Chickenpox imakhudza kwambiri ndipo ikhoza kufalikira mwa kukhudzana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo, komanso kupyolera m'mapweya opumira (mpweya womwe umatuluka mumlengalenga pamene wina akuwombera kapena akutsokomola). Kutenga njira zothetsera chiyanjano ndi anthu omwe ali ndi nkhuku ndizothandiza potsata chitetezo, koma njira yokhayo yotsimikizika yotetezera katemera wa varicella omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa apeze katemera wa nkhuku.
Pewani
Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amawopsa kwa masiku amodzi kapena awiri asanakhale ndi ziphuphu, ndizotheka kuwonetsedwa kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi nkhuku asanamadziwe kuti akudwala. Zikatero, palibe chodziwikiratu chomwe mungachite pochepetsa kuchepa kwanu-ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse ndibwino kutsata njira zowononga kuti mupewe matenda ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kachilombo, monga kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri.
Pankhani yowononga kachilombo ka nkhuku pamene mukudziwa kuti ikuyendayenda ndipo simunayambe katemerapo, palinso zowonjezereka zomwe mungachite:
- Khalani kutali ndi anthu omwe akudwala ndi nkhuku kapena shingles, ngati n'kotheka.
- Valani magolovesi osataya, osagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandizira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu kapena malo omwe mwina ali ndi kachilomboka.
- Pa sitima zoyendetsa sitimayi, anthu omwe ali ndi nkhuku nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa kuvala manja ndi mathalauza yaitali kuti achepetse chiwerengero cha mabelter omwe anthu ena angakhale nawo. Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pamene mukuveketsa mwana yemwe ali ndi nkhuku.
- Taganizirani kukhazikitsa "chipinda chodwalitsa" chokwanira kwa munthu wina m'banja yemwe ali ndi nkhuku-malo abwino omwe angapume popanda kudziona kuti ali kutali ndi wina aliyense.
- Osagawana zikho, mbale, kapena zida zodyera ndi wachibale wodwala. Sambani zinthu zilizonse zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito muzitsamba zotentha kapena m'madzi otentha.
- Dzipetsani malo osalimba (zitsulo zazingwe, tiketi, etc.) ndi chovomerezedwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mavairasi. Chlorine bleach (mwa chiwerengero cha kotala kamodzi pambali imodzi ya madzi) idzachita chinyengo, koma njira zina zopanda bleach ndizobwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi njira zina monga bleach kapena hydrogen peroxide.
- Musampsompsone munthu yemwe ali ndi nkhuku: Kuwonekera mwachindunji ndi zotupa, makamaka zomwe sizinawonongeke, ndikuitanira ku matenda.
Katemera
Popeza katemera wa varicella unayambitsidwa mu 1995, pali ngozi yocheperako yodwala ndi nkhuku. Pali katemera pang'ono omwe alipo tsopano.
Varivax (varicella katemera amakhala) ndi njira yoyamba yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mlingo woyambirira waperekedwa kwa ana omwe ali pafupi ndi miyezi khumi ndi zisanu ndi imodzi (15) pa nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi katemera wosiyana, mapiritsi, ndi rubella (MMR). Mlingo wachiwiri wa Varivax wapatsidwa zaka 4 mpaka 6, mwina ndi mlingo wina wa MMR kapena ngati gawo la katemera wotchedwa ProQuad (MMRV).
Mphuno (herpes zoster) ikhoza kukhalapo pamene kachilombo ka varicella kamayambiranso zaka zotsatira za nkhuku yoyamba. Katemera pa izi ndi zofunika kuti atetezeke motsutsana ndi ming'oma, komanso nkhuku: Ngakhale kuti wina sangathe kudutsa ma shingles wokha, munthu amene ali ndi vutoli akhoza kutulutsa kachilomboka, zomwe zingayambitse nkhuku mwa anthu omwe sanamvepo kapena katemera.
Kwa akulu, pali majekesiti awiri omwe muyenera kuganizira. Amene amadziwa bwino kwambiri, Zostavax (zozizira katemera, kapena ZVL), amapatsidwa ngati mlingo umodzi pa zaka 60 kapena kuposa. Njira yatsopano, katemera wotchedwa Shingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine, kapena RZV) amawoneka ogwira mtima. Zapangidwira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu achikulire zaka 50 kapena kuposerapo. Amapatsidwa mndandanda wa ma dosi awiri, ndipo yachiwiri kuwombera amaperekedwa miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutatha.
Katemera opangidwa ndi kachilombo (Varivax, Zostavax) amakhala ndi moyo koma attenuated matembenuzidwe a varicella. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kachilomboka kamakhala kofooka kuposa zomwe mungapeze kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.
Vuto lochepa kwambirili limayambitsa maselo ndikumayambanso m'magazi, omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale ndi ma antibodies kuti amenyane nawo.
Kawirikawiri, matendawa samabweretsa zizindikiro. Ngati munthu wodwala katemera ali ndi nkhuku, matendawa ndi ofatsa 95 peresenti ya nthawiyo. Kutalika kwa nthawi ma antibodies amenewa amakhala ovuta, koma zikuwoneka kuti katemera amapereka chitetezo chokhalitsa.
Zotsatira za katemera wa nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kutentha pang'ono pa malo opatsirana katemera, komanso kuchepa pang'ono (katatu kapena zisanu zotupa) pamalo opatsirana.
Ndani ayenera kupeza katemera wa nkhuku?
Malingana ndi malo otsogolera odwala ndi kuteteza matenda, anthu wathanzi omwe sanakhalepo ndi nkhuku kapena adatemera kale katemera ayenera kulandira katemera malinga ndi zotsatirazi:
- Ana ayenera kupeza mlingo wa katemera wa nkhuku-woyamba pa miyezi 12 mpaka 15 ndipo yachiwiri pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6.
- Achinyamata (13 ndi akulu) komanso akuluakulu ayenera kutenga mlingo umodzi, masabata anayi kapena asanu okha.
Sitikudziwikanso kuti katemera wa varicella umateteza nthawi yaitali bwanji, koma kafukufuku wamakono amasonyeza kuti chitetezo chimatenga zaka 20.
Amene sayenera kupeza katemera wa nkhuku
Katemera wa nkhuku ndi wotetezeka komanso wogwira mtima, koma pali magulu angapo a anthu omwe sali otetezeka. Nazi mfundo zina:
- Anthu omwe akudwala, ngakhale moyenera, akamakonzekera kuwombera amayenera kudikira mpaka atachira.
- Azimayi ayenera kuyembekezera katemera wa nkhuku mpaka atabereka ana awo. Mofananamo, ndibwino kudikirira osachepera mwezi patatha kuwombera asanayambe kugona.
- Aliyense amene ali ndi HIV / Edzi kapena matenda ena omwe amakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi; wakhala akutenga mankhwala omwe amakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi, monga steroids, kwa milungu iwiri kapena kupitirira; ali ndi khansa iliyonse kapena akuchiritsidwa ndi khansa ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation sayenera kupeza chithandizo cha varicella popanda kuyang'ana ndi dokotala yemwe akuwachiza.
- Anthu omwe adayikidwa magazi kapena atapatsidwa mankhwala ena amodzi ayenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wawo za katemera asanalandire.
- Anthu omwe anaika moyo wawo pachiswe ku gelatin, neomycin antibiotic, kapena mlingo wam'mbuyo wa katemera wa nkhuku sayenera katemera kapena ayenera kuonana ndi adokotala poyamba.
Anthu ena amene katemerawa angakhale otetezeka bwino samasankha kudziwombera okha, akuganiza kuti ngati apitirira ndi kudwala adzalimbikitsidwa ndi matendawa nthawi imodzi ndipo sadzakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, chifukwa matupi awo adalenga chitetezo cha thupi. Mofananamo, m'mbuyomu, pakhala makolo omwe asankha kufotokoza ana awo ku HIV ya varicella pa zomwe zimatchedwa "maphwando a nkhuku".
Koma kufotokoza mwachidwi kwa varicella sizabwino kwa aliyense. Kamodzi kachilombo ka varicella kamaloledwa m'thupi, kamachoka, ngakhale zitatha zizindikiro zilizonse zimayambira kale. M'malo mwake, kachilombo kameneka kamakhala mu mitsempha ya mitsempha, komwe ikhoza kukhala yochuluka kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndipo kenako imakhalanso yogwira ntchito mofanana ndi matenda otchedwa shingles.
Mabomba amakhudza anthu 10 peresenti ya anthu oposa 60, malinga ndi CDC. Zimayambitsa kupweteka koopsa komwe kumakhala kowawa, kosavuta, komanso kosazindikira komanso komwe kungachoke kofiira. Zisonyezero zina za kumangirira zingakhale kuphweteka, kumvetsetsa, komanso malaise.
Chinthu ichi sichimasangalatsa kwambiri. Ngati simunakhalepo ndi nkhuku kapena muli ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, mumatha kuwaletsa mosavuta ndi kumangirira ndi zingwe ziwiri za singano.
Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Malangizo othandizira maulendo a Cruise pa Varicella (Chickenpox) Management. July 14, 2016.
> CDC. Nkhumba (Zofupa Zoster): Kuzipatala Mwachidule. Feb 21, 2018.
> CDC. Katemera wa Varicella Kupewa ndi Kuwunika. Apr 5, 2012.
> Bungwe la Chiteteza. Kukonza Green, Sanitizing, ndi Disinfecting: Katswiri Woyamwitsa Osamalitsa ndi Maphunziro . 2013.
> Medline Plus. Varicella (Chickenpox) Katemera. Oct 15, 2012.