuphwanya kwakukulu kuposa mitundu ina ya matenda. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda ena a parasitic, ndipo akuti anthu oposa 1 biliyoni ali ndi kachilombo kokha.
Matenda a Parasitic a Central Nervous System
Matenda a parasitic akhoza kutha pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya thupi lomwe lingaganizidwe. Zomwe zimayambitsa dongosolo la mitsempha ndizo zowononga kwambiri komanso zosokoneza kwambiri. Zomwezi zikhoza kuchitika nthawi zina, koma zikhoza kuwonetsa moyo wodwala. Kuzindikira mofulumira ndi kuchiza mwamsanga n'kofunika kuti kuchepetsa kufa kwa anthu onse komanso matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa.
Matenda ena a parasitic omwe angaphatikizepo machitidwe apakati a mitsempha akhoza kuchitika kwa wina aliyense. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, matenda opatsirana odwala matenda a parasitic ndiwo omwe amatha kuchitika ngati munthu atha kupeweratu chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha matenda a khansa, kachilombo ka HIV, kapena matenda ena odwala.
Matenda omwe angayambukire ubongo ndi awa:
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis ndi matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha protozoan Toxoplasma gondii . Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu okwana 15 peresenti ya anthu ku US, ndipo pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu ku Ulaya, ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziyang'ana ambiri. Koma pakakhala vuto la immunodeficiency, monga Edzi , tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuthamanga mu ubongo, ndipo timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawonekera pamtundu wa MRI. Toxoplasmosis imayambitsa kupweteka kwa mutu, kupweteka, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi kusintha kwa maganizo.
Toxoplasmosis ndi matenda a Edzi malinga ndi CDC, yomwe imatanthawuza za matenda omwe ali okhudzana ndi kuthetsedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kaŵirikaŵiri Toxoplasmosis imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso cha paka, koma mlandu wotsutsana ndi mankhwalawa umatha kupitirira. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi Edzi, palibe kusiyana komwe kumawonekera chifukwa chokhala ndi zinyalala za kitty.
Chithandizo chovomerezeka cha toxoplasmosis chikuphatikizapo pyrimethamine, leucovorin, ndi sulfadiazine. Ngati pali vuto lililonse la kukakamiza kuthamanga , steroids iyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga mwachizoloŵezi, ndi bwino kuteteza matendawa kuti asachitike mwa kupewa kuteteza thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo lisatetezedwe. Chifukwa cha mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana , mlingo wa matenda okhudzana ndi toxoplasmosis wagwa kuyambira pachimake mu 1995.
Njira zothandizira zitha kukhala monga kupeŵa zinyalala (kapena kuvala magolovesi osachepera), kudya nyama yokhayo yophikidwa bwino, kutsuka bwino zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi kuvala magolovesi nthawi iliyonse yobzala (kuganiza: kubisala kunja).
Neurocysticercosis
Nthenda yotchedwa Neurocysticercosis imapezeka pamene anthu amadyetsa mazira a Taenia solium , omwe amawombera nkhumba omwe mazira amawoneka m'zinthu zamunthu. Kuwongolera mazira kumabweretsa mphutsi za tapeworm zomwe zikukula m'matumba osiyanasiyana, makamaka ubongo ndi minofu. Izi zimayambitsa kugwidwa ndi zina.
Matendawa, mosemphana ndi chikhulupiliro chofala, sichimayambitsanso mwachindunji chifukwa chodyera nkhumba. Nkhumba zodyedwa zikamadyedwa, ziphuphu zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a tapeworm m'matumbo aang'ono ndi mphutsi yomwe imatsanulira mazira ambiri. Ndi mazira omwe angayambitse matenda a ubongo. Munthu akamadya mazira a tapeworm (omwe amakhetsedwa ndi chonyamulira cha tapeworm), mphutsi imatha kupyolera mu matumbo ndikupanga njira yopita kumsewu wamkati kapena msana.
Zisonyezero zingaphatikizepo kuwonjezeka kwapopeni, kupweteka mutu, ndi kugwidwa.
Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri m'madera omwe nkhumba zimakula komanso kusowa kwaukhondo ndizosauka, kuphatikizapo zambiri za South America ndi India, ndipo zikuganiziridwa kuti zatenga anthu pafupifupi 50 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Kudwala matenda a kysticosis ndi amene amachititsa kuti anthu agwe mdziko lonse lapansi ndipo akudwaladwala ku United States (makamaka chifukwa chochokera ku Latin America.)
Chithandizo ndi albendazole ndi praziquantel pamodzi ndi steroids kuti achepetse kutupa mu ubongo.
Kupewa kumaphatikizapo kutsuka mwamphamvu, kupewa nyama yonyansa, ndikuonetsetsa kuti idyani nkhumba yokha yomwe yophikidwa bwino.
