Mononucleosis (mono) ndi matenda a tizilombo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Zizindikiro zosiyana siyana m'magulu amenewo ndi zilonda zam'mimba, malungo, kutsekemera kwa khosi, mapeyala okulitsa, ndi kutopa. Kwa ana aang'ono, pangakhale zizindikiro zochepa chabe kapena palibe. Akulu achikulire amatha kukhala ndi jaundice ndipo sangakhale ndi pakhosi kapena zozizira.
Zimakhala zachilendo kuti anthu akhale ndi zizindikiro zosiyana siyana zomwe zimakhala zochepa mpaka zochepa.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Nthawi yopangira makina a mono ndi pafupi masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti inu kapena mwana wanu simungakhale ndi zizindikiro mpaka mwezi umodzi mutatha kulandira munthu wina ali ndi kachilomboka. Kwa ana ambiri komanso achinyamata, mononucleosis imayamba pang'onopang'ono ndi masiku atatu kapena asanu a zizindikiro zowawa monga mutu, malaise, ndi kutopa .
Zizindikiro zamakono za mono ndiye zimatsatira:
- Pakhosi lopweteka kwambiri
- Nsalu zofiira, zotupa zomwe zimapezeka pus
- Kutupa mitsempha ya mitsempha (lymphadenopathy) m'khosi ndi m'mimba, komanso imatha kuphulika
- Chiwombankhanga chapamwamba kuposa madigiri 104 mpaka madigiri 105 omwe amathera umodzi mpaka masabata awiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha madzulo kapena madzulo
- Anapitiriza malaise ndi kutopa, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa
- Mitundu ya Achy ndi mutu
- Mtundu umene uli wofiira ndi wamatsenga, womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri atalandira mankhwala opha tizilombo
Kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro, momwe iwo aliri okhwima, ndi kutalika kwake komwe amatha kumasiyana mosiyana ndi munthu. Mwana wamng'ono, wochepa kwambiri ndipo afikitse matendawa. Ana aang'ono angakhale ndi zizindikiro zochepa chabe, zofatsa zimene zimatha masiku angapo chabe. Achinyamata ndi achinyamata, mono ndi otchuka kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri maphunzirowa ndi masabata awiri kapena anai m'gulu la zaka zimenezo.
Zizindikiro zina, monga kutopa, zimatha milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Zizindikiro Zambiri
Zizindikiro zochepa za mononucleosis zimapweteka m'mimba, chifuwa, kupuma kwafupipafupi, kuthamanga kwa mtima, ming'oma, kuuma kwa khosi, kupsinjika, ndi kuzindikira kuunika. Matenda otupa kapena otenthedwa amatha kukhalanso.
Nkhungu yotambasulidwa (splenomegaly) kapena chiwindi ikhoza kukula pambuyo pa milungu iwiri kapena itatu ya matenda. Kukulitsa kwa nthata kumawonekera pafupi theka la milandu nthawi ina pa matenda. Jaundice, yomwe imayambitsa chikasu kumaso ndi khungu la maso, ndi chizindikiro cha kuloŵerera kwa chiwindi.
Ana Aang'ono
Ana achichepere kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri zochepa za mononucleosis poyerekeza ndi achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Mwana wakhanda sangakhale ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zochepa. Ana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mono angakhale okhumudwa pang'ono ndipo amachepetsa kudya. Komanso, akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zozizira kupuma , monga chifuwa, mphuno, kapena malungo .
Ana ena ali ndi vuto lachilendo kapena lachilendo la mono-mwachitsanzo, amakhala ndi vuto lokulitsa koma alibe pakhosi kapena malungo. Kapena zizindikiro zokha zomwe ali nazo ndizopweteka kapena malungo. Mulimonsemo, wina amadziwitse zizindikirozi mwina chifukwa cha mono ndikuti amakhala nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe zimawonekera.
Simungadziwe kuti mwana ali ndi mono pokhapokha atayesedwa magazi omwe amasonyeza kuti ali ndi atypical lymphocytosis kapena antibodies omwe amasonyeza mono. Pambuyo pa moyo, mayesero abwino a kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (EBV) amatha kufotokozera kachilombo ka HIV. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti palibe mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa chifukwa cha mononucleosis kupatulapo kuchotsa zizindikiro, kotero panalibe mwayi wopita kuchipatala.
Okalamba Achikulire (40 ndi Achikulire)
Okalamba achikulire nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kuti malungo amakhala otalika kuposa masabata awiri ndipo sangasonyeze zizindikiro zina zomwe zimawoneka za zilonda zotupa ndi pakhosi. Zizindikiro zawo zimatha kupitirira.
Iwo amakhala ndi zizindikiro za jaundice ndi ma laboni omwe amasonyeza kuti ali ndi chiŵerengero cha bilirubin ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi ndi chiwerengero chawo choyera cha magazi sichidzakwera kapena kuwonetsa ma lymphocytes ambiri omwe amawoneka kwa achinyamata.
Mavuto
Mavuto a mono akhoza kukula ndipo akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Amaphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
- Kuchepa kwa magazi: Mono ikhoza kuwonetsa maselo anu ofiira akufa ndikuchotsedwa m'magazi anu ndi ntchentche msanga kuposa mwachibadwa. Mphuno wanu sungathe kupitiriza kubwereka kwachangu mofulumira, kuchititsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
- Kuchepa kwa chiwindi ndi kupweteka kwa chifuwa: Kutupa ndi kukulitsa chiwindi ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mono omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 35. Kuchita nawo chiwindi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofatsa, koma simuyenera kumwa mowa pamene muli ndi zizindikiro za mono chifukwa cha izi.
- Ruptured spleen: Mphuno imakula chifukwa cha mono ndipo, ngakhale yosawerengeka, ikhoza kutuluka-chodzidzimutsa chomwe chingayambitse kuthamanga, komwe kumayambitsa magazi mkati mwake. Ndikofunika kuti mupewe masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ntchito zovuta pamene muli ndi mono, chifukwa angayambitse vutoli. Nkhumba sifunika kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, koma mutha kutenga kachilombo ka Streptococcus pneumoniae ndi majeremusi ena ngati achotsedwa.
- Mavuto a mitsempha : Ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, dongosolo lamanjenje likhoza kuthandizidwa ndi mono. Mavuto okhudzana ndi matendawa ndi Guillain-Barre matenda, kupweteka, kupweteka kwa matenda, ndi kudwala kwa Bell.
- Matenda a Fulminant EBV: Siwowonjezeka, koma anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV, matenda opatsirana pogonana, kapenanso matenda a X-linked liymphoproliferative akhoza kutenga EBV matenda osatetezeka ndikufa ndi mononucleosis.
- Kutupa kwa mtima : Ambiri (ngakhale kuti sali osowa) mtima kumagwirizana ndi mono ndi kutupa kwa thumba pamtima, komwe kumatchedwa pericarditis. Izi zingayambitse matenda opatsirana pogonana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathenso kutengera minofu ya mtima ndikupangitsa myocarditis.
Palinso mavuto enieni omwe muyenera kudziwa ndi magulu ena a anthu:
Ana
Kupewera kwapansi pa matani okulitsa ndi kotheka kwa ana aang'ono ndipo kungafunike kuti anthu azikhala m'chipatala. Katswiri wanu wamankhwala angachititse kuti zizindikiro za mononucleosis zikhale ndi matenda a bakiteriya (monga strep throat) ndi kuika antibiotic, monga ampicillin, amoxicillin, kapena antibiotic monga antibiotic. Maantibayotiki awa sagwira ntchito chifukwa mono ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Komanso, nthawi zina ana amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwalawa.
Azimayi ndi Amayi Omwe Amamatira
Matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsidwa ndi Epstein-Barr tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawoneka kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pokhapokha atakhala ndi pakati, ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana koyambirira ndi kulemera kochepa. Mayi woyembekeza ndi mono ayenera kusamala kuti akhalebe hydrated. Kutentha kwakukulu kungawonjezere chiopsezo kwa mwana, ndipo Tylenol (acetaminophen) imakonda kuchepetsa kutentha thupi.
Akazi ena ayambiranso EBV panthawi yoyembekezera. N'zotheka kuti Epstein-Barr aperekedwe kwa mwana wakhanda atabadwa. Komabe, makanda nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi zizindikiro pamene ali ndi matenda a EBV, kotero izi siziri za thanzi. Mkaka wa m'mawere ukhoza kukhala ndi kachilomboka, koma siziwonekeratu ngati izi zingathe kubweretsa matenda m'mwana.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala mukakhala ndi zizindikiro za mononucleosis kuti mupeze matenda ndi matenda ena omwe angakhale ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana. Musadalire kudzidziŵa nokha.
Kuwonjezera pa EBV, mavairasi ena akhoza kubweretsa zizindikiro za mono . Izi zimaphatikizapo cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, kachilombo ka HIV kamene imatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV, rubella, hepatitis A, ndi human herpesvirus-6. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Toxoplasma gondii ingayambitsenso zizindikiro monga mono. Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mungatenge mimba, ena mwa matendawa akhoza kukhala pangozi kwa inu kapena mwana wanu. Mutha kupatsidwa mayesero ambiri kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu za mono.
Mukapeza kuti mutha kulandira matenda ena omwe amafunika kuchipatala. Mutha kupeza mzere pamphuno pamwamba pa mono, mwachitsanzo. Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi ululu waukulu, omwe akuchedwa, kapena zotupa zomwe zimakuvutitsani kupuma kapena kuzimeza, muwone dokotala wanu. Mphuno yamphongo ikhoza kupezedwa ndi mayeso ofulumira. Mankhwala oletsa antibiotics amafunika kuchiza mzere wa mmimba ndikupewa mavuto. Muyeneranso kuona dokotala ngati pali vuto lililonse lopuma chifukwa cha matani okulitsa.
Zizindikiro za phokoso lophulika limaphatikizapo kupweteka kwadzidzidzi, kwapathupi pamimba kumtunda kumanzere. Muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga ndipo ndikoyenera kuyitana 9-1-1. Mphuno yotupa kawirikawiri imafuna kuikidwa magazi ndi opaleshoni ya splenectomy kuchotsa nthata ndikusiya kutuluka mkati.
Zizindikiro za mono zimakhala bwino pakapita masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Ngati akupitiriza, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu monga momwe mungathere, pokhala ndi vuto losiyana. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchita mayeso ena kuti adziwe chifukwa cha zizindikiro zanu.
Chitsime:
> Epstein-Barr Virus ndi Infectious Mononucleosis. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono.html.
> Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ndi Infectious Mononucleosis. Bungwe la American Pregnancy Association. http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/epstein-barr-virus-ebv-infectious-mononucleosis/.
> Mononucleosis. Clinical Cleveland. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13974-mononucleosis.
> Kaye KM. Infectious Mononucleosis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/infectious-mononucleosis.
> Womack J, Jimenez M. Mafunso Omwe Amakhudzana ndi Matenda Ogonjetsa Amagazi. American Family Physician . 2015 Mar 15; 91 (6): 372-376.