Zachidule za khansa ya m'magazi
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mawu amodzi omwe amatanthauza mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya magazi. Khansa ya m'magazi ingakhudze anthu mosiyana kwambiri, ndipo mankhwala angakhale osiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi imene ali nayo. Munthu akhoza kutenga khansa ya m'magazi pa msinkhu uliwonse, koma pakati pa akuluakulu, khansa ya m'magazi imapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu a zaka zoposa 60. Ana sakhala ndi khansa pamlingo womwewo ngati akuluakulu. Komabe, pamene ana amayamba ndi khansa, khansa ya m'magazi ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
> Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amatha kupanga maselo oyera achizungu.
Kodi khansa ya m'magazi ndi chiyani?
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansara ya maselo opanga magazi-maselo amenewa m'thupi lomwe amapitiriza kupereka ma maselo ofiira ndi oyera, komanso mapulogalamu omwe amathandiza magazi anu kuti aphimbe. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi munthu umadalira mtundu wa magazi omwe amachititsa kuti khansa ya m'magazi ikule.
Khansa ya m'magazi imayambira m'mafupa -spongy, gawo lamkati la mafupa ena kumene maselo opanga magazi amapezeka wochuluka.
Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi mumatenda amachititsa kuti maselo oyera amagazi amagazidwe, omwe amatha kupezeka m'magazi, omwe amatchedwanso kuti phokoso lozungulira . Nthawi zina mu khansa ya m'magazi, mayesero a magazi angasonyeze kuti pali maselo ochuluka kwambiri a magazi ndi ma nambala ambiri a maselo oyambirira a m'magazi m'magazi.
Nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala nambala yaikulu ya maselo opanga magazi omwe amadziwika ngati kuphulika kunja kwa magazi. Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi angapangitse maselo omwe amabadwa magazi m'magazi a mafupa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi mapulogalamu a magazi asokonezeke.
Kulephera koteroko kumawoneka m'mayesero a magazi, ndipo zingayambitsenso zizindikiro.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu ya khansa ya m'magazi
Mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya khansa ya m'magazi ndi:
- Matenda a m'magazi (ALL)
- Mthemphasiyumu yambiri ya m'magazi (AML)
- Lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi (CLL)
- Matenda a myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Dzina lililonse, monga momwe mukuonera, likuwonekeratu ngati khansa imaonedwa kuti ndi yoopsa kapena yaikale m'magazi.
- Khansa ya m'magazi imayamba kukula mofulumira popanda mankhwala.
- Khansa ya m'magazi imayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Matenda a m'magazi aakulu, komabe, angathe kukhala 'osandulika' kukhala oopsa kwambiri, omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi.
Ma leukemias ovuta, monga ALL ndi AML, amayamba kuyambira msanga, kuphulika kwatsopano. Maselo opanga magaziwa samasiya kugawa pamene kuphulika kwabwino kumachitika, ndipo kukula ndi kukula kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi matenda a leukemias.
Komabe, matenda a leukemias monga CLL ndi CML, amachokera ku maselo opanga magazi omwe ali okhwima kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuphulika, ngakhale akadali osowa. Mayeso a magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi leukemiaswa angasonyeze kuti ndi ochepa kapena osasuntha maselo omwe amazungulira.
Mankhwalawa amakula mofulumira kuposa ma leukemias.
Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Kuti Mthemphaya Yidzakhala Myelogenous Kapena Lymphocytic?
Kuwonjezera apo kaya ndizovuta kapena zovuta, zimathandizanso ngati khansa ya m'magazi imakhala myelogenous kapena lymphocytic chifukwa izi, zimathandizanso kufotokoza momwe khansara idzachitire ndi njira yabwino yochizira .
