PMNs: Banja la Maselo Oyera
NDIZIYANI?
Polymorphonic leukocytes, kapena PMNs, ndi banja lapadera la maselo oyera a magazi. Banja limaphatikizapo maselo a chitetezo otchedwa neutrophils, eosinophils ndi basophils. Mavitamini, ma basophil ndi ma eosinophils ndiwo onse omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Muzochitika zowononga magazi, komabe, PMN yochuluka kwambiri ndi neutrophil.
Kodi P o P o P oly P o uvalar ?
Kupatulapo PMNs kutanthauza gulu la maselo omwe amatchulidwa, mawuwo amatanthauzira maonekedwe awo. Mtundu wa poly + umagwirizana ndi "mawonekedwe osiyana" ndi nyukiliya amatanthauza nuclei ya maselo a PMNs, pamene akudetsedwa ndi kuwonedwa pansi pa microscope. Choncho ma PMN amadziwika kuti ndi mawonekedwe osamvetseka omwe amatha kusintha. Nuclei ya PMN maselo oyera a magazi ali ndi magawano akuluakulu kotero kuti m'malo mowoneka ngati zabwino, kuzungulira kuzungulira gawolo, zingawonekere kukhala ndi maola awiri kapena atatu. Nkhungu izi zimayambitsa maonekedwe a "dzira lokazinga," omwe amapezeka ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo, kuti asakhalepo-mmalo mwake, selo limawoneka ngati dzira lomwe linali ndi phula losweka pamene yophika.
Kodi ma Granulocytes a PMN?
Inde. Kuphatikiza pa zokondweretsa, PMNs imakhalanso ndi zikopa zomwe zimawoneka pogwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi utoto; granules ali ngati mabuloni amadzi ochepa mkati mwa selo, ndipo amapereka mawonekedwe a PMN awo.
Pachifukwa ichi, ma PMN amakhalanso otchedwa "lekritos" kapena granulocytes. Zomwe zili mkati mwa granules zimadalira ma PMNs omwe mukuwakamba. Pankhani ya neutrophils, granules imakhala ndi michere ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi maantimicrobial omwe, atatulutsidwa, amathandiza kuthana ndi matenda.
Kodi PMNs Ichokera Kuti?
Mankhwala a PMN komanso mitundu ina ya maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi mapiritsi onse amatsika kapena amayamba kuchokera ku maselo a hematopoietic m'mafupa. Kuchokera ku maselo amtundu wa hematopoietic, maselo a magazi amasiyanitsa pambali njira ziwiri zazikulu, zosiyana: maselo a lymphoid omwe amapitirira kukhala ma lymphocytes, ndi myeloid cell line , yomwe imapangitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PMNs, kuphatikizapo maselo ena a magazi.
Kodi Amapezeka Kuti?
PMNs ndi maselo oyera omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Komabe, maselo oyera a mthupi nthawi zambiri amatha kutsata zizindikiro zamagetsi, kusamukira kumalo osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'thupi kumene amafunikira, mungapezenso PNN m'malo ena, monga malo a matenda kapena kutupa.
Kodi onse amagwira ntchito mofanana?
Ayi, aliyense wa maselo oyera a PMN amagazi ena ali ndi maudindo osiyana mu thanzi ndi matenda, ndipo amatha kuchita nawo njira zosiyanasiyana pa chitetezo cha mthupi, ngakhale pali zina zomwe zimachitika. Monga ndi maselo oyera a magazi, PMN yemweyo yomwe ingakhale yothandiza kutetezeka komanso pomenyana ndi matenda, nthawi zina ingathandize kuti mayankho oopsa kapena osayenerera amveke, monga chifuwa chachikulu komanso mayankho akuluakulu.
AMACHITA CHIYANI?
Ponena za odwala khansa, ma neutrophils ndiwo PMN ofunika kwambiri pakulimbana ndi matenda. Ndipotu, ndizofunika kwambiri zowononga matenda a WBC, nthawi, malinga ndi American Cancer Society. Kuti mumvetse bwino kuwerengera kwanu, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chotchedwa counting neutrophil, kapena ANC. Munthu wathanzi ali ndi ANC pakati pa 2,500 ndi 6,000.
Ntchito za neutrophils ndi zina za PMNs zili pansipa:
- Matenda a Neutrophils - Neutrophils ndiwo mzere wa chitetezo ku mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi matenda opatsirana, ndipo ndiwo oyamba kuwonekera. Ngati pali vuto linalake, zinthu zotchedwa chemotactic zimatulutsidwa zomwe zimakopa neutrophils.
