Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhala mkati mwathu komanso kuposa ife. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilonda toyambitsa matenda Amayendetsa ntchito yamagetsi ndi magwero a chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo amathandizira kumverera ndi khalidwe. Kusamvetseka kwagwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo kutupa kwa matenda a ubongo (IBD) ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.
Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kukhala ndi chitetezo monga chawonetseredwa ndi Helicobacter pylori, yomwe poyamba idadziwika chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoipa.
Asayansi tsopano akuzindikira kuti H.pylori -omwe mwangozi, anapezeka m'mimba ya Ikeman Oetzi wazaka 5,300, omwe ali ndi zaka 5,300 akhoza kuteteza motsutsana ndi asidi reflux ndi mphumu.
Microbiome kapena Microbiota?
Microbiome ndi microbiota adalandira mauthenga ambiri posachedwapa chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi zokhudzana ndi matenda a m'mimba ndi mthupi omwe amatenga midzi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakhala pali kusiyana kwina momwe njira ziwirizo zikugwiritsidwira ntchito. Dr. Jonathan Eisen wochokera ku yunivesite ya California, Davis anati kachilombo ka microbiome kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za kusonkhanitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhala ndi malo ena m'thupi, mwachitsanzo, matumbo a munthu. Mawuwa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndipo amapezeka m'buku lakale la Italy pankhani ya matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Zina mwazinthu zodalirika, monga sayansi yamagazini Nature , zimatanthauzanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malingaliro awo, microbiota imatanthawuza za kusonkhanitsa konse kwa zamoyo.
Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka kuti pali zosagwirizana pakugwiritsira ntchito mawu, asayansi amavomerezana kuti kuvomereza kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku umoyo waumunthu ndi kofunikira.
Komabe, nthawi zina zingakhale zovuta kuti aphunzire chidziwitso chawo chowonekera komanso matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kutumiza Microbiome pakati pa Anthu
Mu 2016, phunziro linafalitsidwa mu Nature Medicine lomwe linalongosola ndondomeko ya kusamutsira kachilombo ka maiyo kwa mwana wake wakhanda.
Zakhazikitsidwa kale kuti ana obadwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa amatha kukhala ndi matenda omwe amadzimva okhaokha. Pamene momwe amachitira sizimapereka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pomwe atangobereka kumene, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafanana ndi ma khungu lawo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makanda obadwa mwa amayi ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amafanana ndi amayi awo omwe ali m'mimba, ndipo amawoneka kuti amawateteza ku zinthu zina zovulaza. Chiyeso chokhazikitsidwa ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira Maria Dominguez-Bello wochokera ku yunivesite ya New York anawona kuwonetsa ma microbiome amayi kwa amayi obadwa ndi chigawo C. Azimayi anali atasamalidwa ndipo anawo adatulutsidwa msanga atangobereka. Poyesedwa kamodzi pamwezi, ana omwe anabadwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a vaginali anali ndi microbiome yomwe inkafanana kwambiri ndi amayi awo. Kusamutsidwa kwa zinyama zam'mimba pambuyo pa C-gawo, komwe kumatchedwanso "kubzala mmimba", kungakhale njira yofunikira m'tsogolomu ndipo kungathandize kupewa zinthu zina.
Komabe, akatswiri ena amachenjeza kuti ngakhale kuti chizoloŵezichi chikufala kwambiri, phindu lake silinatsimikizidwe panobe. Dr. Aubrey Cunnington, wa Imperial College London, akunena kuti madzi amadzi amatha kutenga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe angakhale ovulaza kwa mwana. Pakalipano, akatswiri azaumoyo akhala akulangizidwa kuti asamachite mimba.
Kuwombera kwa Fecal microbiota (FMT) kapena bacteriotherapy nayenso yafufuzidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lopanda mabakiteriya m'matumbo awo chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe asanamwalire omwe anawononga mabakiteriya othandiza.
Anthu amene amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a Clostridium difficile (omwe angatenge mankhwala opha tizilombo) angathe kuthandizidwa ndi kupititsa chithandizo kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi . Matenda a C. difficile amaonedwa kuti ndi omwe amapezeka opatsirana kwambiri kuchipatala. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kutsekula m'mimba. Madokotala awiri a Denmark, Dr. Michael Tvede ndi Dr. Christian Rask-Madsen, anapanga mtundu wina wa bacteriotherapy umene umasonyeza zambiri zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa kutsegula m'mimba kuphatikiza ndi C.difficile bakiteriya. Monga FMT njira yawo, yotchedwa rectal bacteriotherapy (RBT), imafuna kubwezeretsa m'mimba thupi lonse la m'mimba. Kafukufuku wa odwala 55 omwe analandira RBT anasonyeza kuti chithandizo chinapambana mpaka 80 peresenti ya odwala awo (ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa iwo omwe alibe matenda a m'mimba). Tvede ndi Rask-Madsen amavomereza kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta pakuyambitsa wodwalayo ali ndi mabakiteriya amoyo, mwachitsanzo, matenda opatsirana mwazi angapangidwe. Masiku khumi atapereka RBT, mmodzi mwa odwala awo adaloledwa kuchipatala ali ndi vuto lalikulu, mwinamwake likugwirizana ndi RBT.
Chipangizo cha Anthu-Chip-Technology
Gulu lochokera ku yunivesite ya Harvard linapitabe patsogolo kwambiri pophunzira mabakiteriya ndi kutupa pogwiritsa ntchito makina a anthu-kutsegula chipangizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chitsanzochi-kukula kwa makina a makompyuta amatsanzira zochitika za chilengedwe m'matumbo aumunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kuphunzira kupitirira kwa bakiteriya ndi kutupa kwa matumbo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, asayansi amatha kufufuza mayankho osiyanasiyana okhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi thandizo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maselo mu vitro.
Mapulogalamu monga Biome akuwongolera, kusintha kusintha kwa mabakiteriya a anthu kukhala asayansi. Komabe, mabungwe otchukawa akhoza kukhala ndi zolephera zambiri. Sayansi imakali akadakalipo, ndipo kuyang'ana mabakiteriya okha m'matumbo athu sikutipatsa ife chithunzi chokwanira cha malo otayira m'matumbo komanso thupi lonse la m'mimba.
> Zotsatira:
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> Cunnington A, Sim K, Deierl A, Kroll J, Brannigan E, J. J. "Vaginal Seeding" ya Ana Obadwa ndi Kaisareya Gawo. BMJ .2016; 352: 1-2.
> Dominguez-Bello M, De Jesus-Laboy K, Clemente J, et al. Kubwezeretsa kwadongosolo kwa Microbiota ya ana obadwa mwa masiye a masiye mwa Vaginal Microbial Transfer. Nature Medicine . 2016; (3): 250-254
> Kim H, Li H, Collins J, Ingber D. Zopereka za m mimba ndi ma mechanical Deformation kwa Mimba Yambiri ya Bakiteriya ndi Kutentha kwa Munthu m'thupi. Proceedings ya National Academy of Sciences ya ku United States of America . 2016; 113 (1): E7-E15
> Maixner F, Krause-Kyora B, Zink A, et al. Mtundu wa Helicobacter Pylori wazaka 5300 wa Iceman. Sayansi. 2016; 351 (6269): 162-165
> Tvede M, Tinggaard M, Helms M. Choyamba: Rectal Bacteriotherapy ya Kutsekula Kwambiri Kwambiri kwa Clostridium: Zotsatira za Odwala 55 ku Denmark 2000-2012. Clinic Microbiology And Infection . 2015; 21: 48-53