B-cell, yomwe imatchedwanso B-lymphocyte, ndi mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi lomwe limathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thupi lanu ku matenda. Popanda B-maselo, thupi lanu silingakhale lothandiza polimbana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi mavairasi; ndipo simudzasowa ntchito yotsutsa yokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamakhalapo kachilombo ka HIV kapena katemera katemera wodwalayo.
B-maselo, monga maselo ena oyera a magazi, amachokera ku maselo a hematopoietic omwe amakhala m'kati mwa fupa la fupa, makamaka m'mafupa ena ngati mafupa a mchiuno ndi vertebrae. Maselo opanga magaziwa amachititsa B-maselo kupyolera mndandanda wa masitepe. Akamakula, maselo a B alipo m'magazi anu komanso m'magulu ena a thupi lanu monga minofu yanu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma lymphocytes: T-maselo, ndi B-maselo. Pamene muli ndi mayeso a magazi a CBC, mu lipoti la labotolo mumapewa kuperewera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a magazi ndi magawo ena, kuphatikizapo lymphocytes, koma palibe kusiyana komwe ma lymphocytes ali T-maselo omwe ali B- maselo.
Momwe Maselo A B Akuchitira Thupi Lathanzi
Udindo waukulu wa maselo a B umaphatikizapo momwe thupi limayankhira kwa adani omwe amachitira kunja mwadzidzidzi. B-maselo amakhala "otsegulidwa" pamene akumana ndi antigens achilendo, monga momwe amachitira kunja kunja kwa maselo a bakiteriya pamene akudwala.
Poyang'ana matendawa, B-maselo amatha kusiyanitsa m'maselo a plasma-mafakitale a thupi omwe amapanga mafakitale. Maselo a plasma amapanga mapuloteni akuluakulu otchedwa immunoglobulins, kapena antibodies, omwe amagwirizanitsa ndi anthu akunja. Mankhwalawa amatumikira monga mbendera, kapena moto pa malo omenyera nkhondo, ngati mukufuna; amapeza ma molekyulu ena otetezeka m'magazi kupita kumalowa, akugwira ntchito kuti aphe nyama zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Amasonyezanso maselo ena apachilombo kuti apambane nkhondo. Amagwira ntchito yaikulu mu chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimateteza thupi kuti lisatenge matenda. Gawoli la chitetezo champhamvu lomwe limadalira kwambiri ma antibodies limatchedwanso chitetezo cha humoral. Wothandizana ndi chitetezo cha umuna ndi chitetezo cha maselo.
Momwe B-Maselo Amatipatsira Kachilombo
B-cell, yomwe imatchedwa B-cell yosadziwika, imazungulira m'magazi, nthawi zambiri imathera m'matumbo kapena mitsempha. Amatulutsidwa ndi antigen, yomwe ikhoza kukhala chinthu chilichonse chimene thupi limaganiza kuti ndi chachilendo, monga kachilombo ka HIV, kapena kachidutswa ka kapupa wa bakiteriya. T-maselo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchitoyi. B-selo ikuyamba kusandulika kukhala plasma B-selo, yomwe ntchito yake yapadera ndiyo kupanga masewera olimbana ndi ma antibodies omwe akufanana ndi omwe amachititsa zigawenga-mpaka zikwi khumi zapakati pa masekondi.
Pulogalamu iliyonse ya plasma B-maselo imapangitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukhala ndi antigen imodzi yokha. Zili zenizeni. Mwamwayi, pali mamiliyoni ambiri m'thupi lathu kuti tikhoza kulimbana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda. Pamoyo wonse wa B-cell, amapanga ma antibodies awa. Amakhala makamaka m'matumbo ndi mitsempha yotulutsa ma antibodies.
Zina mwa ma-B-maselo opangidwa ndi B-maselo, omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali m'mafupa, ma lymph nodes ndi nthata.
Amakumbukira antigen omwe ali enieni ndipo ali okonzeka kuyankha mwamsanga ngati awona kachiwiri. Awa ndi maselo omwe amatipatsa chitetezo chokhalitsa kwa adani osiyana.
Mukapeza katemerayu, katemerawa ali ndi ma antigen omwe amachititsa kuti ma B-maselo apange tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe adzateteze kachilombo ka HIV kapena mabakiteriya omwe mukukumana nawo. Izi zimatsanzira zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi lanu mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, koma popanda zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chakuti B-maselo akhala akumbukira nthawi yaitali, akhoza kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi majeremusi awo kwa miyezi ndi zaka, ndikukupatsani nthawi yotetezeka.
Mawu Ochokera
Nthawi zina maselo a B-plasma amapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali pa maselo athu, kapena autoantibodies, ndipo izi zingakhale mbali ya matenda osiyanasiyana , monga matenda a rhumum, mpus, multiple sclerosis, ndi mtundu wa shuga. Izi ndizomwe mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha m'thupi amatengera zida zathanzi kuti atulutse matenda.
B-maselo angasandulike mwachisawawa kukhala odwala lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi , yoopsa kwambiri ya mthemphablastic leukemia , ndi mitundu ina ya lymphoma . Matendawa makamaka ndi khansa ya B-cell, ngakhale selo yeniyeni yomwe imakhala khansa ikhoza kukhala yochuluka kwambiri kapena yochuluka kwambiri; Mwachilankhulo china, selo limene limayambitsa khansara likhoza kuyandikana kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku B-selo lenileni, mofanana kwambiri ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamene kamayambitsa magazi kamene kamene kadzakupangitsani kukhala ndi maselo akuluakulu B, ngati ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Zotsatira:
> Minnich M, Tagoh H, Bönelt P, ndi al. Ntchito yambiri yolemba Blimp-1 yolembera pothandizira kusinthanitsa maselo a plasma. Nat Immunol. 2016 Mar; 17 (3): 331-43.
> Julie Tellier, Wei Shi, Martina Minnich, Yang Liao, Simon Crawford, Gordon K Smyth, Axel Kallies, Meinrad Busslinger, Stephen L Nutt. Blimp-1 imayang'anira plasma selo ntchito kupyolera mwa malamulo a immunoglobulin secretion ndi kufalikira mapuloteni yankho. Nat Immunol. 2016; 17 (3): 323-330.
> Maselo ndi Antibodies, Biology ya Maselo ya Cell. Baibulo lachinayi. Copyright 2002, Bruce Alberts, et. al.