Matenda omwe ali ndi tapeworms ndi owopsa kudya kapena kudya nsomba
Matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi tapeworms, omwe amatchedwanso taeniasis, amachokera ku kudya kosaphika kapena nyama yaiwisi, nkhumba, kapena nsomba. Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe sichidziwika kwambiri ndi pamene munthu wodwala matendawa amapatsira matendawa kwa ena. Izi zikhoza kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, posasamba manja bwinobwino mutapita ku bafa ndikuphika chakudya. Anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi zinyama kapena nyama zaufulu komanso / kapena kukhala ndi ukhondo wabwino amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochulukitsa matenda opopa matepi.
Matenda a tapeworm amapezeka kwambiri m'mayiko osauka kumene malo osowa zakudya ndi osauka ndipo anthu amadya zakudya zopanda chotupa. Choncho, kupita kumadera amenewa ndi chinthu china choopsa, ndipo kuchiza matendawa pambuyo poti ndiwunikiridwe n'kofunika kuti tipewe kufalikira.
Mmene Kutengera Kumayambira
Mitundu ya tapeworms nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa ndi nyama yomwe amachiza: Taenia saginata (tapeworm yam'nyama ), Taenia solium ( taporoorm ya nkhumba), ndi Taenia asiatica (tapeworm ya Asia, yomwe imathandizanso nkhumba). Diphyllobothrium latum ndi mtundu wa tapeworm wamtunduwu umene umakhudza nsomba zamadzi. Ku United States, kutumiza nkhumba za nkhumba ( T solium) ndiko kudetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri pakati pa anthu obwera kumene. Kutenga ndi tapeworm iyi kungayambitse matenda aakulu a ubongo wotchedwa neurocysticercosis.
Tapeworms amayamba ulendo wawo wa moyo monga dzira. Mazira amatha kukhala kunja kwa anthu kapena nyama kwa masiku kapena miyezi ndipo akhoza kuipitsa chakudya kapena zomera zomwe zikhoza kudyedwa ndi ziweto (nkhumba kapena ng'ombe).
Mazira amathyola mkati mwa chinyama ndipo kenako matepi aang'ono (cysticerci) amachoka m'matumbo kupita minofu ya minofu.
Cysticerci ikhoza kupulumuka minofu ya nyama kwa zaka zambiri. Ngati chinyama chimakololedwa ndi kudyedwa ndi anthu popanda kuphikidwa kuti ziphe tapeworms, cysticerci yodyedwa ikhoza kukhala mumatumbo a munthu.
Zimatengera miyezi iwiri kuti cysticerci ikule ndikukhala mu tapeworm wamkulu pomwe ikukhala m'matumbo a munthu. Mphepete yamakono akuluakulu amatha kumanga khola laling'ono ndipo akhoza kukhala kumeneko kwa zaka zambiri (malinga ndi zaka 30). Nthano yamakono akuluakulu imapanga mapulaneti, omwe ndi gawo la mphutsi yomwe ili ndi ziwalo zobereka amuna ndi akazi. The proglottids amatenga mazira ndi kusiya mbozi yawo, yomwe imakhalabe m'mimba. Nyongolotsi yapakati imadutsa m'dongosolo la m'mimba komanso kunja kwa anus ndi kayendedwe kake.
Atachoka m'thupi ndi chophimba, mazira a tapeworm amamasulidwa, komwe angatengeke ndi nyama kapena munthu wina, kuyambanso ntchitoyo.
Kutengera Kwa Nyama
Njira yaikulu yomwe anthu angathe kugwiritsira ntchito tapeworm ndi kudya nyama, nkhumba, kapena nsomba zomwe zili ndi tapeworms. Ngati chinyama chija chitenga kachilombo nyamayo idzakhala ndi lava kapena mazira.
Pamene kuphika bwino ndi / kapena nyama yozizira ikhoza kupha makapu, pamene nyama yodulidwa imakhala ndi kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiyo njira yabwino yonyamula. Zakudya zophika bwino zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chakuti chimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma nyama yaiwisi, nkhuku, ndi nsomba zimabwera popanda chitetezo chotere ndikudya.
Nsomba Zosweka
Mitundu yambiri yomwe imayambitsa nsomba imapezeka kawirikawiri m'madzi amchere monga salimoni, mbozi, nsomba, ndi pike. Nsomba zomwe zimasungunuka, kusuta, kapena "mchere wambiri" sizikhoza kuphikidwa kapena kuchitidwa m'njira imene idzapha matepiwa. Kutenga ndi mtundu uwu wa tapeworm umapezeka kwambiri mu nsomba zochokera kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Kudya Pamene Mukuyenda
Kuyenda kumayiko osauka kungapangitse alendo kuyenda pangozi chifukwa choti matendawa ndi ofala kunja kwa United States. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nsomba ndi nyama zikuphikidwa bwino komanso kuti zakudya zina (ngakhale zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba) zimakonzedwa ndi madzi otentha kapena amachiritsidwa kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kwanu, pewani mbale.
Kutengera Kwa Anthu
Anthu angathenso kutenga kachilombo ka tapeworms kudzera mwa anthu ena, ngakhale izi sizikufala. Munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kupitirira mazira kuchokera ku tapeworm m'mabedi awo. Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka atakhudza chovala chawo pamatumbo, tapeworm mazira akhoza kuwombera manja ndikuwapititsa kumalo ena kapena chakudya.
Kusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi ofunda kungathe kuchotsa mazira, koma ngati munthu wodwala alibe (kapena sangakwanitse) kuchita zimenezo atapita ku bafa, akhoza kufalitsa mazira kwa anthu ena.
Kupewa
Mungathe kutenga masitepe kuti muphe tapeworms ngati mumayimitsa bwino ndikuphika chakudya chanu.
Zakudya
Zakudya zophika bwino ndi kuzizira pamtentha woyenera zingathandize kupha ma tapeworms aliwonse amene angakhale nawo. Nyama iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka likulu silikhala la pinki ndipo timadziti timathamanga bwino. Komanso, kulola nyama kupuma kwa mphindi zitatu musanatumikire kungathandizenso kupha ma tapeworms alionse chifukwa nyama ikupitiriza kuphika pamene ikupumula.
A FDA amalimbikitsa izi:
- Nyama yozizira kapena nkhumba ku-madigiri madigiri -20 C kwa masiku 7
- Kuphika nyama ndi nkhuku kuti zikhale ndi kutentha kwa mkati mwa madigiri osachepera 160 C (71 madigiri C)
- Kuphika kudulidwa kwathunthu kwa nyama mpaka kutentha kwa mkati mwake pafupifupi madigiri 145 F (pafupifupi madigiri 63 C)
Nsomba
Nsomba ziyenera kuphikidwa mpaka zikhale zovuta ndipo ndizolimba. The FDA amalimbikitsa kuti nsomba ayenera kuphikidwa kuti kutentha mkati 145 digiri (pafupifupi 63 digiri C). Kutentha kwa madigiri-madigiri -20 digrii (masentimita 20) pa sabata (masiku asanu ndi awiri) kudzaphanso ma tapeworms. Kutentha kwapafupi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayifupi kuti iphe tapeworms, kuphatikizapo:
- Kusungunuka mpaka kulemera madigiri -35 ° (madigiri -35 digiri) kapena pansipa, ndikusungira kutentha kapena pansi kwa maola 15
- Kusungunuka mpaka kulemera madigiri-madigiri -35 (madigiri -35 digiri) ndikusungira maola 24 pa madigiri -20 ° C
> Zotsatira:
> Global Health - Gawo la Matenda a Pachirombo. "Diphyllobothrium latum (ndi mitundu ina) Mafunso." Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 10 Jan 2012.
> Global Health - Gawo la Matenda a Pachirombo. "Taeniasis FAQs". Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 10 Jan 2013.
> Global Health - Gawo la Matenda a Pachirombo. "Taeniasis Biology." Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 10 Jan 2013.
> US Department of Health and Human Services. "Chakudya Chosatetezedwa Kugwira Ntchito: Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa." US Food and Drug Administration 30 Nov 2017.