Chickenpox ndi kachilombo kofala kwambiri kamene kamadziwika ndi kuthamanga kotentha komwe kumakhala ndi mitsempha yofiira, yamadzimadzi (pox) ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine. Ziphuphu zonse ndi zizindikiro zina nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala, ngakhale kuti mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angathe kuuzidwa. Mukaona kuti ndi matenda osatetezeka a ubwana, nkhuku yafala kwambiri chifukwa cha katemera wa nkhuku.
Ngakhale kuti nkhuku yoyamba imatha kuthetsa masiku angapo kapena masabata, kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa nkhuku sichimachoka mthupi ndipo imatha kubweranso pambuyo pa zaka zambiri kuti imayambitsa matenda opweteka otchedwa shingles akuluakulu.
Zizindikiro
Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri cha nkhuku ndi chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimapezeka pafupi masiku 14 kuchokera poonekera. Wopangidwa ndi mazana ambiri ofiira odzaza ndi madzi, nkhuku ya nkhuku yoyamba imayang'ana pamaso, khungu, ndi torso, kenako imafalikira m'manja ndi miyendo.
Chifukwa chickenpox ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, imayambitsa gulu la zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, kuphatikizapo chimfine, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutopa, zotupa, komanso malaise. Akuluakulu omwe amabwera ndi nkhuku amayamba kuwona zizindikiro izi poyamba, ndiyeno nkuyamba kukwera. Nthawi zambiri ana amatenga mawanga. "Milandu yowonongeka," zomwe zimachitika ngakhale katemera motsutsana ndi nkhuku, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu ndipo makamaka zimakhala zochepa.
Mavuto ochokera ku matenda a nkhuku si achilendo, ndipo amapezeka makamaka akuluakulu kuposa ana, koma akhoza kukhala ovuta. Matenda ena achiwiri omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha nkhuku ndi monga matenda a khungu, chibayo , encephalitis , ndi Reye's syndrome (zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya aspirin ana).
Chifukwa
Zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa nkhuku zimatchedwa varicella-zoster virus, kapena VZV.
Varicella ndi wachibale wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo alipo padziko lonse lapansi. Ndizowopsa kwambiri. Mukhoza kupeza nkhuku mosavuta pokhudzana ndi khungu la munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotha kupweteka kwambiri kapena kupuma mu kachilombo ka varicella pamene wina wodwala akuwombera kapena akutsokomola, kutumiza madontho amadzimadzi m'mlengalenga.
Kudziwa
Kafukufuku wa nkhuku kawirikawiri amachokera ku mbiri ya zizindikiro za mavairasi ndi maonekedwe a chiwombankhanga. Komabe, nthawi zina nkhuku ya nkhuku imatha kusokonezeka ndi herpes simplex, impetigo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena mphere.
Ngati pali funso lirilonse limene chiwombankhanga chimabwera chifukwa cha nkhuku, chikhalidwe cha tizilombo chingatengedwe. Komabe, zingatenge nthawi kuti zithetse zotsatira kusiyana ndi matendawa.
Chithandizo
Kwa anthu ena wathanzi, cholinga chochizira nkhuku ndikutulutsa zizindikiro. Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAID) monga ibuprofen kapena acetaminophen angathandize kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi komanso kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso kuchepa kwakukulu.
Kulimbana ndi kuthamanga kungakhale kovuta kwambiri, makamaka pankhani ya mwana wamng'ono yemwe ali ndi zovuta kuti asawombere khungu lawo. Mwamwayi, pali njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo:
- Akuwongolera mu kabati la madzi ofunda osakaniza ndi colloidal oatmeal kapena soda
- Kugwiritsa ntchito malungo a calamine mwachindunji kumabweretsa mabelters osokoneza
- Mankhwala a antihistamines monga Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
Ndikofunikira kuti ana azing'ono azikhala ochepa komanso oyera.
Nthawi zina ndizofunika kuchiza anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chodwala matenda a nkhuku, monga omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a mthupi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa VariZIG (varicella zoster immune globulin) angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kupewa
Chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka varicella kamakhala kofala kwambiri, njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ndiyo kuiwala: Khalani kutali ndi kusunga ana anu kapena anthu ena omwe amawasamalira kutali ndi aliyense amene ali ndi nkhuku.
Malingana ngati zotupa za munthu zimagwira ntchito-ndiko kuti, sanayambe kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa-iye akadalibe wodwala. Chickenpox imatengedwa kuti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku angapo kusanachitike .
Kwa anthu ambiri, njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera nkhuku ndi katemera wa varicella. Kupatulapo anthu ena, monga amayi omwe ali ndi mimba kapena anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, katemera ndi wotetezeka. Ndipotu, ndi mbali ya ndondomeko yolandirira katemera wa ana, pamodzi ndi zida za shuga, mawere, ndi matenda ena aakulu. Akulu omwe alibe chickenpox monga ana amakhalanso akulangizidwa kuti atenge katemera wa varicella.
Mawu Ochokera
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi anadwala ndi nkhuku chaka chilichonse, makumi ambiri adadwala mokwanira kupita kuchipatala, ndipo 100 mpaka 150 anamwalira, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Pambuyo poyambitsa katemera wa varicella mu 1995, chiwerengero cha milandu ya nkhuku ku United States chinachepera pafupifupi 90 peresenti pofika mu 2005, CDC ipoti.
Ngakhale zili choncho, m'malo mokhala ndi ana awo, makolo ena amasankha kutenga ana awo ku "maphwando a nkhuku" kuti athe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikukhala ndi chitetezo cha thupi. Vuto ndi chizoloŵezi chimenechi ndikutanthauza kuti mwana angadwalebe matenda omwe sankafunikira. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti ali ndi kachilombo ka varicella, akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga shingles ngati wamkulu.
Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kupeza nkhuku kapena katemera atalandira katemera wa varicella, milandu nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa yomwe imayamba mwa munthu amene sali ndi kachilomboka. Katemera amachepetsanso mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa, monga matenda a khungu, chibayo, ndi ataxia (kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka thupi).
Cholinga chololeza ana kuti apitirize kufalitsa matenda olepheretsa kwambiri amalepheretsanso katemera. Kuti matenda athetsedwe, anthu ambiri monga momwe angathere akuyenera kukhala osatetezeka. Ngati simukudziwa kuti mwana wanu adzalandira katemera, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe zomwe zingathandize banja lanu.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Nkhuku Pox (Varicella): Kuphulika." July 1, 2016.
> CDC. "Nkhuku Pox (Varicella): Kutumiza." July 1, 2016.
> Pergam, SA, Limaye, AP, ndi AST Infectious Diseases Community Practice. "Varicella Zoster Virus." Am J Kusindikiza. Dec 2009; 9 (Supppl 4): S108- # 115. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1600-6143.2009.02901.x.