Toxoplasmosis si matenda omwe timamva zambiri zokhudza, koma imodzi yomwe idzakhudze pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu khumi ndi awiri a ku America nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Zizindikiro za toxoplasmosis zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kwa minofu, kutentha thupi, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, ndi kutupa kwa maselo a mitsempha, nthawi zina kwa milungu ingapo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, padzakhala zizindikiro zochepa zowopsa za matenda.
Nthendayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri ikaperekedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi pakati kapena pamene ikupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV . Pazochitika zonsezi, Toxoplasma gondii, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amatha kuvulaza kwambiri ubongo, maso, mapapo, ndi ziwalo zina zazikulu. Mu chiwerengero cha anthuwa, ngati sichilankhulidwa, toxoplasmosis ikhoza kufooketsa thupi komanso m'maganizo mwinanso imfa.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi machitidwe a chitetezo cha thupi , pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya matenda a toxoplasmosis adzakhala osasintha (popanda zizindikiro). Choncho, anthu ambiri sadziwa ngakhale kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ngati zizindikiro zovuta zikuwonekera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zingaphatikizepo:
- Kutentha kwapafupi (pansi pa 100.4 o F)
- Mutu
- Kutopa
- Kutupa ma lymph nodes ( lymphadenopathy )
- Minofu yamphongo (myalgia)
- Kumverera kwakukulu kwa kusagwirizana (malaise)
Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro sizikhala zovuta kwambiri, nthawi zina zimatha kupitirira masabata pamapeto.
Komanso, chifukwa zizindikiro siziri zenizeni, amatha kulakwa mosavuta chifukwa cha matenda ena, monga chimfine , matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis , kapena matenda a Lyme . Ngakhale kuti mankhwala oopsa a toxoplasmosis amatha kusiyanitsa pamlingo winawake chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zizindikiro zina (monga chifuwa, pakhosi, kapena kupweteka), zimangotsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi kapena kusanthula kaperesi yamadzi kapena mankhwala.
Kamodzi kachilombo kachitika, chitetezo cha mthupi chidzabweretsa pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatha kusunthira m'thupi lomwe limatulutsa khungu, lotchedwa bradyzoite, kumbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi (kuphatikizapo ubongo, mtima, maso, chiwindi, ndi mapapo). Pokhapokha chitetezo cha mthupi chitasokonezeka, ma bradyzoites akhoza kukhala mudziko lachilendo kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Zizindikiro Zokonzeka
Pamene T. gondii amafalitsidwa ndi zakudya zowonongeka kapena mwachindunji wothandizana ndi mkaka, amatha kuperekanso kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi mimba.
Matendawa, omwe amadziwika kuti congenital toxoplasmosis, amakhudza pafupifupi mmodzi mwa amayi 10,000 alionse m'mimba ku United States, malinga ndi lipoti la Komiti ya American Academy of Pediatric's Infectious Diseases. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amayi amayamba kutenga kachilomboka panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, ena akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kubwezeretsa kachilombo ka HIV (nthawi zambiri amayi omwe ali ndi HIV).
Kuopsa kwa Zofooka za Kubadwa
Ngakhale kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka T. gondii chimawonjezeka panthawi yotsiriza ya mimba, kuvulaza kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka zitatu zoyambirira. Izi ndi pamene maselo a fetal amayamba kuyamba kudziwika ndikukhala maselo a ubongo, mtima, ndi ziwalo zina.
Kuwonongeka pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko kungakhale koopsa. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala ndi vuto lobadwa losayembekezereka lomwe limadziwika kuti microcephaly (limene mwana amabadwa ali ndi mutu wochepa komanso ubongo) komanso macrocephaly (kumene mwana wabadwa amabadwa ndi mutu waukulu komanso ubongo).
Zizindikiro Zodziwika
Toxoplasmosis yachitsulo ikhoza kuonjezeranso chiopsezo chotenga padera komanso kubereka. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya milandu idzabweretsa msinkhu msinkhu ndi kulemera kwake kochepa, nthawi zambiri pamene mwanayo ali ndi kachilombo kaye sabata la makumi awiri ndi awiri.
Ana omwe ali ndi toxoplasmosis oopsa amakhala ndi zizindikiro pakubereka kapena kuwalimbikitsa mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyamba ya moyo.
Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zidzakhudzana ndi mavuto atatu omwe amapezeka m'matenda oopsa, kuphatikizapo hydrocephalus ("madzi pa ubongo"), chorioretinitis (kutupa kwa choroid ndi retina ya diso), ndi kuwerengera kosakwanira (calcium yosadziwika bwino mu ubongo chifukwa cha matenda).
