Matenda a Polymyositis Ndi a Gulu Lalikulu la Matenda Odziwika monga Myositis
Polymyositis ndi systemic, yotupa minofu matenda, makamaka amadziwika ndi minofu zofooka. Ndi mbali ya matenda omwe amatchedwa myositis, kutanthauza kutupa kwa minofu. Matenda a poymysiyiti amakhudza minofu yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi thunthu la thupi, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi minofu ina ingakhale yogwirizana. Kawirikawiri, polymyositis ikuyamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamene imatha kukhala ndi wina aliyense, kuphatikizapo ana, sizimakhudza anthu ochepera zaka 18.
Kawirikawiri, zimakhudza anthu a zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 60. Ma poymyitisitis amakhudza akazi ambiri kuposa amuna, ndi chiŵerengero cha ziwiri kapena chimodzi.
Dermatomyositis ndi ofanana ndi kutupa thupi kwa polymyositis, kusiyana kwake kuti dermatomyositis imakhudzanso khungu. Matenda a poymysiyiti amatha kuphatikizapo khansa zina, kuphatikizapo lymphoma , khansa ya m'mawere , khansara yamapapo , khansa ya m'mimba , ndi khansa yamtundu . Matenda a polymyositis amatha kuchitika ndi matenda ena a rheumatic, monga systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), odwala matenda a nyamakazi , nyamakazi , nyamakazi ya lupus erythematosus , ndi sarcoidosis .
Chifukwa cha Polymyositis
Ngakhale chifukwa cha polymyitisitis chimanenedwa kuti sichidziwika, zimawoneka kuti ubale ndiwo chinthu. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chokhachokha chimene chimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi minofu chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa choyambirira. HLA subtypes -DR3, -DR52, ndi -DR6 zikuwoneka kuti ikukhudzana ndi chithunzichi.
Pakhoza kukhalanso ndi chowopsya, mwinamwake tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena khansara yomwe ilipo kale.
Zizindikiro za Polymyositis
Kufooka kwa minofu, monga tanenera pamwambapa, ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Kufooka kwa minofu kumayanjanitsidwa ndi polymyositis kungapitirire pa masabata kapena miyezi. Mogwirizana ndi Buku la Merck, kuwonongeka kwa 50 peresenti ya minofu ya minofu kumayambitsa zofooka zazitsimikizo, kutanthauza, panthawi imeneyo myositis yakula kwambiri.
Mavuto ambiri ogwira ntchito omwe amapezeka ndi polymyositis akuphatikizapo kukwera pa mpando, kukwera masitepe, ndi kukweza manja. Kufooka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi mapewa kungapangitse kuti akhale ogona kapena olumala. Ngati minofu ya m'khosi imakhudzidwa, zingakhale zovuta kukweza mutu kuchokera pamtsamiro. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mitsempha yambiri ndi yochepa kwambiri ingakhudze kumeza. Chochititsa chidwi, minofu ya manja, mapazi, ndi nkhope sizikuphatikizidwa mu polymyositis.
Pakhoza kukhala mgwirizano wogwirizanitsa womwe ukuwoneka ngati wofatsa polyarthralgia kapena polyarthritis . Izi zimawoneka mu gawo la odwala omwe ali ndi Jo-1 kapena ma antibodies ena.
Zizindikiro zina zogwirizana ndi polymyitisitis zingakhalepo:
- kutopa kwathunthu
- kupuma pang'ono
- zowonongeka kwa mawu chifukwa cha mitsempha ya khosi
- malungo
- kusowa kwa njala
Kuzindikira kwa Polymyositis
Monga ndi matenda alionse, dokotala wanu angaganizire mbiri yanu yachipatala ndikuchita kafukufuku wathunthu monga gawo la njira yothandizira. Mayeso a magazi angayambe kulamulidwa kuti ayang'ane kupezeka kwa ma antibodies omwe amadzipangitsa kuti azidzipiritsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma electromyography ndi mayesero opangira mitsempha kungathandize dokotala kudziwa zambiri zowunikira.
MRI ya minofu yokhudzidwayo imayikidwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mayeso a mkodzo angayang'ane myoglobin, mapuloteni m'maselo a minofu omwe amamasulidwa m'magazi ndipo amayeretsedwa ndi impso pamene minofu yawonongeka. Mayeso a magazi kuti aone kuchuluka kwake kwa michere ya maselo a seramu, monga CK ndi aldolase, akhoza kulamulidwa ndi kuchitidwa. Ndi minofu yowonongeka, miyendo ya michere ya minofu imakhala ikukwera. Kuyezetsa magazi kwina, ANA (antitinuclear antibody test test) , imakhala yabwino kwa 80 peresenti ya anthu okhala ndi polymyositis.
Pamapeto pake, mitsempha ya minofu ikhoza kuchitidwa pofuna kutsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi opangidwa ndi polymyositis.
Nthendayi ikulimbikitsidwa musanayambe mankhwala kuti matenda ena ammimba asatuluke.
Chithandizo cha Polymyositis
Corticosteroids pa mlingo waukulu ndilo mzere woyamba wa mankhwala a polymyitisitis kuchepa kutupa mu minofu. Ngati izo zokha sizikwanira, ma immunosuppressants akhoza kuwonjezedwa ku dongosolo la mankhwala. Mavitamini omwe angaganizidwe ndi monga methotrexate (rheumatrex), azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate (CellCept), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), rituximab (Rituxan), cyclosporine (Sandimmune), ndi IV immunoglobulin (IVIG).
Mapulotisitiyiti omwe amagwidwa ndi khansa nthawi zambiri samamvera corticosteroids. Kuchotsa mimba, ngati n'kotheka, kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri pa matenda a khansa ya myositis.
Mawu Ochokera
Ndi mankhwala oyambirira kwa polymyositis, kukhululukidwa n'zotheka. Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu kwa akuluakulu ndi polymyositis, malinga ndi Merck Manual, ndi 75-80 peresenti. Imfa ikhoza kuwonongeka ndi zotsatira za kufooka kwakukulu ndi kupitirira patsogolo kwa minofu. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wamagazi kapena mapulumu amaoneka kuti ali ndi vuto loipa kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kunenedwanso za polymyositis odwala khansa.
Kuyeza kansa kukulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo. Dziwani kufunikira kokhala ndi kansalu nthawi zonse. Kupeza khansa yosapezeke ikhoza kukhala chinsinsi chothandizira kusintha matenda anu ndi polymyositis.
> Zotsatira:
> Clinic Cleveland, Polymyositis, http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/polymyositis. Kusinthidwa Sep. 2015.
> Hajj-ali, RA., MD. Polymyositis ndi Dermatomyositis. Merck Manual. Professional Version. Kuwonetsedwa / Kukonzedwanso June 2013.
> MedlinePlus, Polymyositis - Achikulire. Kusinthidwa ndi Gordon A. Starkebaum, MD. January 20, 2015.
> Nagaraju K, et al. "Kutupa Kwambiri Minofu ndi Myopathie Zina." Kelley's Textbook ya Rheumatology. 2016.