Kodi Ntchito Yopanga Ma Capillaries Imayendera Motani?
Ma capillaries ndi mitsempha yaing'ono kwambiri ya mthupi, kulumikiza mitsempha yazing'ono kwambiri pamitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri. Ziwiya zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "microcirculation."
Makhalidwe a Capillaries
Ma capillaries ndi owonda kwambiri, pafupifupi 5 micrometer mwake, ndipo amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri okha a maselo; maselo otsiriza a maselo otsirizira komanso mawonekedwe a kunja kwa maselo a epithelial.
Iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri moti maselo ofiira ofiira amayenera kutuluka kudzera mu fayilo imodzi. Ngati ma capillaries onse mu thupi laumunthu anali atayikidwa mu fayilo imodzi, mzerewu ukanatambasula makilomita 100,000. Zakawerengedwa kuti pali mabilila 40 biliyoni mu thupi la munthu. Pakati pa maselo osanjikizidwa ndi chinthu chotchedwa chipinda cham'munsi, mapuloteni ozungulira capillary.
Mapulotera m'dongosolo la circulatory
Ma capillaries angaganizedwe kuti ndilo gawo lapakati la kufalitsa. Magazi amachotsa mtima kudzera mu mitsempha ya aorta ndi mapulmoni kupita ku thupi lonse ndi kumapapo motsatira. Mitsempha yayikuluyi imakhala yaing'ono ya arterioles ndipo potsiriza imapapatiza kuti ipange bedi la capillary. Kuchokera kwa capillaries, magazi amalowa m'mitsempha yaing'ono ndiyeno amalowa m'mitsempha, akubwerera kumtima.
Ntchito ya Capillaries
Ma capillaries ali ndi udindo wotsogolera zoyendetsa ndi kusinthana kwa madzi, madzi, ndi zakudya m'thupi.
Gas Exchange
M'mapapu, mpweya umachokera ku alveoli kupita ku capillaries kuti ugwirizane ndi hemoglobini ndikunyamulidwa thupi lonse. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide (kuchokera ku dyoxygengenated blood) umatuluka kuchokera ku capillaries kubwerera ku alveoli kuti ukhale wotayika ku chilengedwe.
Kusinthasintha kwa Fluid ndi Eutrient
Mofananamo, madzi ndi zakudya zimayambira kudzera m'magazi a thupi, ndipo zotayidwa zimatengedwa m'mapilisi kuti azitengedwera m'mitsempha ku impso ndi chiwindi kumene amathetsedwera ndi kuchotsedwa m'thupi.
Mitundu ya Capillaries
Pali mitundu itatu yoyamba ya capillaries:
- Kupitilira - Awa operesi alibe mapuloteni ndipo amalola maselo ang'onoang'ono kuti apitirire. Zilipo minofu, khungu, mafuta, ndi minofu.
- Zowonongeka - Izi zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono apitirire m'mimba, m'mitsempha, impso, ndi matenda a endocrine.
- Sinusoidal kapena discontinuous - Awa capillaries ali otsegula pores-yaikulu mokwanira kulola maselo a magazi kupyolera. Iwo alipo mu fupa, mafupa, ndi ntchentche, ndipo, makamaka, ndi "leakiest" ya capillaries.
- Mitsempha ya m'magazi - Mukatikatikati mwa mitsempha yotchedwa capillaries amapanga chomwe chimadziwika ngati chotchinga cha magazi . Cholepheretsa ichi chimachepetsa mphamvu za poizoni (ndipo, mwatsoka, mankhwala ambiri a chemotherapy) kudutsa mu ubongo.
Magazi Amayenda Kupyolera Mwa Capillaries
Popeza magazi amatha kupyolera m'magazi a capillaries amathandiza kwambiri kuti thupi likhalebe, mukhoza kudabwa zomwe zimachitika pamene magazi akusintha, mwachitsanzo, ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kungabweretse ( hypotension .) Mabedi a capilla amayendetsedwa kudzera mu chinachake chotchedwa kuvomereza, kuti ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kungagwe, kutuluka m'magazi a capillaries kudzapitiriza kupereka oxygen ndi zakudya ku ziwalo za thupi.
Pokhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, mabedi ochulukirapo ambiri amatumizidwa m'mapapu kukonzekera kuwonjezeka kwafunika kwa mpweya m'magazi a thupi.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi mu capillaries kumayendetsedwa ndi precapillary sphincters. Ndalama zotchedwa sphincter ndi mitsempha yambiri yomwe imayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka magazi pakati pa arterioles ndi capillaries.
Capillary Microcirculation
Ulamuliro wa madzimadzi oyendayenda pakati pa capillaries ndi zigawo zozungulira zogonana zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ziwiri: hydrostatic pressure ndi osmotic.
Pamwamba pamtundu wa capillary, hydrostatic pressure (vuto lomwe limachokera ku mtima kupopera magazi ndi kutsika kwa mitsempha) ndilopamwamba.
Popeza ma capillaries ali "otayika" kuponderezedwa kumeneku kumayambitsa madzi ndi zakudya pamakoma a capillary ndikupita kumalo ndi minofu.
Pamphepete mwa capillary, kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic kwatsikira kwambiri. Pakali pano, ndikumangirira kwa osmotic ya madzi mkati mwa capillary (chifukwa cha kukhala ndi mchere ndi mapuloteni m'magazi) zomwe zimabweretsa madzi mmbuyo mwa capillary. Kupsyinjika kwa osmotic kumatchedwanso kuthamanga kwa oncotic ndipo ndikutulutsa madzi ndi zowonongeka kuchokera m'matumbo ndikulowa m'magazi (ndiyeno amaperekedwa ku impso pakati pa malo ena.)
Number of Capillaries
Chiwerengero cha capillaries mu minofu chimasiyana kwambiri. Ndithudi, mapapo ali ndi ma capillaries ozungulira alveoli kuti atenge oksijeni ndi kusiya carbon dioxide. Kunja kwa mapapu, capillaries ali ochulukanso m'matenda omwe amakhala opatsa mphamvu kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a Capillaries '
Khungu blanching - Ngati munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake khungu lanu limakhala loyera ngati mutayikaniza yankho lanu ndi capillaries. Kupanikizika khungu kumayendetsa magazi kuchokera m'magazi a capillaries kumayambitsa maonekedwe a blanching kapena otumbululuka pamene chipsinjo chikuchotsedwa.
Kugwiritsanso kachipangizo - Madokotala nthawi zambiri amafufuza "capillary refill." Izi zimayesedwa mwa kuyang'ana momwe khungu limasinthira mofulumira kachiwiri mukatha kutulutsidwa ndipo akhoza kupereka lingaliro la thanzi la tizilombo. Chitsanzo cha ntchito imeneyi chikanakhala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zotentha. Kutentha kwachiwiri kungawonetse kuti kudzoza kwa capillary kungachedwetsedwe, koma poyipira pachitatu, sipadzakhalanso kukonzanso.
Odzidzimutsa kawirikawiri nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kudzoza capillary mwa kukankhira pampando kapena kumangirira, kenako kumasula kukakamizidwa ndikudikirira kuti nthawi yayitali kuti msomali awoneke ngati pinki kachiwiri. Ngati mtundu ubwerera mkati mwa masekondi awiri (kuchuluka kwa nthawi kumatchula kuti capillary refill), kufalikira kwa mkono kapena mwendo mwina ndibwino. Ngati mankhwala a capillary amatenga masekondi osachepera awiri, kufalikira kwa chiwalo mwina kumangokhalira kusokonezeka ndikuwoneka kuti ndidzidzidzi. Palinso zochitika zina zomwe kapillary refill imachedweranso, monga kuchepa madzi.
Kupatukana kwachitatu ndi capillary kuimika - Mwamva madokotala akulankhula za chinthu chodziwika kuti "katatu katatu." Kaperepala wongowonjezera umatanthawuza kuti mphamvu yamadzi imatha kuchoka ku capillaries kupita kumtundu wozungulira. Kaperepala wothandizira amatha kuwonjezeka ndi cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, ndi prostaglandins) yotulutsidwa ndi maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuwonjezeka kwa madzi (kutayika kwachitatu) kumudzi kungabweretse ming'oma. Ngati wina akudwala kwambiri, katatu katatu chifukwa cha ma capillaries othawa amatha kufalikira, kuwonetsa thupi lawo kutuluka.
Zoperekera magazi m'magazi - Nthawi zambiri mukakhala ndi magazi anu, wothandizira amatenga magazi kuchokera mu mitsempha m'manja mwanu. Magazi amagazi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyesa magazi, monga awo omwe amayang'ana shuga lawo la magazi. Lancet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula chala (kudula capillaries) ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa shuga ndi magazi pH.
Zomwe Zimakhudza Ma Capillaries
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zachizolowezi komanso zachilendo zomwe zimaphatikizapo capillaries. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
Madontho a vinyo wamapoto - "chizindikiro chobadwira" - Pafupifupi 1 pa ana 300 amabadwa ndi "zizindikiro za kubadwa" zomwe zimakhala ndi khungu lofiira kapena lofiirira lomwe limakhudzana ndi capillaries. Madontho ambiri a vinyo wamakono ndi vuto la zodzikongoletsera m'malo modandaula ndi zachipatala, koma amatha kutuluka magazi mosavuta akamakwiya.
Matenda a capillary - matenda osokoneza bongo - Capillary malformation angapezeke ngati mbali ya matenda obadwa nawo omwe alipo pafupifupi 1,000 mwa anthu 100,000 a makolo a ku Ulaya. Mu matendawa, pamakhala magazi ochulukirapo kusiyana ndi opaleshoni pafupi ndi khungu, zomwe zimabweretsa madontho a pinki ndi ofiira pakhungu. Izi zikhoza kuchitika paokha, kapena anthu akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena a matendawa monga ziphuphu zoopsa (kugwirizana kosagwirizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi mitsempha) zomwe, mu ubongo, zingayambitse mutu ndi kupweteka.
Matenda owopsa a capillary - Matenda osadziwika omwe amadziwika kuti capillary leak syndrome amaphatikizapo makoswe amadzimadzi omwe amachititsa kuti chisamaliro cha minofu chikhalepo nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zofooka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuchuluka kwachizungu - Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, chomwe chimayambitsa khungu ku United States, kumachitika chachiwiri kuti chiwonongeke m'ma capillaries a retina.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolemba Zanyumba Zachibadwa. Capillary Malformation - Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome. Lofalitsidwa 11/08/16.
> National Library of Medicine. Mipira.