Ntchito ya mtima ndiyo kupopera magazi omwe amatsuka ziwalo zonse za thupi. Magazi amanyamula oksijeni ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala zofunika kwambiri kumatenda ndikuchotsa zinyalala. Ngati ntchito yakupachika ya mtima imasokonezeka, ziwalo za thupi zimayamba kulephera mofulumira. Kotero moyo wokha umadalira ntchito yabwino, yopitilira mtima.
Mtima ndi thupi lopweteka kwambiri kukula kwa nkhonya. Pamene minofu yamtima imagwira kapena imawombera, imayambitsa magazi kulowa mu mitsempha. Chipinda cha mtima ndi valve zimakonzedwa kuti zitsogolere kutuluka kwa magazi pamene mtima ukugunda.
Chambers ya Mtima ndi Valves
Mtima uli ndi zipinda zinayi. Zilonda ziwiri (kumanja ndi kumanzere) ndi zipinda zam'mimba zomwe zimayambitsa magazi kuchokera mu mtima. Mpweya wabwino umapopera magazi kupita m'mapapu, ndipo mapiritsi otsirizira a ventricle amagazi kupita ku ziwalo zina zonse.
Atria awiri (kumanja ndi kumanzere) amagwira magazi kubwerera m'mtima, ndipo panthawi yokwanira imakhala yopanda kanthu kumalo olowera bwino ndi omanzere.
Magulu anai a mtima (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral ndi aortic) asunge magazi kuyenda m'njira yoyenera kudzera mu mtima.
Ndikofunika kuwona mtima ukugwira ntchito ngati mapampu awiri osiyana, kugwira ntchito mndandanda; mpweya wabwino wa mtima, ndi pampu ya mtima wamanzere.
Mutu Wokoma Mtima
Mpweya wabwino wa mtima umakhala ndi atrium yoyenera, valve yamagetsi, bwino ventricle, valve pulmonic, ndi mitsempha ya pulmonary. Ntchito yake ndikutsimikizira kuti magazi "amagwiritsidwa ntchito" amatengekanso ndi oxygen. Oxygen-osauka magazi akubwerera pamtima kuchokera ku matupi a thupi amapita ku malo abwino. Pamene mgwirizano wa atria, vivevu yotsegulira imatsegula ndipo imalola kuti magaziwo aponyedwe kuchokera kumalo abwino kupita ku ventricle yoyenera.
Kenaka, pamene chitsimikizo chovomerezeka chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, vivevu imatseka (kuteteza magazi kusamba kumbuyo kupita ku atrium yolondola), ndipo valavu ya pulmonic imatsegulidwa - kotero magazi amachotsedwa kuchokera ku ventricle yolondola ndikupita ku mapiritsi a pulmonary ndi mapapo, kumene imadzazidwa ndi mpweya.
Phukusi la Mtima Wotsalira
Mpweya wa mtima wakumzere uli ndi atrium kumanzere, mitral valve, zotukira m'mimba, a valtic valve, ndi aorta. Ntchito yake ndiyo kupopera magazi okosijeni ku matupi a thupi. Magazi kubwerera kumtima kuchokera m'mapapu akulowa ku atrium ya kumanzere. Pamene mgwirizano wa atria, mitsempha ya mitral imatsegula ndipo imalola kuti magazi alowe mu ventricle ya kumanzere. Pamene ventricle yachitsulo imatha kanthawi pang'ono, valve ya mitral imatseka ndipo valve ya aortic imatsegulidwa. Magazi amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku ventricle kumanzere, kudutsa valve ya aortic, mpaka kunja kwa thupi.
- Werengani za mitral stenosis.
- Werengani za mitral regurgitation.
- Werengani za aortic stenosis.
- Werengani za aortic kubwezeretsedwa.
Mtsinje wa Cardiac
Mwinamwake mungamve za lingaliro lotchedwa kusintha kwa mtima. Mwachidule, "kuthamanga kwa mtima" ndi njira imene madotolo aliri ogawaniza ntchito ya mtima mu magawo awiri - gawo la diastolic ndi gawo la systolic.
Mu gawo la diastolic, ziwombankhanga ziwiri zimakhala zosangalatsa ndipo zikudzazidwa ndi magazi kuchokera ku ma atria awiri. Mu gawo la systolic, zitsulo ziwirizi zikugwirizanitsa.
Mawu awa amathandiza m'njira zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, tikamapanikiza kuthamanga kwa magazi, tikuyesa kupanikizika m'mitsempha m'zigawo zonse za thupi - systolic ndi diastolic. Choncho, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala ngati manambala awiri, monga 120/80. Pano, sysilic blood pressure (kupanikizika kwapopopopera panthawi yomwe mphepo ikugunda) ndi 120 mmHg, ndipo kuthamanga kwa diastolic (kuthamanga pa nthawi yopuma) ndi 80 mmHg.
Komanso, akatswiri a cardilogist akamayankhula za vuto la mtima, nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati kusokonezeka kwa mtima kumakhudza kwambiri chigawo cha mtima cha mtima (monga momwe thupi limagwirira mtima ), kapena gawo la diastolic (monga kuwonongeka kwa diastolic ). Kuchiza koyenera kumafuna kupanga kusiyana kumeneku.
Werengani za momwe thupi limayambira.
Zotsatira:
Otto CM. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, ndondomeko yachinayi, Saunders Elsevier, 2009.