Mwinamwake mwazindikira kuti pali zambiri zambiri komanso mabungwe omwe amachititsa khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma pamodzi. Kodi kusiyana kwake ndi chiyani ndipo pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa leukemias ndi maymymas?
Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa Leukemias ndi ma Lymphomas
Ma leukemias ndi maimymphomas nthawi zambiri amasonkhana pamodzi. Chifukwa chake izi ziri choncho kuti onsewo amaonedwa kuti ndi "khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi".
Izi zikusiyana ndi "zotupa zolimba" monga khansa ya m'mawere kapena khansara yamapapo.
Tidzakambirana zina mwazosiyana kuchokera ku tanthauzo ndi chiyambi cha maselo, koma ndizofunikira kuzindikira mwamsanga kuti pali zosiyana. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gulu la khansa lotchedwa leukemias komanso pakati pa matenda omwe amadziwika ngati amphmasi. Ndipotu, mudzazindikira kuti nthawi zina chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi ndizofala kwambiri mu mtundu wina wa lymphoma kusiyana ndi ena a leukemias, komanso mosiyana. Chitsanzo ndi pamene tikulankhula za kusiyana pakati pa zaka zomwe khansa zimachitika. Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansara yambiri ya ubwana, ndipo nthawi zambiri timaganizira za leukemias ngati matenda a ubwana ndi maimphine monga khansa yomwe imapezeka kwa akuluakulu. Komabe mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'magazi imakhala yowonjezereka kwa akuluakulu, pamene mitundu ina ya lymphoma, monga Hodgkin's lymphoma , imapezeka kawirikawiri kwa achinyamata.
Podziwa kuti pali zambiri komanso zosiyana, tiyeni tione kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa leukemias ndi maymymas.
1. Mafotokozedwe osiyana a Leukemia ndi Lymphoma
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mitsemphama imatanthauzira m'njira yomwe ingawoneke yosamvetseka ndi miyezo ya lero, ndi zosiyana zambiri ndi mfundo zowonjezereka.
Izi zili mbali chifukwa matanthauzowa adakambidwa kale, kuyambira m'ma 1800. Pano pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matanthauzo, kuyamba ndi:
- Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kumvetsera ndi chakuti kaya malungo amakhala okhudzana ndi nambala yaikulu ya maselo oyera a magazi, kapena leukocyte, omwe amazungulira m'magawo, kapena mwazi. Maselo awiri ofiira ndi oyera amagawidwa mkati mwa mafupa ena a thupi, m'kamwa la fupa , ndipo "mwazi wamagazi" umatanthawuza maselo amene adatulutsa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo salinso mumtambo. Maselo oyera a magazi m'magazi amagazi amatha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi.
- Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri kudziwa ngati matendawa amayamba ndi fupa la fupa, lomwe limakhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi.
Tsopano, tiyeni tione mawu achipatala kwenikweni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuza khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma.
- Lymphoma imatanthawuza kuti "matenda amodzi a minofu ya lymphoid." Kotero, kodi minofu ya lymphoid, mumapempha chiyani? Minofu ya lymphoid imaphatikizapo maselo ndi ziwalo. Maselo-kuphatikizapo maselo oyera a m'magazi-ndi ziwalo-kuphatikizapo thymus , fupa la fupa, maselo amphongo, ndi nthata. Chiwalo chofala kwambiri mu minofu ya lymphoid ndi lymphocyte . Kuphatikiza pa ziwalo, minofu ya lymphoid imaphatikizansoponso magulu a maselo omwe ali m'thupi lonse, pa malo omwe amayenera kulimbana ndi othawa. Zitsanzo za malowa zimaphatikizapo tonsils, malo opuma opuma, pansi pa mchere wambiri, monga matumbo a m'mimba, ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.
- Khansa ya m'magazi imatchedwa "matenda opweteka, opweteka a ziwalo zopanga magazi, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchulukitsidwa kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha leukocyte ndi zowonongeka m'magazi ndi mafupa a mafupa." Kotero, kodi zimapanga ziwalo zotani za magazi? Kwa akuluakulu, fupa la mafupa limapanga maselo ofiira onse, ambiri mwa maselo oyera omwe amatchedwa granulocytes . Pamene chitukuko cha mtundu wa lymphocyte chimayambira m'mafupa, amatha kupita ku matenda a lymphoid, makamaka a thymus, mphala, ndi ma lymph nodes, ndipo izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko ndi kusakanikirana kwa ma lymphocyte. (Pali kusiyana pakati pa ma lymphocyte B ( maselo a B ) ndi ma tymphocytes T ( maselo T ) koma kuti tisakambirane izi.) Mankhwala apadera a nthenda, chiwindi, nthendayi ndi ziwalo zina ndizofunikira mu kusasitsa kwa monocytes .
Bukuli lothandizira kumvetsetsa chitetezo cha mthupi lingathandize kufotokozera maudindo ndi malo a maselo a magazi ndi matenda a mthupi m'thupi.
* Zindikirani: Ngati zikuwoneka kuti tanthauzo la khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma imadutsa m'njira zambiri, ndiwe wolondola. Izi zidzafotokozedwa bwino kwambiri pansipa.
2. Zizindikiro Zosiyana pakati pa Leukemi ndi Lymphomas
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mitsemphama sichipezeka chifukwa cha zizindikiro zokha; Zizindikiro zambiri zimachitika kapena sizidziwika bwino kwa matenda, pamene zizindikiro zina zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi matenda ena kapena ena.
Zizindikiro za lymphoma zimasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutupa mopweteka kwa ma lymph nodes . Zilondazi zimatha kuoneka m'khosi, pamphuno kapena m'mimba, kapena mmalo mwake zikhoza kuwonedwa pa zojambula zogwiritsa ntchito (monga nodes mediinalinal, retroperitoneal nodes, ndi zina.) Zizindikiro zina zingaphatikizepo kutopa, kutentha, ndi kuzizira, kutuluka usiku kapena osadziwika bwino.
Mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'magazi imatha kuonetsa zizindikiro monga mafupa ndi mapiritsi, kutopa, kufooka, khungu lotumbululuka (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, otchedwa anemia ,) kutaya magazi mosavuta kapena kuvulaza (chifukwa cha mapepala otsika, kapena thrombocytopenia,) malungo, kutaya thupi, ndi zizindikiro zina, kuphatikizapo zilonda zam'mimba zotupa, nthenda, ndi chiwindi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi maimfine angakhale ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za B, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaonetsa khansara yowononga kwambiri kapena yofulumira. B zizindikiro za lymphoma zimaphatikizapo malungo, kutaya kwadzidzidzi, ndi kutaya thukuta usiku,
3. Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya magulu ndi ma selo m'kati
Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo ndi chiyambi cha khansa pakati pa leukemias ndi ma lymphomas n'zosavuta pofotokoza mitundu yochepa ya matendawa.
Pali mitundu 4 yofunikira ya khansa ya m'magazi.
Nawa 2 oyamba:
1. Mthendu ya myeloid yambiri, kapena AML
2. Matenda a myeloid osapatsirana, kapena CML
Monga momwe mainawa akusonyezera, mitundu iwiri ya khansa ya m'magazi imakhala "myeloid," yomwe imatanthauza "kapena ngati mafupa," zomwe ziri zomveka, popeza mafuta a fupa ndi fakitale ya thupi yopanga maselo oyera. Koma mawu akuti myeloid amatanthauzanso gulu la maselo omwe amasiyanitsa, kapena kukula, kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi- mloid progenitor cell . Kotero, chifukwa cha 'myeloid' mu dzina, ife tikukamba za maselo a magazi opanga magazi omwe amachokera ku gawo lomwelo la banja la maselo oyera a magazi.
Tsopano yang'anani mitundu yachiwiri ya khansa ya m'magazi:
3. Mthendayi yamatenda a m'magazi, kapena ALL
4. Lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi, kapena CLL
Tsopano, ndi ALL ndi CLL, zingawoneke ngati tili ndi mavuto pang'ono ndi matanthauzo athu ...
Mitundu iwiri yachiwiri ya khansa ya m'magazi imachokera ku ... lymphocyte lineage .
Mwachidziwitso, ALL ndi CLL ayenera kukhala amphmasi, ndiye, chabwino? -iwo ali ndi lymphocytic-ndi ma lymphocytes ndi mtundu wa selo umene uli mbali ya minofu ya lymphoid. Chabwino, osati ndithu. Ngakhale kuti ma lymphocytes ndiwo maselo ofunika kwambiri m'matenda a mitsempha, amayamba m'mafupa ndipo amasamukira ku minofu ya lymphoid. Kuwonjezera apo, tsopano ndi nthawi yobwereranso ku gawo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za khansa ya m'magazi: "... zimadziwika ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwowonjezereka ndi chitukuko cha leukocyte ndi zowonongeka m'magazi ndi mafupa."
