Zomwe si zachilendo ku United States ambiri, matenda opangidwa ndi tapeworms, matenda otchedwa taeniasis, ndi ofunika kwambiri m'mayiko akutukuka. Ma tapeworms ndi mtundu wa parasitic flatworm ndipo mitundu ina imatha kupatsira munthu matope. Matendawa ndi ofala m'madera omwe malo osungirako malo akusowapo ndipo anthu akhoza kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zinyama.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri chifukwa chodyera nyama kapena nyama yaiwisi, nyama ya nkhumba, kapena nsomba kuchokera ku nyama yomwe imadwala.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tapeworms imaphatikizapo mphutsi ya ng'ombe ( Taenia saginata ) , tapeworm ya nkhumba (Taenia solium) , ndi tapeworm ya Asia (Taenia asiatica) , yomwe imapezeka ku Asia komanso imayambitsa matenda a nkhumba. Nsomba za madzi amchere zimatha kutenga kachilombo ka tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum.
Zizindikiro
Nthaŵi zambiri, matenda opangidwa ndi tapeworm sichimayambitsa zizindikiro kapena zimayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa m'magazi. Ngati pali zizindikiro, zikhoza kuphatikizapo:
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kutopa
- Njala
- Kupanda njala
- Nausea
- Kupita zigawo za tapeworm mu mpando
- Kutaya thupi
Ngati matendawa ndi mazira a nkhumba (T. solium) mazira, ziwalo zina za thupi zimadwala pamene mphutsi za tapeworm zimatuluka kuchokera kumagetsi ndikupanga cysts (yomwe imatchedwa cysticercosis). Izi zikhoza kuchititsa misa kapena zipsera pansi pa khungu kapena matupi kapena ziwalo.
Ngati cysts imachitika m'katikati mwa mitsempha ya ubongo kapena ubongo ukhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo (izi ndizo zotchedwa neurocysticercosis) ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zina mwa zizindikiro za neurocysticercosis zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Mutu
- Kugonjetsa
- Zizindikiro zina zamaganizo
Kutenga ndi tapeworm ya nsomba ( D latum ) kungayambitse kusowa kwa vitamini B12, komwe kungayambitse magazi m'thupi.
Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Chizungulire
- Kutopa
- Mutu
- Low energy
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwamsanga
- Kulira mu makutu
Zimayambitsa
Zifukwa zingapo zimakuika pachiopsezo chotenga matenda a tapeworm.
Nyama Yochuluka, Nguruwe, Kapena Nsomba
Njira yowonjezereka yomwe anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka tapeworm ndi kudya kudya kosaphika kapena nyama yaiwisi, nkhumba, kapena nsomba. Ngati chinyamacho chinali ndi tapeworms, munthu amene amadya nyama akhoza kutenga kachilomboka.
Moyo wa tapeworm umayamba ndi mazira. Mazira a tapeworm akhoza kukhala kunja kwa alendo komanso m'madera (monga madzi kapena zomera) masiku kapena miyezi. Nyama zikhoza kutenga kachilombo kaye mutadya zamasamba kapena chakudya kapena madzi akumwa omwe ali ndi mazira a tapeworm.
Tsopano mkati mwa mchere, mazira amadula ndi okhwima mu matepi aang'ono, omwe ali ndi mafoni ndipo akhoza kuchoka m'matumbo ndi minofu ya minofu. Ngati siwowonongeka kapena yophikidwa bwino kuti aphe matenda, nyama imakhala ndi ma tapeworms, omwe angaperekedwe kwa munthu amene amadya.
Nkhumba Zamagazi Zamagetsi
Njira yodziwika yochepetsedwa ndi tapeworms ndi kudzera mwa mazira a nkhumba ya taporoorm (T solium) . Mazira amakhetsedwa mu chinyama kuchokera ku nyama kapena munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo akhoza kukhalabe ndibwino pa chilengedwe.
Izi zimaphatikizapo madzi, chifukwa chake nkofunika kusamala kuti madzi akumwa asakhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mazira amathanso kumwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo samasamba m'manja bwino atatha kupita kuchimbudzi ndikusamalira zakudya zomwe ena amadya. Mazira a nkhumba a nkhumba akhoza kukhala pamtunda kotero kuti n'zotheka kuwadutsa kwa anthu ena pogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe mazira ali nawo.