- Eosinophils - Eosinophils amagwira ntchito zowonongeka komanso imakhudzana ndi matenda a parasitic monga matenda a mphutsi. MaseĊµera apamwamba a eosinophils m'magazi angapangidwe ndi zochitika zina, komanso, monga momwe mankhwala amachitira.
- Basophils - Basophils akuphatikizidwanso , ndipo amatulutsa mbiri ya histamine ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kutupa ndi kuteteza magazi kuti asamawonongeke. Ma basophil ndi maselo ofanana ndi mitsempha ya magazi, omwe amamangiriza mitsempha yambiri (basophils ali m'magazi; maselo akuluakulu ali m'magazi).
Maselo Amtundu M'matenda:
- Maselo akuluakulu - M'matumbo, maselo akuluakulu amathandiza kwambiri popuma ndi m'mimba . Maselo akuluakulu alipo m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: mawonekedwe ogwirizana ndi mucosal. Zonsezi zimatha kumasula granules zisanafike. Madera a mucosal ndi mapuloteni, monga kuyala m'matumbo, kapena kutsogolo kwa ndege. Zosakaniza zowonjezereka zimakhala zakuya kuposa zigawo izi ndi zina, komanso. Mu magawo onse awiri, maselo akuluakulu amayamba kutsegulidwa ndi kuchepa, kapena kusiya mphotho yawo ya granules. Zomwe zimakhala m'magulu awo zimakhala ngati zizindikiro zamagulu ndikugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi maselo ena.
Zambiri pa PMNs ndi Immunity
PMNs ndi mbali ya mawonekedwe osadziwika a chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti amachitira anthu onse mofanana. Mawu akuti innate amatanthauza kuti dongosolo lino liripo kuyambira kubadwa - maselo safunikira kuphunzira kuti adziwe othawa. Iwo amawazindikira iwo kuchokera koti apite.
Izi zikusiyana ndi mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. M'thupi lomwe limatetezedwa, maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi angaphunzire kuzindikira kuti palibenso wodwalayo ndipo amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuyankha kumakhala kovuta komanso kovuta, kuphatikizapo maselo okhudzana ndi chitetezo otchedwa B ndi T lymphocytes, komanso maselo a antigen omwe akubwera, kapena APCs, omwe amadziwika kwambiri pochenjeza ma lymphocytes kukhalapo kwa antigen yachilendo.
Zomwe Zimakhudza Mipingo Yachilendo ya PMNs
- MaseĊµera apamwamba a neutrophils m'magazi amayamba chifukwa cha matenda, pamene maselowa amaitanidwa kuti ateteze thupi.
- Pamene thupi liribe neutrophils zokwanira, izi zingagwirizane ndi chiopsezo cha munthu kuti adziwe matenda. Matenda ena a kansa amatha kuyambitsa mawere a neutrophil, omwe amachititsa zomwe zimatchedwa neutropenia. Mu neutropenia yomwe imayambitsa mankhwala a chemotherapy, odwala amapewa chiopsezo chotenga matenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Mavitamini ochulukirapo amatchedwa eosinophilia , ndipo kawirikawiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala, kusintha kwa mankhwala, kapena matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kawirikawiri ndi khansa ndi zina. Kuperewera kwa maselo amenewa siwodziwika.
- Mankhwala owonjezera amatha kukhala ndi hypothyroidism komanso ndi khansa zina zamagazi. Matenda ena okhudzana ndi masewera a basophil ndi Crohn matenda ndi ulcerative colitis-zonse zomwe zimaonedwa ngati zotupa.
Zotsatira:
Kurashima Y, Kiyono H. Nyengo yatsopano ya mankhwala a mucosal mast: ntchito zawo mu kutupa, kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso chitukuko cha adjuvant. Mankhwala Ofufuza ndi Maselo (2014) 46, e83.
Canadian Cancer Society. Anatomy ndi physiology ya magazi. Inapezeka pa 02/24/16. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/anatomy-and-physiology/?region=on
Williams, L. "Kubwereza Kwambiri kwa Hematopoiesis ndi Immunology: Zotsatira za Omwe Amaloledwa Kutsegula Maselo a Hematopoietic" ku Ezzone, S. (2004) Kupanga Mafakitale Atsitsi Othandizira : Buku Lopereka Chithandizo cha Achipatala: Pittsburgh, PA (pp.1- 12)