Mapuloteni anu ndi ofunika kwambiri. Apa ndi momwe amakutetezera
Lymphocyte ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka magazi komwe kamathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thupi lanu ku matenda.
Mankhwala amtunduwu amamenyana ndi ma antibodies, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuti asiye ndikuchotseratu zigawenga monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala oopsa. Lymphocytes imaphaponso maselo m'thupi lanu omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi kumasula mankhwala kuti achenjeze maselo ena a ngozi.
Ngakhale pali umboni wina wakuti mtundu wina wa ma lymphocytes ungamenyane ndi kuwononga wodwala wodwalayo, chifukwa mbali zambiri zimachoka ku ntchito imeneyi ku mitundu ina ya maselo oyera, kuphatikizapo phagocytes. (Phagocytes amagwira ntchito makamaka pomeza ndi kumenyana ndi adani omwe thupi lanu limawoneka ngati loopseza, monga mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tochepa.)
Lymphocytes, panthawiyi, amayenda kuzungulira thupi lanu kudzera mu mitsempha yotchedwa lymphatic system, yomwe ili gawo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Zilonda zamakono zimanyamula madzi ozizira, kuphatikizapo ma lymphocytes ndi maselo ena oyera a magazi, mu thupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma lymphocytes: T maselo ndi maselo B. Aliyense ali ndi udindo wapadera woti azitha kuchita mu thanzi lanu. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza iwo.
Kodi T Cell Lymphocytes N'chiyani?
Ntchito ya T cell lymphocytes ndiyo kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira maselo anu kuti athane ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Pamene ma lymphocyte amatenga selo amene ali ndi mabakiteriya kapena kachilomboka, mpweya wotchedwa lymphocyte udzapitiriza kupha selo (ndipo ndithudi udzakumbukira wothandizira, choncho ukhoza kuchita mofulumira nthawi yomweyo pamene akukumana ndi vuto lomweli).
Matenda a t cell T amaphepanso maselo a kansa, chifukwa chake njira imodzi yokha yothetsera khansa imaphatikizapo kudzipatula, kuchulukitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito maselo a T enieni kuti amenyane ndi khansa yeniyeni. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali umboni wina wakuti T cell lymphocytes ingathenso kukutetezani ku mabakiteriya pakugwira ndikupha mabakiteriyawo.
T "T" mu selo ya T imaphatikizapo thymus, kachilombo kakang'ono m'chifuwa chanu pamene maselo a T amakula mukamapangidwa ndi mafupa anu, ndipo asanatumizidwe kuti ayang'ane thupi lanu.
Kodi B-Cell Lymphocytes N'chiyani?
B cell lymphocytes sizimenyana ndi kupha maselo, mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya okha. M'malomwake, amapanga mapuloteni otchedwa antibodies omwe amamatira kumalo osokoneza bongo, omwe amalepheretsa anthu othawa nawowa kuti awatsutse ndi mbali zina za chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.
Ngakhale selo lililonse la B limapanga kachilombo kamodzi kokha, thupi lanu lalikulu la B-maselo amadziwika kuti ali ndi nthenda zopanda malire ndipo amapanga ma antibodies osiyanasiyana kuti amenyane nawo.
Mofanana ndi T cell lymphocytes, maselo a B cell amymphocytes amapangidwanso m'mafupa. Iwo amakula mu ntchentche yanu.
Kodi Cholakwika N'chiyani ndi Lymphocytes?
Nthawi zambiri ma lymphocytes amadzichitira zinthu zabwino.
Mu matenda omwe amadzimadzimutsa , mwachitsanzo, T cell lymphocytes amadzimenya molakwika minofu yanu, ndikuyesa maselo anu kuti asamenyane nawo. Matenda a Celiac , mwachitsanzo, amaphatikizapo chiwonongeko chokhachokha m'matumbo a m'mimba mwako. Asayansi sadziwa chomwe chimapangitsa maselo a T kuchita izi.
Mutha kukhalanso ndi khansara yomwe imakhudza makamaka ma lymphocytes anu. Mtundu uwu wa khansa umatchedwa matenda a Hodgkin kapena osakhala Hodgkin lymphoma . Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a Hodgkin ndi a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ndipo mtundu womwe uli nawo umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa ma lymphocytes omwe akukhudzidwa. Matenda a Hodgkin amaphatikizapo B cell lymphocytes zokha, mwachitsanzo, pomwe si-Hodgkin lymphoma ingakhale ndi B cell kapena T cell lymphocytes.
Zotsatira:
Cruz-Adalia A et al. Maselo a T amapha mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka ndi kutsekula m'magazi kuchokera ku maselo otchedwa dendritic ndipo amapereka chitetezo ku mbewa. Magulu Ogonjetsa & Mafilimu . 2014 May 14; 15 (5): 611-22.
Sharpe M et al. Matenda a T enieni omwe ali ndi khansa: mwayi ndi zovuta. Zida Zamakono ndi Njira . 2015 Apr; 8 (4): 337-50.
US Library of Medicine. Zolemba za ma lymphocytes. Idapezeka pa Jan. 16, 2016.