Mmene Amagwirira Ntchito ndi Chimene Chimawachititse
The bronchioles ndi mbali yofunikira pa njira yopuma. Ndiwo mavesi omwe mpweya umachokera ku mphuno ndi pakamwa kupita ku alveoli (air bags) kumapeto kwa mtengo wopuma , monga ngati nthambi zikuluzikulu mu njira yopuma, ma bronchioles alibe cartilage.
Makhalidwe a Bronchioles
Momwe mpweya umatulutsira, umatengera mu trachea ndikulowa mu bronchus .
Chitsamba chachikulu cha bronchus chimagawanikanso mu bronchi (imodzi pamapapu) omwe amapitiriza kugawidwa asanakhale bronchioles. Pamene bronchioles amakulirakulira pang'onopang'ono, ngati nthambi za mtengo, amadziwika ndi alveolus. Apa ndi pamene kutumizidwa kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide kumagazi kumachitika.
Ma bronchioles amagawanika kukhala mitundu itatu, aliyense amakhala wochepa pang'onopang'ono:
- Lobular bronchioles (lalikulu lobes)
- Rerminal bronchioles (ganizirani mapeto a kusintha)
- Mankhwala odziteteza (omwe amawatsogolera kutsogolo kwa mphepo)
Mphuno yotchedwa lobular ndi terminal yotchedwa bronchioles imadziwika kuti "malo otha" chifukwa chakuti palibe mpweya umene umapezeka mu maulendo awa. The bronchioles okha ali aang'ono, kuyambira 0.5 mpaka 1 mm m'mimba mwake.
Ntchito ya Bronchioles
Ngakhale kuti bronchi imakhala ndi mphete yomwe imathandiza kuti imitsegulire, ma bronchioles ali ndi minofu yosalala.
Izi zimawathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi kusinthasintha, ndikuyendetsa bwino kutuluka kwa mpweya pamene ikupita ku alveoli.
Pamapeto pake, amawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka ku zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zingawachititse kuti agwirizane, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa. Kutchedwa kusokoneza mphamvu , yankho limeneli lingayambitsidwe ndi utsi wa ndudu, utsi woopsa, mpweya wozizira, ndi zina zotero, pakati pa zinthu zina.
Ngakhale kuti bronchiole yowonongeka imakhala kuti ikupweteketsa kunja kwa mlengalenga, ikhoza kuyambitsa kupuma, nthawi zina kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, adrenaline ndi mahomoni ena amamasulidwa ndi thupi kuti athe kuchepetsa nkhawa ndikulola mpweya kubwerera m'magawo.
Mtundu umodzi wa selo umene umapezeka mu bronchioles (wotchedwa mtundu 2 wa alveolar cell) ndi umene umayambitsa kusungunuka kwa zinthu (zotchedwa surfactants) zomwe zimatsimikizira bronchioles kuti zisagwe mu nthawi yotuluka kunja. Mtundu wina wa maselo (wotchedwa maselo a gulu) amateteza mapuloteni omwe amathetsa poizoni zilizonse zomwe zikhoza kupeza njira yawo pansi pa mtengo wopuma.
Kusokonezeka kwa Bronchioles
Pamene bronchioles alibe cartilage kuti awathandize, amakhala okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo ndi / kapena kutsekemera kwa airways. Izi zikachitika, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kupuma , kupuma pang'ono, kupuma kovuta ( kubwezeretsa ), ndi cyanosis (khungu la bluish chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa oksijeni).
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito ya bronchioles. Mwa iwo:
- Bronchiolitis ndi kutupa kwa bronchioles kawirikawiri kumawonedwa kwa ana a pakati pa zaka zitatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi monga kupuma kwa syncytial virus (RSV) ndi fuluwenza. Chithandizo chachikulu chimayang'ana kuthetsa zizindikiro mpaka matenda atha. Pa milandu yoopsa, mpweya wabwino ungakhale wofunikira.
- Nthendayi imayambitsidwa makamaka ndi zotsekula kapena poizoni mlengalenga. Matenda opatsirana amatha kuyambitsa matenda a mphumu mwa ana. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya (bronchodilators) komanso kuthetseratu kapena kupeŵa chilichonse chodziwika bwino.
- Matenda a bronchiolitis obliterans ndi achilendo komanso ovuta kwambiri makamaka omwe amakhudza akuluakulu omwe bronchioles amawopsya komanso amawombera, amachititsa kuti munthu asapume bwino. Zotsatirazi zimaphatikizapo kuwonetsa utsi wa poizoni, matenda opatsirana, ziwalo za thupi, ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Matenda a bronchiolitis obliterans ndi osasinthika ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika mpweya wabwino wa oxygen komanso kugwiritsa ntchito steroids. Pazirombo zoopsa, kuika mapapo kungakhale kofunika.
> Chitsime
- > National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute: National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Njira Yopuma Kutentha." Bethesda, Maryland; July 17, 2012.