Matenda a Malaria
Popanda kukokomeza, malungo ndi chimodzi mwaziopsezo kwambiri pa moyo waumunthu m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. Kwa zaka zambiri, matendawa apha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Zochita za tizilombo toyambitsa matendazi ndi zovuta, koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupatsirana ndi udzudzu wodwala. Pano ife tikambirane mwachidule chimodzi mwa malungo amachenjerero angapo pakuwononga kwaumunthu: kuwonongeka mwachindunji kwa minofu ya ubongo.
Malungo a ubongo angayambe kusintha mu chidziwitso kapena kupweteka. Popanda chithandizo, matendawa amayamba kukula mpaka kufa. Ndi mankhwala, kufa ndi pakati pa 15 ndi 20 peresenti. Ena opulumuka, makamaka ana, akhoza kukhala ndi zochepa monga kusowa khungu, kugontha, kukhumudwa, kapena mavuto amalingaliro.
Matenda a malungo amapezeka kwambiri pamene malungo amakhala, monga Africa. Alendo ku madera oterewa angathandize kuchepetsa matenda a malungo ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso njira zina zothandizira. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a malaria amafunika kuthandizidwa mwamsanga ndi cinchona alkaloids monga quinidine, kapena derivatives monga artesunate. Yachiwiri ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mankhwala a African Manpanosomiasis
Mankhwala a trypanosomiasis , omwe amatchedwanso matenda ogona, amayamba ndi tizilombo ta protozoa Trypansoma brucei gambiense kapena Trypansoma brucei rhodosiense . Monga malaria, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalikira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala otchedwa American trypanosomiasis amafalitsidwa ndi kachilombo kopha munthu . Mankhwala a trypanosomiasis a Africa amafalikira ndi ntchentche yotchedwa tsetse , yomwe imasiya khungu, lopweteka, mpaka mamita awiri kapena asanu. Kuthamanga kungatsatirenso.
Patatha nthawi, nthawi zina, majeremusi amafalitsidwa kuchokera ku magazi kupita ku ubongo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti meningoencephalitis ndi kutupa. Kumva mutu, kuvutika maganizo, kusintha kwa umunthu, komanso kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka mantha kapena ataxia (kusowa mgwirizano) kungabweretse. Matendawa amafa popanda mankhwala. Kuti mudziwe matendawa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuwona mu microscope mwachitsanzo monga cerebrospinal fluid. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo mankhwala monga eflornithine kapena melarsoprol-omwe angathe kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa-koma ndi bwino kwambiri kuposa kulola kuti matendawa asapitile.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis , yomwe imatchedwanso bilharzia kapena bilharziasis, imayambitsidwa ndi matenda aang'ono, flatworms otchedwa flukes. Kawirikawiri, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, zooneka ngati tsamba zimayambitsa mavuto a m'mimba, chiwindi, impso kapena chikhodzodzo. Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi mmodzi pa anthu 30 amanyamula schistosomezi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa kusamba ndi kusambira m'madzi amchere kumene mphutsi zimakhala. Monga majeremusi ambiri, moyo wa chilengedwe ichi ndi wovuta ndipo umaphatikizapo magawo osiyanasiyana. Anthu amapeza kachilombo mwakumva ndi madzi ochokera m'madzi amchere omwe ali ndi mphutsi zowopsa, zomwe zimafika pakhungu ndipo zimalowa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Kamodzi mu mitsempha ya magazi, amatha kuyenda kudutsa thupi. Mphutsi zimagwiritsa ntchito suckers kuti zigwirizane ndi khoma la mitsuko yamagazi, kumene angakhalemo kwa zaka 30.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka samamva zizindikiro. Nthawi zina, matenda oopsa amatha kuwonekera tsiku lina atatha kuwonetseredwa ndi kuthamanga kwachitsulo. Pakatha milungu iwiri kapena eyiti, malungo akhoza kuyamba. Pambuyo pake, pamene schistosomes imafalitsidwa ku ziwalo zosiyana, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimatha. Nthawi zina, mphutsi zimafalikira kumtsempha wa msana, zomwe zimayambitsa myelopathy . Izi zimabweretsa ululu, kuchepa kwa thupi, ndi kufooka kwa zigawo zomwe zili pansi pa msinkhu wa matenda. Kufa ziwalo kosatha kumatha. Nthawi zina, schistosomiasis imakhudza ubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khunyu kapena kuthamanga kwambiri.
Chifukwa nyongolotsizi zikhoza kukhala m'thupi kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zingathe kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu nthawi iliyonse, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ayenera kuchitidwa mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa. Praziquantel ndi chithandizo cha kusankha. Ngati nthenda yotentha imayambitsa dongosolo la mitsempha, steroids iyeneranso kuperekedwa pofuna kuchepetsa kuyankha kotupa.
Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 240 ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kutemera kwachitsulo
Ekinokoti, yomwe imatchedwanso hydatidosis, ndi tapeworm yomwe, kumayambiriro kwa moyo, imayambitsa makoswe m'thupi la munthu kuphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana. Mafinya omwe ali ndi udindo ndiwo Echinococcus granulosus ndi Echinococcus multilocularis . Anthu amapeza kachilombo ka kudya zakudya zonyansa. Matendawa ndi osowa ku United States koma amapezeka ku Africa, Central Asia, Southern South America, Mediterranean ndi Middle East.
Maseŵera oyambirira a kachilombo kawirikawiri amakhala okhwimitsa, ndipo pangakhale zaka zisanachitike kuti ziphuphu zisokoneze mavuto. Mu ubongo, ziphuphu zingayambitse kupweteka kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. M'mphepete mwa msana, mphutsi zingayambitse kupweteka kwa msana ndi kuuma ziwalo. Matenda a pakatikati a mitsempha ndi ofunika kwambiri, komabe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ziwalo zina, monga mapapo kapena chiwindi.
Zitsulo zingapezeke ndi CT scan, koma kawirikawiri zimapezeka pamene mayesero a imaging amachitikira chifukwa china. Nkhumba zimafuna kuchotsedwa opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala owonjezera ndi mankhwala monga albendazole kapena praziquantel.
Trichinella
Trichenellosis ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nkhwangwa (imatodes) ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mu nyama ya nkhumba (ngakhale kuti imapezeka ndi mitundu ina ya nyama.) Matendawa ndi achilendo ku United States chifukwa cha kukonza chakudya. Mphutsi imadutsa khoma laing'ono ndipo imakhala mphutsi zazikulu. Nkhumba zimapitirizabe kumasula mazira omwe amakula kukhala ma cysts mu minofu. Pamene minofu imadyedwa ndi nyama ina, kuzungulira kumapitirira.
Mankhwala otchedwa trichinellosis angapangitse meningoencephalitis. Mutu ndi chizindikiro chofala. Kutupa, kukwapula , ndi kugwidwa kumatha kuchitanso. CT ikhoza kusonyeza zilonda zazing'ono mkati mwa ubongo. Chithandizo chili ndi albendazole kapena mebendazole, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo prednisone mu milandu yoopsa.
Paragonimiasis
Paragonimiasis ndi matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angalowe m'thupi mwa kudya nkhanu kapena nsomba zazinkhanira. Sikofala ku United States, ngakhale maulendo ambiri atchulidwa ku Midwest. Kawirikawiri zimapezeka m'mayiko akum'mawa kwa Asia. Tizilonda toyambitsa matenda sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi machitidwe a mitsempha koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kufika ku ubongo kudzera m'magazi a magazi kapena kupyolera mu toadina m'munsi mwa chigaza. Maonekedwe akuluakulu a tizilombo tonse timatulutsa zinthu zotupa ndi tunnel kudzera m'matenda, omwe amatha kupweteka mutu, kugwidwa, ndi kukwapula (makamaka chifukwa chogwedeza.)
Angiostrongyliasis
Angiostrongyliasis ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito angiostrongylus cantonensis, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia koma amapezeka ku Caribbean. Amagwidwa ndi kudya mikate, slugs, crabs, kapena prawns. Mphungu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imasunthira ku ubongo kuchititsa kupweteka kwa mutu, kunyozetsa, ndi kuuma kwa khosi. Mosiyana ndi matenda ambiri a parasitic a pakatikati a mitsempha, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe alipo ndipo kachilombo kawiri kawiri kamasintha pa nthawi ya masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
Pansi pa Ziphuphu Zomwe Zimakhudza Ubongo ndi Chingwe cha M'mimba
Monga zovuta monga matenda a parasitic ndizoyenera kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri, matendawa sadziwika. Ambiri mwa anthu padziko lonse amakhala ndi nyongolotsi kapena tizilombo tina. Komabe monga momwe tingakhalire ndi zamoyo izi, kuwonongedwa kwa kayendedwe kathu ka mantha kumakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chitonthozo ndipo nthawi zonse tiyenera kuchitenga mozama.
Kusamba bwino ( kutsuka manja ndi kuvala magolovesi) mosamala, kusamba bwino zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso kuphika bwino kwa nyama kungathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa vutoli.
Zotsatira
- Carpio, A., Romo, M., Parkhouse, R., Mfupi, B., ndi T. Dua. Matenda a Parasitic a Central Nervous System: Maphunziro kwa Odwala ndi Olemba Mapulani. Kufufuza kwa Akatswiri mu Neurotherapeutics . 2016. 16 (4): 401-414.
- Finsterer, J., ndi H. Auer. Matenda a Pakati pa Mitsempha Yoyamba. Journal of Helminthology . 2013. 87 (3): 257-70.
- Fogang, Y., Savadogo, A., Camara, M. et al. Kusamalira Neurocysticercosis: Mavuto ndi Njira Zothetsera Mavuto. International Journal of General Medicine . 2015. 8: 333-44.
- Hora, R., Kapoor, P., Sekhon, K., ndi P. Mishra. Zizindikiro za matenda a Malaria-Clinical and Pathogenesis. Matenda a ubongo . 2016. 31 (2): 225-37.
- Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L .. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.