Kuwonjezeka, kapena kukula ndi kuchulukitsa, kwa maselo oyera a magazi ndi otsogolera awo mu fupa la mafupa -ndi kukhalapo m'magazi-ndi gawo la tanthauzo la leukemia limene limatanthawuza kusiyanitsa ma leukemias ambiri kuchokera ku manyulmasi ambiri.
Nazi mitundu 2 yofunikira ya lymphoma:
1. Hodgkin's lymphoma, kapena HL
2. Osati Hodgkin's lymphoma, kapena NHL
Mitundu yambiri ya khansa imachokera ku lymphocytes kapena m'mbuyo mwawo-maselo a lymphoma sadzawoneka m'magazi am'thupi, kutanthauza kuti sangathe kutchedwa kuti leukemias.
** Pali zosiyana. Ndiponso, ziwalo zina za malungo zili ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi ndi ya lymphoma.
4. Kusiyanasiyana kwa Chikoka pakati pa Leukemias ndi ma Lymphomas
Pali kusiyana kwa zochitikazo, kapena nthawi zambiri ma leukemia ndi mafupa amapezeka. Ambiri, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi lymphomas kusiyana ndi leukemias.
Nazi zotsatira za American Cancer Society zomwe zakhala zikuyendera pazochitika zatsopano mu 2017 zosweka ndi subtypes:
Lymphoma - anthu 80,500
- 72,240 osati a Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 8,260 Hodgkin's lymphoma
Khansa ya m'magazi - anthu 62,130
- 21,380 a myeloid khansa ya m'magazi
- 6660 matenda aakulu a myeloid khansa ya m'magazi
- 5,970 acute lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi
- 20,110 matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi
- 5.720 khansa ya m'magazi
5. Kusiyanasiyana mu Zaka pa Kuzindikira pakati pa Leukemias ndi Lymphomas
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa yowonongeka kwambiri ya ubwana, yowerengera pafupifupi pafupifupi magawo atatu a khansa yonse ana. Gulu lachiŵiri lodziwika bwino la khansa lachinyamata ndizoipa zapakati pa mitsempha ya ubongo, kuphatikizapo zotupa za ubongo. Poyerekeza, maselo am'mimba amaphatikizapo 10 peresenti ya khansa ya ana.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maimfine ambiri amapezeka mwa anthu oposa 55.
Mwachitsanzo, pali ena omwe ali ndi matenda a leukemia omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire, pomwe Hodgkin's lymphoma ili ndi chiwerengero choyamba pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 40.
Pansi pa Zofanana ndi Kusiyana pakati pa Leukemias ndi Lymphomas
Ma leukemia ndi mafupa am'mafupa amaonedwa kuti ndi "khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi" ndipo zimaphatikizapo maselo omwe amathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thupi. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwiri zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, komabe zikaphwanyidwa ndi maukemia ena ndi maimfine amapezeka zambiri.
Mwinanso kusiyana kwakukulu ndiko kusiyanitsa khansa zokhudzana ndi magazi ndi "ziwalo zolimba." Kawirikawiri, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo wautali awonjezeka kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ma leukemia ndi maymymia apamwamba kuposa omwe ali ndi ziwalo zamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kugwidwa kwa mankhwala ochiritsira Gleevec (imatinib) kwasintha matenda akuluakulu a myeloid a m'magazi chifukwa cha matenda omwe amawopsa kwambiri padziko lonse omwe amawoneka kuti ndi matenda aakulu, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire. Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi nthawi imodzi amatha kufa mofulumira, komabe pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matendawa angathe kuchiritsidwa. Kwa omwe ali ndi Hodgkin's lymphoma, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimakula bwino kwambiri. Matendawa, omwe anali ndi zaka 10 pazaka zisanu zapitazo, tsopano ali ndi zaka zisanu zoposa 90 peresenti kwa zaka zoyambirira komanso kuposa 50% peresenti ya matendawa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, magawo ambiri otupa, monga khansa ya m'mawere, khansara yamapapo, ndi khansa ya pancreatic sichiritsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa nthawi zambiri. Izi zinati, njira zina zothandizira, monga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo chamaganizo zimapereka chiyembekezo kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ziwalo zolimba adzatengera patsogolo kupita patsogolo kumene anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi tsopano akuzindikira.
> Zosowa
- > American Cancer Society. Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
- > National Cancer Institute. Munthu Wachikulire Osati Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 04/13/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala akuluakulu a Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 01/27/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 04/14/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq