Maselo oyera (WBCs) ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimathandiza kumenyana ndi matenda ndi kuteteza thupi kuzinthu zina zakunja. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera amagazi amadziwika pozindikira ziwalo, kupha mabakiteriya owopsa, ndi kupanga mabakiteriya kuti ateteze thupi lanu kuti lisadzawonongeke mabakiteriya ena ndi mavairasi
Mitundu
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri ya maselo oyera a magazi:
- Matenda a Neutrophils - Pafupi theka la maselo oyera a magazi ndi neutrophils. Mankhwalawa amayamba kukhala maselo oyambirira a chitetezo cha chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi poyankha munthu wowononga ngati mabakiteriya kapena kachilombo. Monga oyamba aja, amatumizanso zizindikiro zina pochenjeza maselo ena mu chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi kuti athe kuchitapo kanthu. Mwinamwake mumadziwa bwino maonekedwe a neutrophils popeza ndiwo maselo oyambirira omwe alipo pus. Mukamasulidwa m'mafupa maselowa amakhala ndi maola asanu ndi atatu okha, koma pafupifupi mabiliyoni 100 a maselo amenewa amapangidwa ndi thupi lanu tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Eosinophils - Eosinophils imathandizanso kuthana ndi mabakiteriya ndipo ndi ofunika kwambiri poyankha matenda omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mphutsi.) Iwo amadziwika bwino kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha zizindikiro zawo zowonongeka, pamene akuwoneka bwino chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha chinachake (monga mungu) chimene chimakhulupirira molakwika ndi wotsutsa. Maselo amenewa amawerengera pafupifupi magawo limodzi pa maselo oyera a magazi m'magazi anu koma amakhala pamtunda waukulu m'magazi.
- Basophils - Basophils, komanso ndalama zokha zokhudzana ndi maselo oyera a magazi, ndizofunikira pakukweza mayendedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Maselowa mwina amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha gawo lawo mu mphumu. Pamene maselowa anamasulidwa kumasula histamine pakati pa mankhwala ena. Zogulitsidwa zingabweretse kutukusira ndi kugwedeza kowonongeka mu airways.
- Ma lymphocytes (B lymphocytes ndi T lymphocytes) - Lymphocytes ndizofunikira kwambiri mu chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo maselo a T ali ndi udindo wopha mwachangu adani ambiri achilendo. B lymphocytes (B maselo) , mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya maselo oyera a magazi, ndi omwe amachititsa chitetezo chaumunthu (mosiyana ndi osadziwika bwino omwe ali ndi maselo oyera a magazi). Amapanga ma antibodies omwe "amakumbukira" matenda ndi khalani wokonzeka ngati thupi lanu lidziwululidwa. Maselo amenewa ndi chifukwa cha katemera.
- Monocytes - Maococyte ndiwo magalimoto a zinyalala m'thupi la chitetezo cha mthupi. Pafupifupi asanu mwa magawo asanu a maselo oyera a magazi m'magazi anu ndi monocytes, koma ntchito yawo yofunika kwambiri ndi kusamukira m'magazi ndi kuyeretsa maselo akufa (pakati pa ntchito zina).
Mapangidwe
Maselo oyera amayamba m'kamwa mwa fupa mu njira yotchedwa hematopoiesis . Maselo onse a magazi, kuphatikizapo maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi mapulotete, amachokera ku selo yowonongeka yotchedwa hematopoietic stem cell, kapena "pluripotent" stem cell. Maselo amenewa amasintha (amasiyanitsa) m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Selo la HSC loyamba limagawanika mu mitsempha ya lymphoid , kupyolera mu khungu la mthemphasi kapena selo loyambitsa matenda limayambitsa ma lymphocyte-ma Bymphocyte B kapena "maselo B" ndi Tymphocytes T (maselo T ).
Maselo amtundu wa progenitor amachititsa kuti myeloblasts, yomwe imasiyanitsa m'maselo omwe amakhala maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a "agranulocyte" ndi ma platelets.
Mitsewu ya myeloid imayambitsa macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, ndi eosinophils.
Malemba a Lab
Kawirikawiri maselo oyera a magazi amapezeka pakati pa 4,000 ndi 10,000 maselo / MCL.
Zinthu Zomwe Zikuphatikizapo Msirikali wa Mzungu Wambiri wa Mzungu
Ngakhale mutaganizira za matenda, pali zifukwa zambiri za maselo oyera a m'magazi ambiri. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezereka, kapena mmalo mwa thupi kutulutsa maselo oyera a m'magazi kumayambiriro kwa fupa la fupa.
Pa matenda aakulu, maselo oyera a maso oyera, omwe amatchedwa kuphulika, nthawi zambiri amawoneka m'magazi chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa thupi kuti apeze maselo ambiri a magazi oyera mwamsanga mwamsanga. Zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi zimaphatikizapo. Mavuto a mtundu uliwonse angayambitsenso kumasulidwa kwa maselo oyera a magazi.
- Matenda
- Khansa monga khansa ya leukemias, maimymphomas, ndi myelomas kumene maselo oyera amagazi ambiri amapangidwa.
- Kutupa monga matenda opweteka matumbo ndi matenda osokonekera
- Zoopsa zomwe zimachokera m'magazi ndi kupsinjika maganizo
- Mimba - Mu mimba, chiwerengero cha maselo oyera ndi "kawirikawiri"
- Nthendayi ndi Matenda Aakulu - Ndikumva kupweteka, nthawi zambiri mumawona kuwonjezeka kwa mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa eosinophils
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Mkhalidwe ndi Msirikali wa Mzungu Woyera Werenganinso
Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a m'magazi zimaphatikizapo:
- Matenda owopsa
- Mphuno wa mafupa amawonongeka kapena matenda monga kuphwanya magazi m'thupi, fupa "fupa" ndi khansa ya magazi kapena khansa ya metastatic, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala okhudzana ndi mafupa
- Matenda osokoneza bongo monga lupus
- Kuphwanyidwa kwa "splenic" kumene maselo oyera a magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mu mpeni.
Zizindikiro za Mzungu Wochepa Woyeretsa
Zizindikiro za thupi loyera la magazi likhoza kumvedwa podziwa ntchito ya maselo oyera. Maselo athu oyera m'magazi ndi matupi athu otetezera matenda. Maselo ena ndi mbali ya chitetezo chathu cha mthupi, chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti amabadwa kuchokera ku kubadwa kuti akaukire alendo, ndipo ena ndi mbali ya machitidwe athu aumunthu, kapena amaphunzira chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi opanga ma antibodies pambuyo "akuwona" nyongolosi kuti akonzekere kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Zizindikiro za matenda zingaphatikizepo:
- Fever
- Kukuda
- Kupweteka kapena kuchuluka kwa kukodza
- Magazi m'mabedi
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kufiira, kutupa, kapena kutentha m'deralo
Chemotherapy
Imodzi mwa zotsatira zoyipa ndi zoopsa za chemotherapy ndi chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pa maselo oyera a magazi, makamaka mtundu wa maselo oyera a magazi otchedwa neutrophils. Mazira a chitetezo amatanthauza "oyamba kuyankha" za chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Kuchepa kwa neutrophils pa mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amadziwika kuti chemotherapy-omwe amachititsa neutropenia , amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Sizowonjezera kuti thupi likhale lovuta kuti limenyane ndi matenda omwe ali ndi munthu wopanda neutropenia, koma mabakiteriya omwe sakhala oopsa kwambiri akhoza kuchititsa matenda aakulu.
Kusokonezeka
Kuchokera ku matenda kupita ku khansa, maselo oyera amagazi amagwira ntchito zambiri m'thupi. Maselo amenewa angakhalenso akudwala . Kusowa kwa mtundu umodzi wa maselo oyera amagazi ambiri kumapezeka ndi syndromes angapo. Mitundu yambiri ya maselo (chifukwa cha kuwonongeka) ikupezeka m'mabvuto monga leukemias ndi maymymas.
Komanso: leukocyte
Zitsanzo: Pambuyo pa mankhwala ake a chemotherapy, John anauzidwa kuti chiwerengero chake cha maselo oyera a m'magazi chinali chochepa ndipo ayenera kuyesa kukhala kutali ndi anthu omwe akudwala masiku angapo kuti athe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
> Zotsatira:
> US Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Owerenga Msirikali Wa Mzungu. Kusinthidwa 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm