Protozoa ndi thupi limodzi lomwe ndi eukaryote (yomwe ndi zamoyo zomwe maselo awo ali ndi organelles ndi nuclei). Ma eukaryot ena amatitenga ife, zinyama zina, ndi zomera. Eukaryotso imaphatikizansopo tizilombo tina: algae, helminths, ndi bowa.
Protozoa amapezeka kulikonse. Iwo akhoza kukhala okha paokha monga zamoyo zaufulu m'deralo, nthawi zambiri m'nthaka, madzi, kapena moss.
Angakhalenso akupuma mphuno, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apulumuke panthawi yovuta. Ena ndi majeremusi. Ena amagwirizana ndi zamoyo zina; aliyense amadalira wina kuti apulumuke.
Zimapangika m'magulu osiyanasiyana: sporozoa (mavitamini opanga mavitamini), amawomba (omwe ali ndi miyendo yonga mchira yomwe imayendayenda mozungulira), amoeba (yomwe imayenda pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimatchedwa pseudopods), ndi magulu amodzi (omwe amasuntha ambiri zitsulo zofanana ndi tsitsi zotchedwa cilia).
Matenda opangidwa ndi protozoa amatha kufalikira kudzera mu kuyamwa kwa cysts (kutaya moyo nthawi yayitali), kulumikiza kugonana, kapena kupyolera mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pali zambiri zowonjezeka - osati zachilendo - matenda opangidwa ndi protozoa. Zina mwa matendawa zimayambitsa matenda mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse; Matenda ena ndi osowa ndipo amawoneka kuti akusowa.
Kodi Zimayambitsa Chiyani?
Matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha protozoans ndi malaria , giardia , ndi toxoplasmosis .
Matendawa amapezeka m'ziwalo zosiyana kwambiri za thupi - matenda a malungo amayamba m'magazi, giardia amayamba m'matumbo, ndipo toxoplasmosis imapezeka m'matumbo, diso, komanso pamtima ubongo.
Mofananamo, matenda ogona amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a protozoa, monga Entamoeba histolytica.
Mankhwala a African Africanpanpanosisis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense ndi Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Zakale zimayambitsa matenda ambiri (pafupifupi 98%) koma zonsezi zimafalikira ndi ntchentche za fly.
Entamoeba histolytica ikhoza kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba ndi GI kukwiya. Kwenikweni, imayambitsa amoebic yamatenda m "milandu yoopsa, komanso milandu yowopsa kwa ena. Ikhozanso kuyenda kudutsa m'makoma a matumbo ndikupita kumagazi komanso ku ziwalo zina, monga chiwindi, komwe zingapangitse abambo a chiwindi.
Kodi Matenda a Protozoa Angakwaniritsidwe?
Inde, ndithudi. Njira zothandizira zimangodalira zomwe protozoa zikukukhudzani. Ena ndi opambana kwambiri kuposa ena. Malaria ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri amawadwala, ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amachokera ku mtundu wa malungo (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium knowesi, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, ndi Plasmodium vivax .) Chithandizo chimadaliranso ngati kulimbana (P falciparum makamaka yayamba kugonjetsedwa kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo ku mankhwala ena ofunikira).
Kuzindikira Matenda
Mosiyana ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala ndi protozoa sizingatheke kupyolera mwa chikhalidwe. Zingakhale zovuta kuti muzitha kuzikula izo, kawirikawiri.
Nthawi zina pansi pa microscope, amawoneka.
Malungo amatha kuoneka mkati mwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Palinso kuyesa magazi mwamsanga komanso mayeso a PCR.
Toxoplasmosis ikhoza kudziwika m'njira zosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi kumene ikuyambitsa matenda. Zitha kuzindikiritsidwa kudzera m'mayesero a magazi a antibody. Zitha kupezeka kudzera mu mayeso a PCR. Ikhozanso kupezeka kudzera m'matenda apadera a minofu ndi kupatula mwachindunji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Giardia angapezeke mwa kuyesedwa kwa antigen kwa chinyumba komanso poyang'ana pachitsimando pansi pa microscope. Zingatenge zitsanzo zambiri (mwina 3) kuti mupeze izi.
Entamoeba histolytica ingathenso kudziwika kuchokera ku zitsulo monga Giardia.
Ikhoza kudziwika pansi pa microscope, kupyolera muyezeso wa PCR, mayeso a antigen, kapena kupyolera mu kuyesedwa kwa wodwalayo kwa magazi.
Mankhwala a African afanososomiasis amatha kupezedwa mwa kupimidwa kwa magazi kapena kuchokera kumadzimadzi kapena biopsy kuchokera ku lymph node (kapena tsamba la chancre). T. b. Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'magazi a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. T. b. Gambiense ali ndi vuto lochepa la pulotoza m'magazi kotero kuti magazi ambiri amatha kusadziŵa, koma kuyeza kachipangizo kameneka kumakhala kovuta kudziwa matenda.
Kodi Mawu a Protozoa Amachokera Kuti?
Mawuwa amachokera ku liwu protos lomwe linali Chigriki kuti "choyamba" ndi zoia zomwe zimatanthauza "nyama". Choyamba chinakhazikitsidwa m'ma 1800. Zisanayambe, protozoa yaying'ono, yotanthauzidwa ndi organelles, inalephera kuyamikiridwa kwathunthu.
Kodi Kugonana Koona Kwenikweni Kungathetsedwe?
Inde, akukonzekera kupanga matendawa ndi mbiri yakale ya protozoa. Ambiri amapezeka ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Pali njira zothetsera kuchepa kwa matendawa (pakalipano ntchentche zomwe zimafalitsa matendawa zimapezeka m'mayiko osachepera 36) ndipo zimachepetsa kuchepetsa matenda. Matendawa amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino komanso mankhwalawa ndi ovuta. Pamene zikugwera m'madera osauka komanso osagwira ntchito, zingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira ndi kuzichitira. Zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kuti pulotozoyi iwonongeke.
> Zotsatira:
> WHO
> Report MSF