Mitral stenosis imaletsa mitsempha ya mitral, yomwe imachepetsa kutuluka magazi kuchoka kumanzere kumanzere kupita kumanzere. Mitral stenosis ndi yachilendo masiku ano m'mayiko otukuka, koma zikachitika zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu a mtima.
Kodi Mitral Stenosis N'chiyani?
Mitsempha ya mitral imayendetsa chitseko pakati pa atrium kumanzere ndi ventricle kumanzere.
Pamene mgwirizano wa kumanzere wotsekemera, wotsetsereka wamagetsi umatsegulira kuti magazi alowe mu ventricle ya kumanzere. Ventiriyumu ya kumanzere imangotulutsa mgwirizano, ndipo valve yamtali imatseka kuti magazi asabwerere kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa atrium.
Ndi mitral stenosis, valve ya mitral imakula ndipo imakhala yosasunthika (ndiko, stenotic), ndipo silingathe kutsegula kwathunthu. Izi zikachitika, atrium ya kumanzere sangathe kutaya kwathunthu. Mwazi umabwereranso kumbuyo, kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwina kumanzere. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mavuto amtima amatha.
Kodi Zimayambitsa Mitral Stenosis?
Zambiri zingathe kupanga mtral stenosis:
- Matenda a mtima wa rheumatic ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala matendawa . Chifukwa chakuti matenda a mtima wa rheumatic wakhala osowa m'mayiko otukuka, mitral stenosis tsopano ikuwoneka mochuluka kwambiri kuposa momwe zinaliri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.
- Mitundu ina ya matenda opatsirana m'mimba imayambitsa mitral stenosis. Zikatero, valve ya mitral imalephera kukula bwino.
- Mitral annular calcification (chikhalidwe chimene calcium imapanga pa mitral valve, kawirikawiri yogwirizana ndi ukalamba kapena matenda a impso) ikhoza kuchititsa mitral stenosis. Ngakhale mitral annular calcification ndiyomwe imakhala yofala, nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutral mutral ndipo nthawi zambiri imatulutsa mitral stenosis.
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana (matenda a mtima wa valves) sangathe kuchepetsa mitral stenosis.
Kodi Mitral Stenosis Ndi Vuto Lotani?
Mu mitral stenosis yomwe imayambitsa matenda a rheumatic (omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala kwambiri), vuto la valve limayamba pang'onopang'ono, kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono. Kawirikawiri, mitral stenosis imayamba kupezeka zaka 15 mpaka 20 mutatha chifuwa cha rheumatic fever .
Panthawi yonseyi, pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka, ndipo chipinda chimenecho chimakula. Kuwonjezeka kwachulukanso kumabwereranso kumbuyo, ku mitsempha ya mitsempha m'mapapu, ndipo pamapeto pake pamakhala mitsempha ya pulmonary. Mitsempha yapamwamba yowopsa kwambiri , kupanikizika kwambiri mu mitsempha ya pulmonary, nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa.
Mitsempha yapamwamba yowopsa kwambiri imatha kuchititsa mtima kusokoneza mbali yowongoka ya mtima. Kulephera kumtima kwa mtima kumagwirizanitsa ndi kutopa kwakukulu komanso kusungunuka kwa madzi (edema) m'milingo, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'mimba.
Matenda a atrial amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu okhala ndi mitral stenosis. Anthu 70% omwe ali ndi mitral stenosis adzakhazikitsa dongosololi.
Thromboembolism ndi vuto ndi mitral stenosis.
Mankhwala a magazi omwe amawoneka mkati mwachisawawa amatha kuchoka ndipo amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu, makamaka kukwapulidwa . Vutoli ndi loopsya kwa aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a atrial, koma chiopsezochi ndi chachikulu kwambiri pamene mafinyria akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitral stenosis. Kwenikweni, thromboembolism ikhoza kuchitika ndi mitral stenosis ngakhale ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakupezekapo.
Kodi Ndi Zizindikiro Ziti za Mitral Stenosis?
Zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika ndi mitral stenosis ndi dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono), chifuwa, ndi kutopa. Anthu omwe ali ndi mitral stenosis amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi nthawi iliyonse yomwe mtima ukuitanidwa kuchita ntchito yowonjezera, monga pochita mtundu uliwonse, kupsinjika maganizo, kutentha thupi kapena matenda ena, kapena kutenga mimba.
Monga momwe mitral stenosis imayamba pang'onopang'ono, chomwechonso zizindikiro zimayambitsa. Nthaŵi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi mitral stenosis amapewa zizindikiro mwa kuzindikira mosakayikira zochita zawo kwa zaka zambiri, potsirizira pake amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti sagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri sadziwa kwenikweni kupuma kwake, ndipo sangayesere chizindikiro ichi kwa madotolo awo.
Pamene mitral stenosis imakhala yovuta, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosalekeza ngakhale panthawi yopumula, ndipo angakhalenso ndi vuto la edema komanso akutsokomola magazi.
Mafilimu a Arial angapangitse kuti munthu azikhala ndi phokoso losalala, ndipo akhoza kupanga zizindikiro zonse zogwirizana ndi mitral stenosis kwambiri.
Kodi Mitral Stenosis Ipezeka Bwanji?
Kawirikawiri matendawa amayamba kukayikira dokotala akamayang'anitsitsa ndikuzindikira kuti mtima wofewa, wokhumudwa umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitral stenosis. Ngati matendawa akudandaula, akhoza kutsimikiziridwa mosavuta kapena kutchulidwa ndi echocardiogram .
Kuchitira Mitral Stenosis
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi mitral stenosis, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe inu ndi dokotala muyenera kuziganizira ndizoti / nthawi yopanga opaleshoni yotani pofuna kuthetsa stenosis, ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe zingatengedwe kuti muteteze kupweteka .
Chitsime:
Bonow, RO, Carabello, BA, Chatterjee, K, ndi al. 2008 Kuwonetseratu kwapadera kumene kunaphatikizidwa ndi malangizo a ACC / AHA 2006 otsogolera odwala matenda a mtima wa valvular: lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Ntchito Yogwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo Othandizira (Komiti Yolemba Kukonzekera Malangizo a 1998 a Ulamuliro Odwala Amene Ali Ndi Matenda a Mtima wa Valvular): Ovomerezedwa ndi Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, ndi Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Kuyendayenda kwa 2008; 118: e523.
Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J. Mitral stenosis. Lancet 2009; 374: 1271.