Pafupifupi anthu 30,000 amapezeka ndi matenda a Lyme chaka chilichonse ku United States. Matenda a Lyme ndi matenda owopsa chifukwa cha bakiteriya wotchedwa Borrelia burgdorferi omwe amafalitsidwa kwa anthu ndi nkhuku zakuda, zomwe zimatchedwa tizilombo tokha. Zizindikiro zingayambe paliponse patatha masiku omwe mwalumidwa zaka zambiri. Muli ndi matenda ambiri a Lyme kumpoto chakumwera, Mid-Atlantic, kapena North-Central.
Mbiri ya Matenda a Lyme
Matenda a Lyme adadziwika koyamba m'chaka cha 1975, atatha kufufuza chifukwa chake ana ambiri akudziwika kuti ali ndi nyamakazi yapamwamba ku Lyme, Connecticut, ndi midzi iwiri yoyandikana nayo. Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti ambiri mwa ana omwe ankakhudzidwa amakhala ndi kusewera pafupi ndi mitengo yomwe nkhuku zimakhala. Anapezanso kuti zizindikiro zoyamba za ana zimayambira m'miyezi ya chilimwe, kutalika kwa nkhupakupa nyengo. Ambiri mwa odwala omwe anafunsidwawa adanena kuti ali ndi kutupa khungu asanakonzekere nyamakazi yawo, ndipo ambiri amakumbukiranso kuti akulumidwa ndi nkhuku pa siteti yothamanga.
Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi omwe amayambitsa matenda a nyamakazi ku Lyme. Ku Ulaya, khungu limangokhalira kufanana ndi la matenda a Lyme linafotokozedwa m'zolembedwa zachipatala kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Matenda a Lyme akhoza kufalikira kuchokera ku Ulaya kupita ku United States kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, koma akatswiri azaumoyo posachedwapa adadziwa kuti ndi matenda osiyana.
Zizindikiro
Kumayambiriro koyamba, matenda a Lyme amachititsa kuti azimayi a migrans ayambe kuzungulira kudera loluma ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zozizira , matenda a mitsempha, ndi mavuto a mtima.
Muyenera kufufuza chithandizo mwamsanga mukamawona zizindikiro izi ndipo mukudziwa kapena mukuganiza kuti mwalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, makamaka ngati mukukhala kapena mukupita kudera lomwe limadziwika ndi matenda a Lyme.
Zimayambitsa
Matenda a Lyme amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya Borrelia burgdorferi , yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi anthu ndi nkhupakupa. Zinthu zina , monga majini, zingakhudze zizindikiro zanu.
Kudziwa
Matenda a Lyme nthawi zina amapezeka ndi mayeso a antibody koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi zizindikiro zanu , makamaka ngati mulibe erythema migrans. Mayesero atsopano akupangidwa kuti athandize kupereka chitsimikizo cholondola.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda a Lyme ndi mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda . Komabe, zina zowonjezera zingatengedwe malinga ndi zizindikiro zanu komanso kuti mwatenga nthawi yaitali bwanji.
Kupewa
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungapewere kuti tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutengera momwe mumavalira ndi momwe mumakhalira kuti mukhale tcheru poyang'ana nkhupakupa tsiku ndi tsiku pa nthawi ya nkhuku. Katemera watsopano wa matenda a Lyme ukugwiritsanso ntchito.
Mfundo Za Zikiti
Chifukwa chakuti iwe walumidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikutanthauza kuti udzathetsa matenda a Lyme.
Kuwomba nkhuku sikuchitika mumasekondi chabe monga kuluma kwa udzudzu kapena njuchi. Nkhupakupa imatengera munthu kapena nyama kwa nthawi ndithu pamene imayamwa magazi kuchokera kwa wolandiridwayo. Ngati nkhupakupa ili ndi kachilomboka, ikhoza kutumiza mabakiteriya kwa olowa.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC) zimati nkhuku ikhale yogwirizana ndi thupi lanu kwa maola 24 kapena kuposerapo kuti mukhale ndi matenda a Lyme. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake akulimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe nokha, achibale anu, ndi ziweto zanu kamodzi pa tsiku nthawi ya nkhuku. Chingwe choluma chomwe chimatenga nthawi yocheperako sichitha kupatsira matendawa.
Nkhupakupa zomwe zimafalitsa matenda a Lyme ku United States (nkhupakupa zikuwoneka zofanana) zikuphatikizapo:
- Chitsipa chakuda kapena chamagazi chotchedwa Ixodes scapularis , chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri kumpoto chakum'maŵa, Mid-Atlantic, ndi kumpoto chapakati
- Chongani chakuda chakumadzulo chotchedwa Ixodes pacificus , chomwe chimapezeka ku West Coast
Pali nkhupakupa zambiri padziko lonse zomwe sizikhala ndi matenda a Lyme, kuphatikizapo Lone Star ticks ( Amblyomma americanum ), American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), Rocky Mountain nkhuni ( Dermacentor andersoni ), Rhipicephalus sanguineus ). Izi sizikutanthauza nkhupakupazi sizingathe kunyamula kapena kulengeza matenda ena, komabe.
Udindo wa Wachikondi ndi Ndodo
Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono ndi nswala zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa nkhuku. Nkhupakupa zamagazi zimayika mazira omwe amasanduka mphutsi zomwe zimadyetsa makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Mphutsi imayamba kukhala nkhuku zazing'ono zomwe zimatchedwa nymphs, zomwe zimadyetsa zinyama zazing'ono ndi anthu. Mankhusu akuluakulu amadya nthawi zambiri pafupipafupi. Zonse ziwiri ndi nkhuku zazikulu zimatha kupatsira mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa matenda a Lyme.
Kumene Kupezeka Matenda a Lyme
Matenda a Lyme apezeka ku pafupifupi mayiko onse ku United States, ngakhale kuti wodwalayo angadwale matendawa mu boma lina osati limene adziwa. Zoposa 95 peresenti ya zochitika zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa zimachokera ku izi:
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Wisconsin
Matenda a Lyme amapezeka m'madera akuluakulu a Asia ndi Europe.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a Lyme, uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti mankhwala oyenera ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti munthu athetse bwino, ngakhale atatha matenda. Ngakhale matenda a Lyme ali ndi mavuto ambiri a thanzi la anthu, ndizovuta kuti gulu lofufuza zachipatala likhale lokonzeka kukomana. Zatsopano zokhudzana ndi matenda a Lyme zikuwonjezeka mofulumira, chifukwa kafukufuku wa sayansi akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Matenda a Lyme. Idasinthidwa pa January 19, 2018.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Matenda a Lyme: Data ndi Ziwerengero. Idasinthidwa pa November 13, 2017.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Matenda a Lyme: Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri. Idasinthidwa pa September 5, 2017.