Pakapita nthawi, kutentha thupi, kutsekemera, ndi zizindikiro zina za nkhuku (varicella) zimayamba kuoneka, kachilombo kaja kakakhala kale mu thupi la munthu kwa sabata kapena kuposa. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nthawi yowonjezera nthawi ya mavitamini ya varicella-nthawi yomwe munthu amakhalapo pamene wina akuwonekera ndipo pamene zizindikiro zimayamba kusonyeza-masiku khumi ndi limodzi, ndi 10 kufikira masiku 21.
Munthu amaonedwa kuti akulandira mankhwalawa kwa masiku awiri asanafike chiwombankhanga mpaka ataphulika.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Apo ayi, anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino omwe amadwala atatha kulandira varicella, amakhala ndi magulu a zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a tizilombo kuwonjezera pa kuthamanga kwa nkhuku. Kwa anthu ena, makamaka achikulire, zizindikiro zosazengereza zidzawoneka chisanachitike. Kwa ana, chiphuphu chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha nkhuku.
Zizindikiro Zosasintha
Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zimatha tsiku limodzi kapena ziwiri ndikuthawikanso ngati zikuwoneka. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Fever (kawirikawiri yofatsa, pafupifupi madigiri 102, ngakhale kuti ikhoza kufika kufika madigiri 105)
- Sungani
- Mutu
- Kutaya njala
- Zowawa m'mimba zochepa
- Kutupa kwa glands
Kumbukirani kuti munthu wodwala kachilombo ka varicella angathe kutenga kachilomboka m'masiku angapo ali ndi zizindikiro izi zisanachitike.
Chickenpox Rash
Kuthamanga kwa nkhuku nthawi zambiri kumawonekera koyamba pamtambo, khungu, ndi nkhope, ndiyeno kufalikira kumanja ndi miyendo. Kuthamanga komweko kungayambitse zilonda zam'mimba m'maso, pakamwa, ndi m'mimba (koma izi si zachilendo).
Tsitsi lililonse la nkhuku limayamba ngati mapulogalamu ofiira awiri mpaka 4mmmmmmmmmmmwombuluu, ndipo pamakhala mpanda wolimba kwambiri, wonyezimira wonyezimira wodzaza ndi mchere wambiri.
Nthaŵi zambiri mawonekedwewa amawoneka ngati akuwoneka ngati "mame akugwa." Pambuyo maola asanu ndi atatu kapena 12, madzi amtundu wa vesicle amakhala mitambo komanso mapulumukidwe, ndipo amasiya kutuluka.
Kachilombo kamodzi kathyoka pamwamba pake sichinthu chowoneka ngati cholandira. Kutumphuka nthawi zambiri kumagwa pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Komabe, ngati zikopa zakale zitha kutsika ndi kugwa, zatsopano zimapanga kupanga, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti mukhale ndi zilonda m'magulu osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi. Mpaka zilonda zonse zitatha ndipo palibe zatsopano zakhazikitsidwa, munthu amawoneka kuti akuwopsyeza.
Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mutsika ndi nkhuku, muyenera kukhala kunyumba kuchokera ku sukulu, ntchito, ndi zinthu zina kuti muteteze kufala, ngakhale mutakhala bwino.
Kuthamanga kwa nkhuku ndi kotopetsa kwambiri, koma ndikofunika kuti musamangoyamba. Pamene zotupa kapena zotupa zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka kuti zisagwirizane ndi dothi pansi pa zikhomo, zida zosayang'ana zimatha kupanga. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, kuthana ndi chifuwa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha nkhuku.
Chiwerengero cha zilonda za nkhuku munthu zimasiyana. Zowonongeka zimakhala zilonda 100 mpaka 300. Achikulire ndi ana akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zilonda zambiri kuposa ana. Anthu omwe adayamba kuvutika ndi khungu, monga kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena chikanga, akhoza kuyamba kuphulika kwambiri kuposa ena.
Zizindikiro Zambiri
Kawirikawiri, ana amene apatsidwa katemera wodwala (ali ndi mlingo umodzi wa katemera wa varicella) kapena katemera wonse (omwe ali ndi mayeso onse) amatsika ndi nkhuku. Ana omwe amachitcha kuti "kupambana kwa nkhuku" sakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa omwe sanatenge katemera.
Zizindikiro zawo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, komanso zosavuta kuti nthawi zina zimapangidwe ndi nkhuku kapena zovuta zina. Zizindikiro za nkhuku zapakati zikuphatikizapo:
- Zosapitirira 50 kapena zina zotupa
- Zochepa kapena zosavala (ndichifukwa chake sizowopsa)
- Kutentha pang'ono kapena kutentha
- Mwamsanga kuchira (mkati mwa masiku atatu kapena asanu)
Mavuto
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, nkhuku sizingathetse mavuto aakulu. Komabe, pafupifupi 14,000 anthu amapita kuchipatala ku United States chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matendawa. Kwa pafupifupi 100, izo zidzakhala zakupha. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhuku ngati akuluakulu ali pachiopsezo chachikulu, makamaka achikulire komanso omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a mthupi.
Matenda a Bakiteriya
Matenda ambiri a varicella ndi matenda achiwiri a bakiteriya a zilonda za nkhuku zomwe zimayambitsa Staphylococcus aureu s kapena Streptococcus pyogenes, zomwe zimawoneka ngati matenda a khungu monga impetigo , furunculosis , cellulitis, erysipelas, komanso matenda a mitsempha wotchedwa lymphadenitis.
Matendawa ndi opatsirana komanso amachiritsidwa mosavuta ndi maantibayotiki. Komabe, pali chiopsezo kuti mabakiteriya akhoza kufalitsa m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa bacacteremia. Anthu omwe ali ndi bacacteremia ali pangozi ya chibayo chabakiteriya komanso matenda ena omwe angakhale aakulu, kuphatikizapo meningitis, nyamakazi, osteomyelitis, ndi sepsis.
Mavuto a Neurologic
Kachiwiri kawiri kawiri ka mavuto a nkhuku ndikumayambitsa dongosolo la mitsempha. Imodzi mwa matenda aakulu kwambiri a ubongo okhudzana ndi nkhuku ndi matenda a ubwana wotchedwa acere cerebellar ataxia. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kupsa mtima kumene kumawonjezereka m'kupita kwa nthawi, kuyenda kovuta, ndi kufooka kwa mawu zomwe zingapitirire masiku kapena masabata. Mwamwayi, zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimathetsa okha.
Chinthu china chothetsera ubongo wa nkhuku ndi varicella meningoencephalitis, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti nembidzi zomwe zimayendetsa ndi kuteteza nyumba mu dongosolo la mitsempha zidzatupa ndi kutentha.
Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizapo kupweteka mutu, kukhudzidwa kuunika, kuuma kwa khosi ndi kupweteka, kupweteka, ndi kugwidwa. Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi meningoencephalitis atakhala ndi kachilombo ka varicella ndiwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, monga odwala pamapeto a kachilombo ka HIV (immunodeficiency virus).
Zovuta za Kupuma
Varicella chibayo ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a varicella ndi imfa mwa akuluakulu. Matendawa amayamba pamene kachilomboka kamapita ku mapapo kudzera m'magazi, kumene kumayambitsa matenda. Pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu 400 akuluakulu omwe amabwera ndi nkhuku amalowa m'chipatala chifukwa cha matendawa.
Zizindikiro zoopsa za varicella chibayo zikuphatikizapo:
- Kupeza nkhuku zakubadwa ukalamba
- Msuzi ndi zilonda zambiri
- Chitetezo cha mthupi
- Mimba (makamaka pa trimester yachitatu)
- Kusuta
- Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
Zovuta za Chiwindi
Chizolowezi chodziwika bwino cha nkhuku ndi matenda a chiwindi, omwe amachititsa kuti chiwindi chiziwombera nthawi zambiri chimene chimayambitsa matenda komanso chimawoneka bwino popanda mankhwala.
Malinga ndi Mayo Clinic, ana ena ndi achinyamata omwe amatha kuchira chifukwa cha matenda a tizilombo-makamaka nkhuku kapena chimfine-ali pachiopsezo chotenga Reye's syndrome, yomwe imakhala yosautsa kwambiri chiwindi ndi ubongo. Reye's syndrome yathandizidwa ndi aspirin, kotero kuti ngakhale aspirin imavomerezedwa kwa ana oposa 2, ndibwino kuti musapereke mankhwalawa kwa iwo kuti adziwe zizindikiro za nkhuku (kapena matenda ena a tizilombo).
Mabomba
Munthu atakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, kachilombo kameneka sikanachotsedwa mthupi. Mmalo mwake, iwo amapita ku mfundo mu dongosolo lamanjenje lotchedwa ganglia, kumene nthambi za mitsempha zimasonkhana palimodzi, zimakhalabe zofooka ndi zosavuta.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kukakamiza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamakhala koyambitsa matenda kamodzi kamodzi katha kaye kachilombo koyamba. Izi zikachitika, kachilomboka kamabwerera kumbuyo kwa mitsempha kupita khungu, kumapangitsa kupweteka, kutentha kwa khungu kumapazi a mitsempha-matenda otchedwa shingles, kapena herpes zoster. Nthawi zambiri mabomba amakhudza akuluakulu oposa 50.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Chickenpox ndi matenda odziwika bwino omwe nthawi zambiri mumatha kuchipatala kuchokera kwa dokotala pa foni. Ndipo ngati matenda aliwonse a tizilombo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino.
Komabe, ngati mutakhala ndi nkhuku mumakhala ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimasonyeza kuti muli ndi kachilombo kawiri kapenanso vuto linalake, muyenera kuitanira dokotala kuti mupange nthawi. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mabulters omwe amawoneka ofiira ndi ofunda; kenthe; kukhala zilonda zazikulu, zotseguka; ndi kukhetsa pus
- Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika kwa masiku oposa
- Kutupa kwa ntchentche pamphuno yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri
- Rash yomwe imafalikira kumodzi kapena onse awiri
- Kulephera kumwa
- Kutaya madzi m'thupi
- Mavuto kupuma kapena chifuwa chonse, zomwe zingakhale zizindikiro za varicella chibayo
- Mutu waukulu, kumvetsetsa kuwala, kugona modabwitsa, kusokonezeka, kapena kusanza kwanthawi zonse, zomwe palimodzi zingasonyeze ubweya kutupa
Zizindikiro izi zimadetsa nkhawa ana ndi akulu. Ngati muli ndi mwana wamng'ono yemwe ali ndi nkhuku yomwe imafuula nthawi zonse komanso yosasinthasintha, ndicho chifukwa choti muyang'ane ndi adokotala.
> Zotsatira:
> Abro, AH, et.al. Kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso ndi kawirikawiri mu matenda a Varicella. Rawal Med Jour. July 2008. 33 (2).
> American Academy of Dermatology. Ziphuphu: Mwachidule. Oct 27, 2017.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Chickenpox (Varicella) | Zachidule zachipatala. July 1, 2016.
> Chipatala cha Mayo. Reye's Syndrome. Aug 12, 2014.
> Michigan Mankhwala, University of Michigan. Chickenpox (Varicella): Pamene Muitanitse Dokotala. May 4 2017.