Mavitamini ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera (WBC kapena granulocyte) omwe amatiteteza ku matenda a bakiteriya pakati pa ntchito zina.
Pafupifupi 40 peresenti mpaka 60 peresenti ya maselo oyera a magazi ndi neutrophils. Maselo amenewa ndi maselo oyambirira omwe amafika pochitika pamene tikudwala matenda a bakiteriya. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumabweretsa kuchoka kwa "chemokines" komwe imakopa neutrophils ku malo otchedwa chemotaxis.
Mankhwala otchedwa neutrophils amadziwidwa bwino kwa wotsogola wamba monga chigawo chachikulu cha pus.
Ntchito
Mazira otchedwa neutrophils ndiwo mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya maselo a magazi omwe amapangidwa ndi mafupa. Ndife "oyamba kuyankha" athu omwe amachitanso mbali yoyamba yotetezera zamoyo zomwe zimalowa mthupi lathu.
Mankhwalawa amachititsa anthu kudziko lina kuti aziwawononga chifukwa cha "kudya nawo" njira yomwe imatchedwa phagocytosis, kapena kuwatengera m'chipinda chomwe chimatchedwa endocytosis. Pamene chilombo chiri mkati mwa neutrophil, "amachiritsidwa" ndi michere yomwe imabweretsa chiwonongeko cha zamoyo. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.
Mavitaminiwa amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri, amakhala ndi maola 8 okha, koma matupi athu amapanga pafupifupi 100 biliyoni ya maselowa tsiku lililonse. Atatulutsidwa ku mafupa, pafupifupi theka la maselowa ali pambali ya mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo hafu ina imapezeka mu matenda a thupi.
Anatomy ndi Structure
Mankhwalawa amatha kuwonetseredwa momveka bwino pansi pa microscope monga maselo okhala ndi lobe 2 mpaka 5 mukati, ndipo amadetsa pinki kapena zofiira ndizosalekerera. Mawu akuti "PMN" kapena polymorphonuclear leukocyte amatanthauza izi.
Matenda a Neutrophils, Maselo Oyera a M'magazi, ndi Matenda a Immune
Zingakhale zosokoneza ngati mumva za maselo oyera a magazi ndi ma neutrophils.
Ngati neutrophils ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa selo loyera la magazi, n'chifukwa chiyani ovomeresi amalankhulana mosiyana za chiwerengero chochepa cha maselo oyera a magazi ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha neutrophil ndi chemotherapy ( neotheropenia ) yotchedwa chemotherapy )? Yankho lolunjika ndiloti mlingo wotsika wa neutrophils, makamaka, ukhoza kukhala wowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amachititsa kuti asatengeke.
Maselo onse a magazi (maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi mapulateletti) amapangidwa m'mphuno la mafupa - minofu ya spongy yomwe ili pakati pa mafupa monga mchiuno. M'mafupa, maselo onsewa amayamba ngati mtundu umodzi wa selo wodziwika ngati selo yamagazi ya hematopoeitic.
Maselo amenewa amathanso kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya selo mu njira yotchedwa hematopoiesis . Popeza maselo onsewa amayamba ndi selo wamba, zomwe zimawononga mafupa - monga chemotherapy - nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mitundu yonse ya maselo a magazi. Izi zimatchulidwa kuti kupuma kwa mafupa kuchokera ku chemotherapy .
Kuwonjezera pa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi mapiritsi, pali mitundu yambiri ya maselo oyera a magazi. Maselo oyera a m'magazi amapita kumbali ziwiri zosiyana. Selo yachitsulo ikhoza kukhala limodzi ndi mzere wa lymphoid , zomwe zimachititsa kuti mapangidwe apangidwe a ammymphocyte T ndi B, kapena myeloid line .
Selo mumzere wa myeloid ukhoza kukhalanso ndi neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, kapena basophil.
Mazira otchedwa Neutrophils amayamba monga myeloblasts, omwe amakhala okhwimitsa kukhala promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, magulu, ndiyeno neutrophils okhwima.
Chiwerengero cha Neutrophil
A ANC yachibadwa kapena kuwerengeka kwa neutrophil nthawi zambiri pakati pa 2500 ndi 7500 neutrophils pa microliter.
MaseĊµera a neutrophils osakwana 2500 amatchedwa neutropenia, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha kuchepa n'kofunika. Chipanichi cha ANC choposa 1000 ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo chikhoza kuika munthu wina ku matenda.
Lipoti lanu la chiwerengero cha magazi lingathe kusokoneza ma neutrophils m'magulu awiri: neutrophils, kapena neutrophils omwe amadziwika ngati magulu.
Mu matenda akuluakulu, fupa la mafupa limalimbikitsidwa kuti amasule ma neutrophils ambiri (omwe amayamba kukhala ndi neutrophils) chifukwa cha chiwerengero chokwanira cha timagulu pa lipoti lanu.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhala Zosasintha Zambiri Zamatenda a Neutrophils
Pamene madokotala amayang'ana kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kapena kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC) chosazolowereka chofala kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha neutrophils. Kuyesera kwa neutrophils ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri la kafukufuku wa ma laboratory.
Zifukwa za Neutrophilia
Kuganizira za ntchito ya neutrophils kumapangitsa kumvetsetsa kuwonjezeka kwa nambala yosavuta kumva. Njira zowonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a magazi ndi awa:
- Zosakanikirana - Ndizochita zowonongeka ndi neutrophilia, pali kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha neutrophils potengera matenda kapena nkhawa. Mahomoni opanikizika m'thupi lathu amachititsa kuti wamkulu kuposa maselo ambiri a maselowa amasulidwe ku mafupa.
