Ngati mukuyenda, musaiwale malungo anu a malaria
Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 1,700 amalandira malungo ku US, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Matendawa, omwe nthawiyonse anachotsedwa, anabwerera chifukwa cha oyendayenda amene anabweretsa kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja.
Masiku ano, apaulendo amatha kuteteza mwa kumwa mankhwala kuti athetse malungo-prophylaxis. Oyendayenda ayenera kupita kuchipatala kwa prophylaxis musanayambe ulendo.
Malaria ndi matenda aakulu. Zikutheka kuti zimapangitsa anthu oposa 200 miliyoni pachaka padziko lonse, kupha anthu opitirira 600,000.
Odwala azachipatala adzapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ulendo wopita. Mankhwalawa ndi awa: Malarone, Doxycycline, Chloroquine, Mefloquine, ndi Primaquine. Aliyense amagwira ntchito mosiyana. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya Plasmodium yomwe imayambitsa malungo ( P. falciparum , P. vivax , P. ovale , P. malariae , P. knowlesi). Mitundu ina imatsutsana ndi mankhwala ena. P knowlesi ikukhalabe vuto m'ma Malaysia ndi kuzungulira.
Malungo ambiri ku US amachokera ku Africa, makamaka ku West Africa. Dziko lodziwika kwambiri lomwe amalandira malungo ndi oyenda ku US, ndilo, India. Matendaŵa amapezanso m'madera ena a Latin America, China, Indonesia, ndi kwina kulikonse. Mayiko sangakhale ndi malungo konse; mapiri, madera, nyengo yozizira, komanso mapulogalamu a kutha kwa malungo angathe kusunga malungo.
CDC imapereka chidziwitso kwa othandizira zaumoyo za mankhwala omwe akugwira ntchito m'dziko lililonse.
Nazi zina mwa nthano zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha malungo:
Nthano 1: Ndikhoza kungotenga mankhwala ngati ndikudwala.
Malaria ndi matenda oopsa. Malungo a Falciparum amatha kuchititsa matenda aakulu mosavuta, kutaya mtima, mantha, impso, kupuma kovuta, kapena kupweteka.
Kusamalira kuchepa kungatanthauze zotsatira zoipa, zomwe zingatanthauze imfa.
Mankhwala ayenera kupitilizidwa nthawi zina mpaka masabata anayi atabwerera. Ngakhale mutakhala bwino, mutha kukhala ndi milungu yamalaria, miyezi, kapena chaka chimodzi. Mankhwala sayenera kuletsedwa. Zingakhale zovuta kupeza chithandizo ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira ku malungo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito prophylaxis kusiyana ndi kuika matenda enieni.
Nthano 2: Ndikhoza kuyamba mankhwala ndikafika kumeneko.
Mankhwala ena a malungo amayenera kutengedwa kwa masabata awiri kapena awiri asanafike. (Mefloquine, Chloroquine)
Bodza Lachitatu: Ndichedwa kwambiri kuyamba ma ARV. Ndikuchoka posachedwa.
Mankhwala ena akhoza kuyamba tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanatuluke. (Doxycycline, Malarone, Primaquine)
Nthano 4: Ndakhala ndikudwala malungo kale, ndidzakhala bwino.
Kungokhala ndi malungo kamodzi kapena kawiri sikumayambitsa matendawa.
Pambuyo pa matenda obwerezabwereza ambiri, ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, koma chitetezo choterechi chimachitika ngati munthu achoka kumalo a malungo ndipo sanabwererenso kachilombo ka HIV. Ena alibe malungo okwanira kuti akhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo kotero ali pangozi mosasamala kanthu.
Ngakhale omwe ali ndi majini omwe amawateteza ku malungo angathe kupeza malungo, monga anthu okhala ndi maselo a ngodya.
Bodza Lachisanu: Ndikupita kunyumba, kotero ndikhala bwino.
Gawo la matenda a malungo ku US ndi amodzi omwe adabwerera kudziko lawo ndipo adayendera abwenzi ndi abambo. Oyamba ndi achiwiri othawa kwawo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa pa ubwana wawo ali pangozi.
Bodza Lachisanu ndi chimodzi: Ndikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malungo a malungo omwe ndinali nawo kwina.
Malo osiyana amafunikira mankhwala osiyana. Madera ena ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Madera ena ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imafuna mankhwala osiyana.
Nthano 7: Zotsatira zake sizothandiza.
Ngati mutakhala ndi chiopsezo chenicheni cha malungo, mankhwalawa ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Malaria imapha anthu opitirira 600,000 pachaka. Ichi ndi chowopsya chowopsya chosamamwa mankhwala. Ngati mukufuna mankhwalawa, mukusowa mankhwala. Mankhwala osiyana ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Imodzi mwa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zake zakhala zokopa komanso mavuto ena a matenda a maganizo omwe amagwirizana ndi mefloquine. Zotsatirazi zimatha kupezeka makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena osagwirizana. Chloroquine kawirikawiri amagwiridwa ndi zotsatira za matenda aumaganizo.
Mankhwala ena amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zina. Doxycycline ingayambitse mavuto otentha kwambiri a dzuwa ndi m'mimba. Primaquine ndi vuto kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la G6PD. Zotsatira za mankhwala oyenera zingapewe mwa kusankha mankhwala osiyana. Mankhwalawa ndi ambiri, osiyana kwambiri. Zotsatira zochokera kwa wina sizikutanthauza zotsatira za mankhwala ena. Kambiranani ndi dokotala chiopsezo chanu cha malungo ndi mankhwala omwe mungapeze kuti musankhe bwino.
Nthano 8: Mankhwalawa adzandipangitsa kukhala hallucinate.
Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana a malungo omwe amawopsa. Mefloquine, makamaka, ikhoza kuyambitsa dongosolo la mitsempha kusintha ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino. Ena kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zina zamaganizo kuchokera ku chloroquine. Mankhwala ena angatengedwe ngati izi zikudetsa nkhaŵa.
Nthano 9: Sindingapeze udzudzu wa udzudzu.
Ambiri sazindikira kuti ali ndi udzudzu wotani omwe ali nawo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kulepheretsa kulira. Kumadera omwe ali ndi malungo ambiri, izi zingakhale zoopsa. Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi DEET, kugona pansi pa maukonde ndi mawindo awindo, ndikupewa madzi amadzi aang'ono amathandiza.
Nthano 10: Mankhwala a malungo sangathe kutengedwa panthawi yoyembekezera.
Kwenikweni, malungo ndi ovuta kwambiri panthawi ya mimba. Pali mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga prophylaxis mu mimba.