Kuchokera kumayambiriro koyambirira mpaka ku malire a Sayansi
Maselo a tsinde ndiwo maselo apadera omwe angathe kukhala osakhala amodzi koma mitundu yambiri ya selo. Zimasiyana ndi selo lina lililonse pa zifukwa zitatu izi:
- Iwo ali osadziwika, kutanthauza kuti alibe ntchito yapadera mu thupi.
- Amatha kukhala maselo apadera monga maselo a ubongo, maselo a minofu, ndi maselo a magazi.
- Akhoza kugawa ndikusintha nthawi yaitali.
Pakalipano, maselo amagazi ndiwo mtundu wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Panthawi ya khansa ya m'magazi kapena la lymphoma , mtundu uwu wa selo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane ife nthawi zambiri timawatcha kuti kusamba kwa mafupa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizo zimagwiritsa ntchito maselo akuluakulu okha.
Pofika pofufuza kufufuza kwa maselo, maselo amachokera ku magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo opereka ndalama , mazira, kapena maselo osinthika a maina.
Maselo Atsulo mu Bone Marrow Akudutsa
Maselo a fupa amachititsa maselo anu onse a thanzi, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi mapulogalamu. Maselo amtundu wa huematopoietic ndiwo omwe amapezeka mu mafupa amtundu omwe amatumikira monga "kholo" la mitundu yonse ya maselo.
Maselo amtundu wa Hematopoietic amaikidwa mu munthu yemwe ali ndi khansara kuti athandizenso fupa la fupa. Ndondomekoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mankhwala akuluakulu a mankhwala amtunduwu amatha kuwononga maselo omwe alipo m'thupi la munthu.
Pofuna kuthandizira izi, amapereka maselo amadzimadzi omwe amalowetsamo mumsana ndipo potsirizira pake amakhala mu fupa komwe amayamba kupanga maselo abwino, atsopano.
Mphindi Momwe Maselo Amagazi Amagazi Amagwirira Ntchito
Zaka zapitazo, chokhacho chimene chimachokera ku maselo amtundu wa hematopoietic ndi amene amatengedwa kuchokera m'mafupa. Zitangotulukira kuti ambiri mwa maselowa ankayenda momasuka m'magazi.
M'kupita kwanthaŵi, asayansi anaphunzira momwe angakolole maselowa kuti azitha kuyendetsa magazi ndi kuwamasulira mwachindunji kwa wopereka.
Kuika kwa mtundu umenewu-kumatchedwa kuti pulogalamu yeniyeni ya magazi, kapena PBSCT - yakhala yofala kwambiri, ngakhale kuti njira zonsezi zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito. PBSCT imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo sizimafuna kuchotsa mafuta kuchokera ku fupa la m'chiuno.
Maselo a Stem Stem
Ma maselo akuluakulu, omwe amatchedwa maseti amtundu wa maselo, amachokera kwa wopereka munthu. Maselo amtundu wa Hematopoietic ndiwo chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri. Akatswiri a sayansi apeza maselo ofunika kwambiri m'magulu ambiri kusiyana ndi kale lonse, kuphatikizapo ubongo, mitsempha, khungu, mano, mtima, matumbo, chiwindi, maselo oyambilira, ndi testis.
Maselo Amtundu wa Embryonic
Ma maselo am'mabonioni amatsutsana chifukwa amachokera ku mazira a anthu omwe awonongedwa kapena akukololedwa kwa sayansi. Maselo am'madzi a embryonic anayamba kukula mu laboratori mu 1998 chifukwa cha kubereka. Masiku ano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofuna kufufuza mankhwala kapena machiritso a khansa, khungu, ana a shuga, Parkinson, kuvulala kwa msana, ndi matenda a chibadwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi.
Ma maselo am'madzi a embryonic ndi pluripotent, kutanthauza kuti amatha kukula m'magulu atatu a majeremusi omwe amapanga thupi la munthu (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, iwo akhoza kukhala amodzi mwa mitundu yoposa 200 ya selo ngati atsimikizidwa kuti achite zimenezo.
Maselo a Stripotent Othandizidwa
Maselo amphamvu otchedwa pluripotent, kapena iPSCs, ndi maselo ofunika kwambiri omwe amabadwa kuti akhale ofanana ndi maselo oyambira a embryonic. Zizindikiro za iPSC zimayamba ngati khungu kapena maselo a magazi omwe amatha kusinthika.
iPSCs inakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu 2006 ndipo imapanga mwayi umodzi waukulu pamwamba pa seti ndi ma embryonic stem cells: zimatha kupangidwa mofanana. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti labu ikhoza kupanga-kupanga pluripotent tsinde lachindunji pamtundu wina payekha kapena maselo.
> Zotsatira:
> Simara, P .; Motl, J .; ndi Kaufman, D. "Ma cell Stripotent Stem ndi Gene Therapy." Kutanthauzira Res. 2013; 161 (4): 284-292.
> Al-Shamekh, S., ndi Goldberg, J. "Kukonzekera Kwambiri Kwambiri ndi Maselo Amtundu Wambiri Wambiri. 2014; 163 (4): 377-386.
> Finkbeiner, S. ndi Spence, J. "Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito: Kupanga Matenda a M'mimba Kuchokera ku Manambala a M'madzi a Pluripotent." Dysases and Sciences of Digestive. 2013; 58 (5): 1176-1184.