Funso:
Ndili ndi pacemaker yomwe inayikidwa pafupifupi zaka eyiti zapitazo. Pa kufufuza kwanga komalizira, dokotala wanga anandiuza kuti batri yanga ya pacemaker ikufika pansi ndipo iyenera kuti ikhale m'malo mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira. Chabwino, ndikuyembekezera kuti izi zichitike nthawi ina. Koma dokotala wanga akunena kuti mmalo mowika batiri yatsopano, pacemaker yonse iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo yatsopano imayikidwa. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zonyansa. Chifukwa chiyani sangangobwezeretsa batteries mu pacemaker yomwe ndakhala nayo kale, kapena bwino, ndikuika mu batiri yowonjezera monga ine ndiri nayo iPhone yanga?
Yankho: Awa ndi mafunso abwino kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyambe mwa kufufuza mwachidule zomwe pacemaker ndi zomwe zimachita. Ndiye tilankhani mafunso anu enieni okhudza mabatire a pacemaker.
Wopanga Zamapanga - Kubwereza Mwamsanga
Kawirikawiri, cholinga cha pacemaker ndikuteteza zizindikiro kuchokera ku matenda a sinus syndrome kapena mtima , zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa mtima wanu kuthamanga mokwanira kuti ukhale ndi zizindikiro (monga kumutu , palpitations kapena syncope ).
Chombo cha pacemaker chimakhala ndi makompyuta ochepa koma ovuta, mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu a kompyuta, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi batri - zonse zinkatsekedwa mkati mwa chidebe chaching'ono. (Chimodzimodzinso pacemaker lero ndi kukula kwa chidutswa cha 50 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi katatu kukhala wandiweyani.) Zimapangidwa pansi pa khungu, pansi pa collarbone, ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zitsogolere - kapena mtima wako zipinda.
Wokonzetsa pachipatala amawunika mtima wako, kumenyedwa-ndi-kumenya, ndipo amapanga zisankho za kanthawi kochepa kapena ayi. Ngati chiwerengero cha mtima wanu chikugwera pansi pamtengo wotsimikiziridwa, zimakhala "kuyenda" mwakutumiza mtima wochulukirapo pamtima pogwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera, motero kumalimbikitsa mtima wanu kumenya.
Akatswiri opanga opanga zitsulo amayenera kuthetsa mavuto angapo ovuta, chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri ndi momwe angasungire pacemaker bwino, mkati mwa thupi la munthu, kwa zaka zingapo.
Thupi laumunthu Ndi Malo Okhwima Kwa Pacemaker
Mkati mwa thupi la munthu ndi malo ofunda, amchere, ndi amchere - malo ovuta kwambiri kwa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi. Choncho pakati pazinthu zina, pacemaker iyenera kukhala yosindikizidwa (kusunga chinyezi ndi madzi amadzimadzi), ndipo zida zake zosakanikirana zamagetsi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zikhale ndi moyo ndikukhalabe m'dera lamtendereli kwa nthawi yaitali. Akatswiri akupanga bwino kwambiri pomanga zipangizozi kuti zikhale zaka zambiri, ndipo kuchepa kwa anthu osokoneza bongo, makamaka, kumakhala pansi pa 1% patatha zaka zisanu.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti otetezera mtendere akhale osindikizidwa kuti aziteteza zipangizozi ku malo ovuta omwe ayenera kuchita. Ngati opanga pachipatala amatha kutsegulidwa kuti batteries ayambe kusindikizidwa, kusindikizidwa kwa hermetic sikungatheke. M'malo mwake, batiri ayenera kusindikizidwa kosatha mkati mwa chipangizochi, pamodzi ndi zida zina zonse zamagetsi zovuta.
Izi zikutanthawuza chifukwa chake n'kosatheka kupanga opanga mavitamini ndi mabatire omwe angathe kusintha.
N'chifukwa chiyani mabatire a Pacemaker sangathe kuwomboledwa?
Njira yothetsera mabatire opanda waya (njira yomwe imatchedwanso kuthamanga kwachinyengo) yakhala ikuzungulira kwa zaka makumi angapo, ndipo mukhoza kugula mafoni a m'manja opanda mafoni masiku ano.
Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani makampani opanga pacemaker sapanga zowononga?
Mungadabwe kumva kuti oyambira pachimake kuyambira 1958 anali ndi mabakiteriya otchedwa nickel-cadmium (NiCad), ndipo anthu ambiri amakhulupilira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire oyeneranso nthawi zonse kudzakhala kofunikira pa zipangizo zamagetsi.
Omwe amapanga chipangizo chowombera amatsitsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito malaya opangira khungu, pafupi ndi pacemaker, kwa maola angapo. Njirayi idayenera kubwerezedwa masiku onse ochepa.
Otha kupulumutsidwa osachiritsika analephera pa zifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, ngakhale kuti amatha kubwezeretsa, mabatire a NiCad amakhala ndi moyo wautali, kotero kuti othawa mtenderewa adayenera kuwongolera nthawi zambiri.
Koma makamaka chofunikira kwambiri, ndi chikhalidwe chaumunthu, anthu omwe ali ndi zipsyinjo nthawi zina sankatha kubwezeretsa zipangizo zawo malinga ndi ndondomeko yoyenera yomwe iwo adawapatsa. Malamulowa anadziwitsa makampani opanga chipangizo chamoto kuti ngati wodwalayo angavulazidwe chifukwa chakuti pulogalamu yake yasiya kugwira ntchito - kaya vutoli linali lolakwika chifukwa cha kampaniyo kapena chifukwa chakuti wanyalanyaza kubwezeretsa chipangizochi - zotsatila milandu zotsatirazi zingawonongeke.