Zizindikiro zingakhale monga:
- Jaundice (khungu la khungu ndi maso)
- Kuthamanga
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kudyetsa mavuto, kuphatikizapo vuto lomeza ( dysphagia )
- Kusokoneza maganizo ndi masomphenya
- Kumva kutayika
- Matenda a kulankhula ( dysarthria )
- Vuto la kuyenda, kugwirizanitsa, ndi luso lamagetsi
- Kuchedwa kuchedwa
- Kulumala kwaumwini (wofatsa mpaka wovuta)
- Kugonjetsa
Mavuto mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
Toxoplasmosis sichimawakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zolimbana ndi matenda. Ndipamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokonekera kuti ziwoneka zoopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale izi zikhoza kuchitika kwa othandizira ammimba kapena anthu omwe akudwala matenda a khansa (magulu onse omwe amachiza mankhwala okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi), gulu lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi omwe amapezeka ndi AIDS .
Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
AIDS imatanthauzidwa ngati siteji ya kachilombo ka HIV komwe munthu ali ndi CD4 T-maselo osachepera 200 (mtundu wamagazi woyera wa chitetezo cha mthupi). Momwemonso, chikhalidwe chofanana ndi toxoplasmic encephalitis (toxoplasmosis ya ubongo) chimatengedwa ngati Edzi-kufotokozera , monga momwe sikunali kuwonera kunja kwa matenda a Edzi.
Ubongo ndilo liwalo lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri pamene T. gondii akukhazikitsanso. Ndi malo omwe bradyzoites amangowonjezereka koma amapitirira, nthawi zambiri pa nthawi ya moyo. Popanda chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiteteze, ubongo ndi dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha likhoza kukhala loopsya ndipo nthawi zina limakhala lovulazidwa mosavuta.
Zizindikiro za toxoplasmic encephalitis zikuphatikizapo:
- Mutu
- Fever
- Kufooka kwa minofu
- Kusokonezeka
- Mavuto a kulankhula ndi kukumbukira
- Kugonjetsa
- Kusintha kwa umunthu
- Dementia
- Schizophrenia
- Coma
Matenda Ena Matenda
Ubongo siwo wokha womwe ungakhudzidwe ndi toxoplasmosis. Ngati T. gondii akugwiritsanso ntchito diso (toxoplasmosis), amatha kupweteketsa, kupweteka, kupweteka kwa maso, kuvulaza kwambiri, malo opunduka ( scotomas ), ndi kuunika kowala kwambiri.
Kukhazikitsanso m'mapapo (pulmonary toxoplasmosis) kungasonyeze ndi malungo, mpweya wochepa ( dyspnea ), kupuma, chifuwa, ndi chifuwa chosapindulitsa.
Ngati osatulutsidwa, toxoplasmosis kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku imfa.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Popeza anthu ambiri sakudziwa kuti ali ndi toxoplasmosis, sangafunefune chisamaliro, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichidzafunikira.
Komabe, ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda omwe alipo, muwone dokotala kuti mudziwe ngati mwana wanu watenga kachilomboka. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi amniocenteis (momwe singano imagwiritsidwira ntchito kuchotsa madzi kuchokera ku amniotic sac kuti ayang'ane matenda) kapena ultrasound (kuti muone ngati zizindikiro monga hydrocephalus).
Ngati matenda ovomerezeka atulandilidwa, mudzatumizidwa maantibayotiki nthawi ina pa trimester yachiwiri kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mwana wanu wa mavuto. Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mukhoza kuyamba kale.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Mafinya - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Infection)." Atlanta, Georgia; July 10, 2014.
> Lee, S. ndi Lee. T. "Encephalitis ya Toxoplasmic Patient ndi Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . 2017; 5 (1): 34-36. DOI: 10.1479 / btrt.2017.5.1.34.
> Maldonado, J. ndi Read, S. "Kuzindikira, Kuchiza, ndi Kuletsa Kugonana kwa Toxoplasmosis ku United States." Matenda. 2017; 139 (2): e20163860. DOI: 10.1542 / peds.2016-3860.
> McAuley, J. "Congenital Toxoplasmosis." J Wodwala Wopanda Matenda Akutetezeka. 2014; 3 (Suppl 1): S30- S35. DOI: 10.1093 / jpids / piu077.
> Park, Y. ndi Nam. H. "Zochitika Pachipatala ndi Chithandizo cha Ocular Toxoplasmosis." Korea J Parasitol. 2013; 51 (4): 393-399. DOI: 10.3357 / kjp.2013.51.4.393.