- Zowonjezera (kuwonjezeka kwakupangidwa mumtambo wa fupa) - Protiferative neutrophilia imatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha neutrophils chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwawo m'mafupa. Izi zimawoneka bwino ndi khansa, monga myelocytic khansa yambiri.
- Kutayika - Mitsempha yambiri imakhala "yamoyo" yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha. Ma neutrophilswa akhoza kukhala "ochepa" ndipo amazungulira m'magazi chifukwa cha nkhawa, matenda, komanso nthawi zina zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Zomwe Zingayambitse Neutrophilia
Zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa neutrophil (neutrophilia) zikuphatikizapo:
- Matenda
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Mankhwala okhudzana ndi maselo a magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi
- Matenda osokoneza bongo monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi
- Zowawa ndi kuyaka
- Kusuta
- Mimba
- Thyroiditis
- Eclampsia
Mavitamini Aang'ono Ochepa M'magazi
Ambiri mwa neutrophils m'magazi athu ndi okhwima omwe amakhwima okhwima. Mafunde a neutrophils angapezeke pamagazi a magazi ngati thupi likugwedezeka ndipo kuli kofunikira kwambiri kwa neutrophils. Izi zikachitika, chiwerengero chowonjezereka cha anyamata omwe amatha kuyambitsa matendawa amatha kupita ku magazi kuchokera m'mafupa asanafike kukhwima. Dokotala wanu anganene kuti muli ndi chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha magulu - kapena ngakhale neutrophils zochepa kwambiri - paziwerengero zanu za magazi.
Mosiyana, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mazira autemera a m'thupi angayambe ndi ma leukemia monga acute promyelocytic khansa ya m'magazi .
Zifukwa za Neutropenia
Kuwerengera kwanu kwa neutrophil kungachepetse nokha, kapena mmalo mwake, kuchepetsedwa limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya maselo a magazi. Mawu akuti pancytopenia amatanthauza kuchepetsa kwa mitundu itatu yonse yaikulu ya maselo a magazi; maselo ofiira a m'magazi (omwe amatchedwa kuti anemia) omwe amatchedwa thrombocytopenia ndi maselo oyera a magazi.
Njira zomwe zingabweretse chiwerengero chochepa cha neutrophil chingaphatikizepo
- Kuchokera kapena kusapezeka kwa mafupa a mitsempha - Mwachitsanzo, pamene mafupa akuvulala monga mankhwala a chemotherapy, kapena kusowa kwa vitamini komwe kumayambitsa kupanga zosakwanira.
- Kulowetsa mafupa a mafupa - Pamene mafupa "atengedwa" ndi maselo monga maselo a kansa.
- Kufunira za neutrophils zambiri - Mwachitsanzo, kumenyana ndi matenda kapena poyang'anira zoopsa. Poyamba, ndi matenda ambiri a bakiteriya, chiwerengero cha neutrophil chikuwonjezeka. Koma ndi matenda akuluakulu, chiwerengero chochepa cha ma neutrophil chikhoza kuchitika ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chimadwala ndi matenda.
- Kuchepetsa kupulumuka kwa neutrophils - Ngakhale kuti matendawa amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha neutrophil, matenda opatsirana, komanso matenda omwe ali ndi ma ARV ndi rickettsial matenda angapangitse kupulumuka kwa neutrophils ndi chiwerengero chochepa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angathenso kuthana ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha ma antibodies omwe amadzipangira okha monga momwe lupus imachitira.
- Kuwonongedwa kwa mazira a neutrophils kale.
- Mphepete mwa neutropenia.
Zomwe Zingayambitse Neutropenia
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa neutrophil kungakhale chifukwa cha:
- Chemotherapy
- Apulosi ya magazi
- Kutuluka kwa mazira
- Myelodysplasia
- Khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi yomwe imalowa mkati mwa mafupa monga khansa ya m'magazi
- Matenda opatsirana
- Matenda oopsa (sepsis)
- Matenda a Rickettsial
- Chiwindi cha mphepo
- Hypersplenism
- Zotsatira za mankhwala - mwachitsanzo, penicillin, ibuprofen, ndi phenytoin
- Hyperglycemia
- Vitamini B12 yowonjezera (kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi) ndi folic acid
- Neutropenia ya Kostmann (matenda omwe amakhudza ana aang'ono)
- Idiosyncratic (kutanthawuza kuti palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza chifukwa chiwerengero cha neutrophil chiri chochepa)
Kufunika kwa Namba Yochepa ya Neutrophil
Kulemera kwa chiwerengero chochepa cha neutrophil kumadalira pa zinthu zingapo, makamaka mlingo wa neutropenia. Mwinamwake mukudziwika ndi nkhani za "makanda" - ana omwe amabadwa ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, koma pali madigiri ambiri pakati.
Kuwerengera kochepa kwa neutrophil ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira zoopsa za chemotherapy . Pamene maselowa ali ochepa mu chiwerengero kapena ntchito kapena zonse ziwiri, matupi athu sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda, ngakhale mabakiteriya omwe samayambitsa matenda akuluakulu.
Zitsanzo: Kuwerengera kwa Olivia kwa neutrophil kunali kochepa kumutsata mankhwala ake, choncho a hercologist adalimbikitsa kuti ayambe maantibayotiki kuti ateteze matenda.
> Zosowa
> Amuli, B., Cazalet, C., Haye, G. et al. Ntchito Neutrophil: Kuchokera ku Njira Zachilombo. Kupenda Pachaka za Immunology . 2012. 30: 459-489.
> National Institute of Health. MedLine Plus. Kusiyana kwa Magazi. Kusinthidwa 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm