Pali zowonjezera katemera wotchuka kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi HIV . Ngakhale kuti malangizidwewa ali ofanana ndi omwe alibe omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, nthawi zina kachilombo ka HIV kangachepetse mphamvu zina za katemera, makamaka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndipo, monga choncho, angafunike kusintha kwa mlingo kapena zinthu zina.
Monga lamulo la thumbu, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sayenera kutetezedwa ndi katemera wodwalayo.
Izi ndi katemera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kamene kamayambitsa matenda. Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndichoti ngakhale kachilombo kofooka kamene kangayambitse matenda mwa iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu choteteza mthupi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, katemera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (kapena "kupha") sakuyimira ngozi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Pali zosiyana, komabe ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yowonongeka yoteteza mthupi, nthawi zambiri amauza kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana amawasankhidwa pazomwe mungasankhe. Mwachitsanzo, mafuti a chimfine amavomereza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi (chifukwa chakuti amagwidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV); sprays monga mafupa sali (pamene amapereka kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa).
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pamene majekeseni ena ali ovomerezeka kwa anthu onse akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ena amalangizidwa okhawo omwe amawopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda ena, mwina chifukwa cha kuyenda, zaka, kapena kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV.
Ndipo, mofanana ndi mayesero a labwino ndi mitundu yonse ya chidziwitso cha zachipatala, ndi bwino kuti mupitirizebe kutengera zolemba zanu za katemera pamalo otetezeka.
Katemera Ovomerezeka kwa Achikulire Omwe Ali Ndi HIV, Zaka 18 Kapena Zakale
| Mtundu wa katemera | Mlingo | Malangizo |
Hepatitis A (HAV) | Mndandanda wa ma dosi awiri woperekedwa kwa nthawi imodzi kapena 1.5 chaka | Analangizidwa kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) , ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (IDUs), anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi, komanso anthu omwe amayenda kumadera ena apadziko lapansi omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HAV (milungu iwiri kapena inayi isanayambe kuchoka). |
Hepatitis B (HBV) | Mndandanda wa miyezi iwiri, itatu, kapena inayi pa nthawi ya miyezi inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi | Ovomerezedwa kwa onse akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pokhapokha pali umboni wa chitetezo (kale matenda) kapena matenda opatsirana. Mayeso a magazi ayenera kuchitidwa patatha katemera kuti azindikire kuti HBV antibody response yankho . Ngati simukutero, mungafunike kuwombera zina. |
Mndandanda wa madola atatu pa mwezi umodzi kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuposa chaka chimodzi | Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwazofuna mavitamini onse a HAV ndi HBV. | |
Haemophilus Influenzae mtundu B (HiB) | Mfuti imodzi | Mungaganizidwe kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha m'magulu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa (kuphatikizapo bacterial meningitis). Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu kapena wothandizira zaumoyo. |
Mndandanda wa madola atatu pa nthawi ya mwezi umodzi | Analangizidwa kwa anyamata ali ndi zaka 21, atsikana omwe ali ndi zaka 26, amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), omwe ali ndi masewera olimbana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kupyolera mu zaka 26 ngati sakanatemera katemera aliwonse. Osatonthozedwa pa nthawi ya mimba. | |
Mlingo umodzi pachaka | Ovomerezedwa kwa onse akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ngakhale kuti katemera odwala matenda a chimfine ayenera kuperekedwa. Pewani katemera wa mphutsi wamphongo. | |
Mfuti imodzi kapena ziwiri | Aperekedwa kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi CD4 chiwerengero cha maselo 200 / mL. Sichifunikira kwa anthu omwe anabadwa chaka cha 1957 chisanakhale. Analangizidwa kwa ophunzira a ku koleji kapena anthu oyendayenda kumadera ena apadziko lapansi omwe awonjezera kuchuluka kwa matendawa odwala matendawa (kuphatikizapo meningococcal meningitis). Ayenera kubwereza zaka zisanu ngati akadali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda. | |
Pneumococcal (chibayo cha chibayo) | Mfuti imodzi kapena ziwiri | Ovomerezedwa kwa onse akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atangotenga kachirombo ka HIV atapezeka, pokhapokha ngati katemera wachitika patatha zaka zisanu. Ngati katemera waperekedwa pamene CD4 ya munthuyo ili pansi pa 200 maselo / mL, katani kachilombo kamodzi kachiwerengero ka CD4 kakaposa 200 maselo / mL. Bwerezani nthawi imodzi pambuyo pa zaka zisanu. |
Mfuti imodzi | Bwerezani zaka 10 zilizonse. | |
Tetanus, Diphtheria, ndi Pertussis (Tdap) | Mfuti imodzi | Ovomerezedwa kwa onse akuluakulu azaka 64 kapena ochepa ndipo ayenera kuperekedwa m'malo mwa Td nyota yotsatila. Angaperekedwe pakangopita zaka ziwiri kuchokera kumapeto kwa Td wopititsa patsogolo ogwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi ana osapitirira miyezi 12. |
Mndandanda wa madola awiri pa masabata anai mpaka asanu ndi atatu | Aperekedwa kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi CD4 chiwerengero cha maselo 200 / mL. Sikufunikira kuti munthu aliyense asanabadwe asanamwalire 1980. Osakondedwa pa nthawi ya mimba. Monga katemera wotetezeka, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi CD4 chiwerengero pansi pa maselo 200 // mL. |
> Zotsatira:
> Dipatimenti ya US Health and Human Services (DHHS). "Analimbikitsa Katemera Wachilombo ka HIV Wokwanira." Washington, DC; July 1, 2014.
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Chiwindi cha Chiwindi A Mafunso kwa Odziwa Zaumoyo." Atlanta, Georgia; July 8, 2014.
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Kupewa ndi Kuteteza Haemophilus influenzae Mtundu b Matenda: Malangizo a Komiti Yopereka Malangizo Omwe Amapewa Katemera (ACIP)." Kufa ndi Kukhumudwitsa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). February 28, 2014; 63 (RR01): 1-14.
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "HPV Vaccines." Atlanta, Georgia; July 8, 2014.
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Zowonjezera Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito Katemera wa Meningococcal Conjugate. Komiti Yowunikira Zopangira Katemera (ACIP), 2010." Kufa ndi Kukhumudwitsa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). January 28, 2011; 60 (03): 72-76.