Ulendo Wadziko lonse
Ngakhale kuti matenda opangidwa ndi tapeworms amapezeka ku United States, zimakhala zofala m'mayiko osauka. Ulendo wopita kumadera kumene matenda opatsirana ndi tapeworms ndi ofala kwambiri.
Kuteteza matenda pamene mukuyenda kumaphatikizapo kuonetsetsa kuti nyama ndi nsomba zikuphikidwa bwino komanso kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zophika zimaphikidwa m'madzi otentha kapena madzi omwe athandizidwa bwino kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi bwino kupeŵa chakudya kapena zakumwa zilizonse zomwe zimakayikira.
Kudziwa
Kuzindikira kwa matenda m'thupi kumaphatikizapo kuyesa malo ogwiritsira ntchito tapeworms ndi / kapena kuyang'ana malo a perianal mazira. Nthaŵi zina, zigawo za tapeworm zingakhale zikuwoneka m'thumba. Ngati izi zikuchitika, nkofunika kubweretsa chitsimikizo kwa dokotala kapena labu kuti akayesedwe ndi kulandira matenda. Kwa ena, pangakhale ma tapoporms kapena pafupi ndi anus yomwe dokotala angathe kuwona pamene akuyesedwa.
Kuti muyese yesero, chomwe chili chofunikira kuti mupeze mtundu wa tapeworm ulipo, chitsime chiyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikupatsidwa ku labu. Izi kawirikawiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sitolo poyikidwa mu chidebe chosabala, kaya kunyumba kapena pogwiritsa ntchito bafa pa labu, ndipo amapatsidwa kwa akatswiri a labata omwe angakonze ndikuyitumiza kukayezetsa. Zingakhale zofunikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa sitima kuchokera kumatenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana masiku angapo kuti apange matenda.
Kuyezetsa magazi kwa mavitamini B12 ndi / kapena kuchepa kwa magazi kungatheke ngati pali matenda ndi tapeworm ya nsomba. Mayesero ojambula monga CT scan kapena MRI angathenso kuthekanso ngati pali zovuta kuchokera ku matenda a nkhuku zogwiritsa ntchito nkhumba zomwe zasamukira kumbali zina za thupi.
Chithandizo
Pamene matenda a m'mimba amatha kupweteka, mankhwala amapezeka ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa mphutsi. Pamene mphutsi sungathe kupachika pazitsulo za m'mimba zimatuluka kunja kwa thupi ndi kuyenda kwa thupi.
Mankhwala oteteza antiparasitic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda opatsirana ndi praziquantel (Biltricide). Praziquantel amaperekedwa mlingo umodzi. Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito matepi ( Hymenolepis nana ), antiprotozoal mankhwala, Alinia (nitazoxanide), angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi mazira a nkhumba omwe amatha kupanga ma cysts, chithandizo chidzadalira malo omwe chimakhalapo. Mankhwala a antiparasitic adzapatsidwa koma pangakhale koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala kuti athetse matenda ndi zovuta zowonongeka m'mbali zina za thupi.
Mawu Ochokera
Matenda ndi mitundu yambiri ya tapeworms amatha kusamalidwa ndi mankhwala. Chofunika ndikutenga matendawa ndikutsatiridwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kuti athetse kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza.
Kupewa ndichinthu chofunikira koma ndi zovuta mmadera omwe mulibe mwayi wopezera madzi abwino ndi malo oyeretsa. M'madera ena a dziko lotukuka, matenda a nkhumba zamatenda a nkhumba ndizomwe zimayambitsa mavuto osokoneza ubongo. Ku United States, matendawa sali wamba ndipo ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kwa anthu othawa kwawo kapena kwa anthu omwe amakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi ziweto zamtundu uliwonse.
> Zotsatira:
> Global Health - Gawo la Matenda a Pachirombo. "Diphyllobothrium > latum > (ndi mitundu ina) Mafunso." Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 10 Jan 2012.
> Global Health - Gawo la Matenda a Pachirombo. "Taeniasis FAQs". Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 10 Jan 2013.
> Pearson R. "Taenia Solium (Pork Tapeworm) Kuteteza ndi Kuchepetsa Matenda." Merck Manual Professional Edition Mu Aug 2016.
> Zolemba Zopanga Zolemba. "Praziquantel - Chidule cha Mankhwala." PDR, LLC. 2018
> US Department of Health and Human Services. "Chakudya Chosatetezedwa Kugwira Ntchito: Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa." US Food and Drug Administration 30 Nov 2017.