M'zaka zingapo, mabatire a mercury-zinc anapangidwa kuti athe kuyendetsa mpweya wopitirira zaka ziwiri. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, mabatire a lithiamu-iodide anapangidwa kuti athetse mphamvu ya pacemaker kutalika motere: kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10. Kotero chosowa chofunikira cha anthu otha kupeweratu chiwerewere chichepa, pomwe kuopsezedwa kwa milandu sikunayende.
Chifukwa cha chitukuko chonse cha sayansi ndi ntchito yalamulo, anthu opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa anasiya mwamsanga.
Chifukwa Chiyani Satha Kupanga Mabatire a Pacemaker Kwanthaŵi Yaitali Kwambiri kuposa Yemwe Akuchita Tsopano?
Zoona zake n'zakuti, amatha kupanga mabatire a pacemaker omwe amatha motalika kwambiri kuposa momwe amachitira tsopano. Ndipotu, m'ma 1960s ndi 1970, makampani ochepa a pacemaker anapanga zida zankhondo zopanga nyukiliya zomwe zinkapatsidwa ndi plutinium-238 - zomwe zili ndi moyo wa zaka 87 - kotero otetezedwawo anali otsimikiza kuti sadzatuluka "madzi" pa nthawi ya wodwalayo. Zoonadi, ena mwa anthu opanga mtenderewa akadathabe kugwira ntchito lero.
Panali mavuto ena owonekera ndi ovutitsa nyukiliya: choyamba, plutonium ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale ngati minuscule ikutha kulowa m'magazi, imfa imatha kufulumira. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti plutonium ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa olamulira (komanso ngakhale zinthu zosautsa pakati pa chitukuko chathu), anthu omwe ali ndi ziwawa zimenezi, amakumana ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, pamene amayesa kuyenda kunja. Madokotala omwe adayambitsa zipangizozi anafunidwa, pansi pa lamulo lokhazikitsidwa ndi Komiti ya Nuclear Regulatory Commission, kuti abwezeretse anthu othawa mtendere pa imfa ya wodwalayo, zomwe (chifukwa odwala achokapo ndi madokotala akuthawa ntchito) zinatsimikizirika kuti sizingatheke.
Palinso vuto losaoneka bwino lomwe ndi opanga mavitamini omwe mabatire awo amakhala "kosatha." Chowonadi ndi chakuti zipangizo zonse zamagetsi zimatha kulephera. Zida zamagetsi zimatha, kapena zimangotayika.Koma pacemaker imalephera chifukwa bateri imatha, Chochitika chodziŵika bwino, monga momwe mwanenera, dokotala wanu amadziwa kuti bateri yanu ya pacemaker idzalephera mu chaka chotsatira kapena kotero, ndipo ndiye akukonzekera malo osankhidwa a pacemaker m'malo mwanu. Koma ngati pacemaker yanu ikanalephera chifukwa chimodzi mwa Zina mwazipangizo zamagetsi mkati mwake zinasiya kugwira ntchito ..., kuti kulepheretsa pacemaker kungakhale koopsa.Zingatheke kuyenda mwadzidzidzi popanda chenjezo - ndipo mukhoza kuvulazidwa kwambiri.
Ngati makampani anayamba kupanga zida zouma zida zomwe mabatire ankatenga zaka zoposa 5 mpaka 10, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zamakono zomwe zilipo lerolino, ambiri opanga pachipatala amatha kuvutika mosayembekezereka, ndi zovuta. M'malo mwake, zokondweretsa mtima zimapangidwa kotero kuti chigawo choyamba chimene "chingalephere" ndi batteries, ndipo popeza "kulephera" kumeneku kunganenedweratu, chipangizocho chingasinthidwe musanayambe kugwira ntchito.
Ndizotheka, ndithudi - ndipo mwina - kuti m'tsogolomu, zigawo zina zamagetsi zowonjezera zomwe zimayenera kupanga zomanga mtendere zidzakhala zopangidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri popanda ndalama-zoletsedwa. Tsiku limenelo lidzafika, akatswiri angathe kupanga mabatire omwe angakhalepo nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe amachitira lero.
Koma ndi zamakono zamakono, kachipangizo kameneka kamene kamakhala zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (10) ndikukhala "engineering" - tsopano.
Mawu Ochokera
Makina opangira pulasitiki ndi opanga zodabwitsa, ndipo athandiza kwambiri komanso kudalirika kuchokera pamene zipangizozi zinakhazikitsidwa. Koma palibenso malo osintha. Kafukufuku wambiri ndi chitukuko chikuchitika ndi opanga opanga mpweya kuti apange zipangizo zosavuta kukhazikitsa, ngakhale zotetezeka, ndipo zidzakhala motalika kwambiri kuposa momwe zikuchitira lero - mwina, kwa moyo wa munthu amene amalandira imodzi.
> Zotsatira:
> Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF / AHA / HRS Kukonzekera Kwambiri kwa Zotsatira za 2008 za Chithandizo cha Chipangizo cha Cardiac Rhythm Zolakwika: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines ndi Heart Rhythm Society. Kuthamanga kwa 2012; 126: 1784.