Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ndichifukwa ninji gluten ndi kovuta kupeŵa?
Mukafufuza ka gluten, mudzapeza mawuwa omwe ali ndi matanthawuzo awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri - omwe amamasulira mapuloteni osungirako omwe amapezeka ku mbewu zambiri, ndipo zomwe zimakhudza ife omwe timadya zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Gluten, mu maonekedwe ake, amangotanthauza mapuloteni udzu wa zomera zomwe zimamera mu mbewu zawo (zomwe timazidziwa monga mbewu) kuti tithandizire ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbadwo wotsatira wa zomera.
Mbewu zonse zimakhala ndi gluten - chimanga gluten, mwachitsanzo, zimagwira ntchito ngati feteleza ndi udzu wamsongo, pamene mpunga wodula umapezeka m'ma mbale ambiri a Thai. Komabe, mbewuzo - komanso gluten mwazo - zimakhala zotetezeka bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac komanso mphamvu zowonongeka (zomwe zimatchedwanso kuti gluten kusalana kapena gluten allergies).
Ndilo gluten yomwe imapezeka mumagulu ang'onoang'ono a tirigu - Banja la Pooideae la banja la Poaceae la udzu - zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe timachita mwa ife omwe tili ndi matenda a celiac kapena omwe ali otupa. Banja la Pooideae limaphatikizapo tirigu, balere, rye, ndi oats.
Munthu wina akamanena kuti akutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi, samapewa guden. M'malo mwake, akupewa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu Pooideae.
Gluten Amapangitsa Kuti Mphuno Ukhale Wosakaniza
Gluten tirigu, balere, ndi rye kwenikweni kwenikweni ali ndi mapuloteni awiri: gliadin ndi glutenin.
Pamene ziwirizi zimagwirizanitsa panthawi yophika, zimapanga chithunzithunzi, chowongolera, ngati glue chomwe chimapatsa mkate ndi zinthu zina zophika ndi zokongoletsa komanso zooneka bwino.
Gluten imathandizanso kuti mtanda wa mkate ukhale ndi ming'alu (fermenting) yomwe imachokera ku mtanda wokha, kuti mtanda ukhale wouluka ndi kuwala.
Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti mapuloteni a gluten omwe ali m'mbewu zina samapatsa mphamvu zomwezo, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha gluten.
Ndi makhalidwe awa muzophika zomwe zinapangitsa kuti tirigu wamakono aziwoneka bwino (komanso pang'ono ndi balere ndi rye). Ndipotu tirigu wamakono ali ndi zomera zambiri kuposa tirigu wakale monga Einkorn tirigu ndi tirigu, omwe amachititsa kuti tirigu wamasiku ano akhale oopsa kwambiri kwa ife omwe timachita ndi gluten.
Ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti zimakhala zovuta kupewa: Tirigu ndi mbewu zitatu ku US (kumbuyo kwa chimanga ndi soya), ndi mahekitala 54.6 miliyoni mu 2015 komanso 2,5 biliyoni mabela (poyerekezera ndi maekala 2,6 miliyoni okha) ankakonda kukula mpunga mu 2015).
Mukamagwirizanitsa ziwerengero za tirigu, balere, ndi rye, mahekitala ambiri amalimidwa kuti azikulitsa mbewu za tirigu zowonjezera kuposa mbeu ina iliyonse - kuposa mahekitala 58 miliyoni omwe amapangidwa pafupi ndi mbeu za biliyoni zokwana 2.3 biliyoni mu 2015.
'Gluten Free' Sitikudya Tirigu, Barley kapena Rye Gluten
Nthaŵi zambiri (kunja kwa ulimi) aliyense amene amatchula "gluten" kapena "gluten" amatanthauza gluten omwe ali mu udzu tirigu, balere ndi rye (ndipo nthawi zina oats).
Mitundu yeniyeni ya mapuloteni a gluten amachititsa kuti maonekedwe aoneke m'maloliacs komanso omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera.
Mwamwayi, chifukwa tirigu - makamaka tirigu - ndi osowa kwambiri mu chakudya chathu, kudya kwa gluten kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa kungosintha mkate wopanda gluten ndi zinthu zina zophikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zosakaniza zokhudzana ndi majeremusi zimawoneka mu zakudya zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo aliyense wotsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi ayenera kuphunzira kuti mawu amatanthawuza 'gluten' pa ma lablo a chakudya .