Kuti mumvetse zomwe mawuwa akunena kwenikweni, muyenera kufufuza mwachidule momwe thupi lanu limakhalira maselo atsopano a magazi m'malo mwa okalamba omwe amafa kapena okalamba:
Mosiyana ndi momwe ziliri, maselo akuluakulu ofiira ndi oyera amagazi amachokera ku chinachake monga selo lalikulu la makolo athu, omwe amatchedwa seatemenicem cell stem, kapena HSC . Muli ndi HSC ambiri mumphongo wanu ndipo ena mumagazi anu.
Kuchokera ku HSC iliyonse, "mibadwo" yambiri ya maselo opanga magazi imabwera mndandanda, kupyolera mu magawano a selo, potsirizira pake kumapereka mitundu yodziwika bwino ya maselo omwe amapezeka m'magazi a anthu. Mbadwo uliwonse ndi sitepe yopita ku kukhwima, ndipo mbadwo wotsatira ukukwera mwamsanga.
Maselo omwe ali a mibadwo yosiyana amapatsidwa maina osiyanasiyana, monga otsogolera kapena otsogolera, malingana ndi kutali komwe kumbuyo kwa HSC mu 'banja' mumapita.
Pamene mukupita patsogolo, kutali ndi HSC, mukhoza kuyamba kunena kuti 'banja' ndi selo lopanga mwazi lidzaperekedwe.
Mabanja awiri otchuka kwambiri m'banja ndi mabanja a lymphoid ndi myeloid . Mawu osiyanasiyana akugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza banja lomwelo; Mwachitsanzo, matenda a mitsempha ndi ammimba, ndi myeloid ndi myelogenous.
- Lymphocytic imatanthawuza za banja lomwe limadzetsa ma lymphocytes akulu, gulu la maselo oyera a magazi.
- Myelogenous amatanthawuza banja lomwe pamapeto pake limapanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi omwe si a lymphocytic-kuphatikizapo neutrophils, mwachitsanzo-komanso maselo omwe amapanga mapuloleteni anu, otchedwa megakaryocytes, omwe amathandiza magazi kutseka.
Mu khansa ya m'magazi, kansa imayamba mu selo yomwe ili kwinakwake mmbuyo mu 'banja' la maselo atsopano a magazi. Zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi maselo a khansa ya m'magazi, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo za magazi ndi biopsy, zimayesedwa mu labotale kuti aone ngati maselo a khansa ndi amodzi kapena a mitsempha.
N'chiyani Chimachititsa Anthu Kuti Apeze Khansa ya M'magazi?
Nthaŵi zambiri, asayansi samadziwa bwino momwe matenda a m'magazi amayambira.
Koma chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi, zowopsa zapezeka. Zowopsa ndizimene zimathandiza asayansi kumvetsa bwino matendawa ndi chitukuko chake. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chiopsezo sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi matendawa.
Mlandu pa mfundo: Kwa AML, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zapezeka, koma anthu ambiri omwe amapeza AML alibe zifukwa izi:
- Kusuta
- Kuwonetsetsa kwa nthawi yayitali kumtundu wa benzene, mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu utsi wa ndudu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena
- Chithandizo cham'mbuyo ndi mankhwala enaake a chemotherapy
- Mlingo waukulu wa ma radiation
- Zina zomwe zimapezeka pakabereka
- Kukhala ndi wachibale wapamtima amene ali ndi AM
Mlingo waukulu wa ma radiation wathandizidwa ndi ALL ndi CML. Mbiri ya banja ikhoza kuthandizanso nthawi zina, monga CLL.
Zizindikiro Zambiri za Khansa ya m'magazi
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi zimakhala zochititsa manyazi nthawi zina ndipo zimakhala zosafunikira kwenikweni kwa ena, zomwe timadziwa sizikutonthoza. Iwo akhoza kubwera pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zoyambirira zikhoza kukhala zosavuta, monga zizindikiro za chimfine ndi kutopa, kapena zikhoza kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana. Komabe, khansa ya m'magazi imatha kukhalanso yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino. Zizindikiro zoyenera kuzifufuza zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Fever
- Matenda opatsirana
- Kupweteka kwapadera kapena magazi
- Kutopa
- Kufooka
- Kulekerera masewera olimbitsa thupi
- Mavuto m'mimba kapena chidzalo
- Kutayika kosayembekezereka
- Kukulitsa mphalapala zam'mimba ndi / kapena chiwindi
- Kupweteka kwa mafupa
Mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'magazi imatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa mafupa, kuphwanyidwa , kutuluka usiku, kutopa, kufooka, khungu loyera, kutuluka mophweka kapena kupweteka , kupweteka, ndi ena, kuphatikizapo kutupa kwa mitsempha, zilonda, ndi chiwindi.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi monga kumva kutopa kwambiri ndi kufooka, pamene maselo ofiira ofiira, kapena kuchepa magazi m'thupi , sichitha kuganiziranso momwe maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amatengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta a mitsempha.
Zizindikiro za Mitundu Yeniyeni ya Khansa ya m'magazi
Nthawi zina, mtundu wina kapena chigawo cha khansa ya m'magazi ikhoza kukhala ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kapena kukhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe sizodziwika ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi.
Mwachitsanzo, acute promyelocytic leukemia, kachigawo kakang'ono ka myelogenous leukemia , ali ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatulutsa magazi ochulukirapo komanso kutseka magazi, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe sizimayambitsa matendawa.
Mu acute lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi , yomwe imayambitsa ana, khansa ya m'magazi ikhoza kuloŵa m'madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana, kutulutsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi kupweteka kwa mutu, kuwona masomphenya, kusanza kunyoza ndi kupweteka (kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zosadziwika bwino).
Mu matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi , pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya odwala sangakhale ndi zizindikilo konse, ndipo matendawa angatsatire kuchokera kuchizoloŵezi chokhazikika kapena kuyendera china.
Matenda a m'magazi
Pamene zizindikiro, zofufuza za thupi, mbiri yachipatala, ndi zizindikiro zina zimasonyeza kuti khansa ya m'magazi ndi yotheka, mayesero osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti azindikire. Mayeso a magazi ndi mayesero a mafupa amphongo amafunikira kuti atsimikizire matendawa, ndipo matepi a msana akhoza kuchitika nthawi zina. Mayeso a magazi ndi mayesero a mafupa amathanso amathandizira kuzindikira AML, ALL, CML, ndi CLL subtypes. Zitsanzo kuchokera ku malo ena zingathenso kuthandizidwa kuti zithandize kuyeza khansa ya m'magazi komanso kuthandiza kutsogolera chithandizo.
Mayesero a Magazi
Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi, kapena CBC , kumaphatikizapo kuwerengetsa maselo a magazi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti mudziwe ngati nambala yanu imalowa muyeso yachibadwa kapena yachilendo. CBC imachitika pamodzi ndi 'kusiyana', komwe kumapereka manambala a mitundu yonse ya maselo, monga neutrophils ndi ma lymphocytes, pansi pa ambulera yotchedwa 'white blood cell'.
Magazi a m'magazi amawunika kwambiri: Zomwe zimachitika pofufuza maselo a magazi amatsenga, nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa CBC yokhala ndi zosiyana zimasonyeza maselo osadziwika kapena omwe amakhalapo. M'magazi a magazi, maselo akuluakulu ndi zosaoneka bwino amatha kudziwika momwe angathere ndi mawonekedwe awo ochepa.
Kufufuza koyambirira ndi kuyezetsa magazi kumaphatikizaponso mayeso ena a magazi, monga magazi amadzimadzi, kuti aone ngati vuto la khansa la m'magazi lingatheke, mwachitsanzo.
Mabokosi a mafupa Amakhalako
Chidziwitso ndi njira yomwe mzere wa maselo umachotsedwa mthupi kuti mupitirize kuphunzira. Mphuno wa mafupa umayamba ndi kupuma kwa fupa, komwe madzi amchere amachokera mu fupa. Kenaka, chifukwa cha chidziwitso chokha, singano yaikulu nthawi zambiri imagwedezeka ndi kuyendayenda mu fupa (makamaka hipbone) kuti apeze mchere wochepa, womwe umakhala wamtengo wapatali. Zitsanzo zamakono zimayang'aniridwa ndi munthu wodwala matenda odwala matendawa ndipo amayamba kuyesa ma laboratory. Malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imayesedwa, biopsies kumalo ena, monga maselo a mitsempha, ingathenso kugwira ntchito.
Lumbar Kutsegula / Mphepete
Kuwombera kachipangizo kameneka kapena kapu ya m'mimba kumapangidwe kuti apeze matenda a khansa ya m'magazi. Pansi pa mankhwala am'derali, singano imayikidwa m'dera la msana kuti ipeze madzi akuzungulira ndi kusambitsa msana; Chitsanzo cha madziwa chimatulutsidwa, komanso maselo ena a leukemia amene angakhalepo. Katswiri wina wa matenda a matenda amatha kufotokoza izi.
Kuyeza kwa Mafupa a Khansa
Kuyeza kwa majeremusi kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitidwa pa maselo osadziwika ngati mbali ya matenda ndi kuunika kwa khansa ya m'magazi. Kusanthula kwa Cytogenic kumatanthawuza mayesero omwe amayang'ana kusintha kwa ma chromosomes a maselo a khansa ya m'magazi. Zosinthika zina ndi zina zowonongeka kwa majeremusi zimathandizanso madokotala kulongosola momwe matenda amatha kukhalira.
Kujambula ndi Kujambula
Nthawi zina zojambula zojambula zimathandizira madokotala kuti apeze maselo m'thupi linalake, kuti adziwe ngati ziwalo za thupi kapena ziwalo zina zikulitsidwa.
Kuzindikira Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Leukemia
AML imapezeka ndi mafupa a mafupa omwe amatha kusanthula ndi ma laboratory omwe amafufuza mafupa a mafupa. Aml nthawi zina amatha kufalitsa kwa madzi omwe ali m'mphepete mwa ubongo ndi msana, kotero madotolo amatha kuponyera kapu kapena pamphepete wamkati kuti athandizidwe. Mayesero amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwulula maumwini a AML, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe a chromosomal ndi majini ena enieni ndi kusintha kwa majini.
CLL imapezeka nthawi zambiri kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro. CLL ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati njira yodziwira ngati munthu wamkulu ali ndi mtheradi wapamwamba kwambiri wa lymphocyte, kapena kukwera chifukwa cha ma lymphocyte wambiri. Ziwerengero zapamwamba zotchedwa lymphocyte zikhoza kuchitika ndi zina, zomwe sizili ndi khansa monga matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis ndi pertussis, komabe; Amakhalanso ndi khansa zina zamagazi.
Nthaŵi zina za CLL, kuyezetsa magazi kungakhale kokwanira kuti apeze matenda, koma kuyesera fupa la fupa kumathandiza kuti mudziwe momwe zilili, ndipo mayeso a mafupa amachitidwa kawirikawiri asanayambe kulandira mankhwala. Nthaŵi zina za CLL, mbali ya chromosome ingakhale ikusowa , yomwe ingakhudze malingaliro, kotero kuyesedwa kwa chibadwa cha maselo osadziwika ndikofunikira.
CML , monga CLL, imapezeka kawirikawiri munthu asanakhale ndi zizindikiro. CML ikhoza kuyamba kukayikira pozindikira zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi kenako mafupa. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi CML ali ndi maselo ambiri amagazi ambiri omwe ali ndi maselo ambiri m'magazi awo. Nthawi zina odwala CML ali ndi nambala yochepa ya maselo ofiira kapena mapiritsi a magazi. Zotsatirazi zikhoza kuwonetsa khansa ya m'magazi, koma kafukufukuyo amafunanso kuyesa magazi kapena kuyesa mafupa kuti atsimikizidwe.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi CML, mafupa ambiri amakhala "hypercellular," kutanthauza kuti ali ndi maselo ambiri opanga magazi kuposa momwe amayembekezera chifukwa ali odzaza maselo a khansa ya m'magazi. Mitundu ina ya kuyesedwa kwa majini ya maselo osadziwika apangidwa pofuna kuyang'ana chromosome ya Philadelphia ndi / kapena BCR-ABL jini.
NTHAWI zambiri sizipezeka popanda kufufuza mafupa. Ambiri mwa anthu onse ali ndi maselo oyera amagazi ambiri m'magazi awo, osati maselo ofiira kapena mapiritsi. Ambiri mwa maselo oyera a magazi adzakhala amphineblasts kapena akuphulika. Mankhwalawa ndi ammimba amtundu omwe sagwira bwino ntchito. Monga AML, popeza onse angathe kufalikira kumadera ozungulira ubongo ndi msana, madzi omwe amatsuka ziwalozi akhoza kuponyedwa pang'onopang'ono kapena pamphepete. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi, mayesero apadera amasonyeza makhalidwe a maselo osadziwika kuti athandizidwe kudziwa momwe matendawa alili ndi khansa ya m'magazi. Mwachitsanzo, timadzi timene timatembenuka timatembenuza mbali zina za maselo akuda ngati ali maselo a AML koma osati ngati maselo ONSE.
Kuyesedwa kwa chromosome kumathandizanso ku AML chifukwa, monga CML, anthu ena onse ali ndi CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI akukonzanso kayendedwe ka chromosome komwe kumatsogolera ku chromosome ya Philadelphia. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya akuluakulu onse ali ndi vutoli m'maselo awo a khansa ya m'magazi.
M'munsimu muli chiwerengero cha matenda atsopano a mtundu uliwonse wa khansa ya m'magazi ku United States chaka chilichonse:
- 19,950 mavoti atsopano a AML
- Mipingo 18,960 yatsopano ya CLL
- Mavoti 8.220 atsopano a CML
- Mipingo 6,590 yatsopano
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala Wanu
Muyenera kupanga msonkhano ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikukudetsani. Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi zingakhale zosavuta komanso zosadziwika. Nthaŵi zina, matenda a khansa ya m'magazi amatulukira pamayeso a magazi omwe amachitikira chifukwa china.
Popeza zizindikiro zambiri za khansa ya m'magazi zimakhalanso zizindikiro zowonjezereka kwambiri (ndipo, nthawizina, zochepa) zokhudza matenda, ndizofunika kuti musamaope. Kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala kungakuthandizeni kupeza zofunikira zanu zakuthupi, kuti muganizire mosamala kwambiri njira zotsatirazi.
Mawu Ochokera
Kudwala matenda a khansa ya m'magazi kungachititse kuti dziko lanu likhale losokonezeka. Kaya ndiwe, wokondedwa wanu, kapena mwinamwake mwana wanu, khansa ya khansa ndi matenda omwe palibe amene akukonzekera. Dziwani kuti si zachilendo kumva kuti mukuvutika maganizo.
Maphunziro ndi sitepe yoyamba, ndipo idzakuthandizani kuyendetsa ulendo wanu wa khansa. Pafupifupi zonsezi, palinso machiritso omwe amafunika kuchitika-omwe sachokera ku thumba la IV, mapiritsi, kapena kuikidwa magazi.
Gwiritsani ntchito magulu othandizira ndi zothandizira. Phunzirani kwa anthu amene ayenda mu nsapato zanu. Dziwani kuti simuli nokha, ngakhale nthawi zina zimakhala ngati muli. Ndipo, nthawizonse funsani mafunso.
> Zotsatira:
> Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/understandingleukemia.pd
> National Cancer Institute. Khansa ya m'magazi - Health Professional Version (PDQ). http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp