Kodi kusintha kwa Ebola kumasintha?
Inde. Funsoli ndilo: Kodi zili ndi vuto?
Mavairasi amatha kusintha.
Fluenza imasintha. Amatsitsa kusintha. Polio imasintha. Dzuŵa limatuluka. Dzuwa limalowa.
RNA mavairasi - monga Ebola - mutate mofulumira kuposa ma virus ena. Pamene majeremusi a RNA amadzifanizira okha, samaphunzira mozama komanso ma ARV. Nthawi zonse pali kusintha kwakukulu.
Mavairasi ena amasintha mofulumira.
Fluenza -plentiful padziko lonse - imasakaniza ndipo imafanana pakati pa zovuta. Mavairasi ena amasintha pang'ono, ngati chikuku.
Ebola imasintha
Ebola ndi yosavuta. Sili ndi zambiri zamtunduwu. Imeneyi ndi kachilombo kamodzi kokha (komanso kolakwika) kachilombo ka RNA kamene kali nucleotide 19,000. Izi sizinthu zambiri. Anthu ali ndi magulu awiri biliyoni. Koma mavairasi amakhala ochepa kwambiri, mwamphamvu kumangirira zovuta zambiri. Ebola imabweretsa zoipa kupyolera mu mapuloteni 7 okha.
Asayansi akuyang'ana mmbuyo pa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka Ebola ku West Africa. Iwo anawona zambiri za kusintha kwa majini - mwa odwala komanso pakati pa odwala. Vutoli linali kusinthasintha pamene linakopedwa mobwerezabwereza. Ebola ikhoza kufika pafupifupi milioni makope pa mililita ya magazi mwa anthu omwe apulumuka - ndipo apamwamba kwambiri mwa iwo omwe sali. Lonjezerani izo ndi zikwi za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Izi ndizojambula zambiri - komanso mwayi wambiri wosintha zinthu zozizwitsa.
Ngakhale zinthu zonsezi zasinthika, asayansi amatha kuona kuti mitsempha imeneyi imabwereranso kumayambiriro amodzi - akuganiza kuti ndi ochokera ku bat. Ebola inali kusintha koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zingakhale zoopsa.
Kusintha kwa zinthu sikofunika nthawi zonse
Kusintha kwa thupi sikukutanthauza kuti kachirombo ka HIV kakufala kwambiri kapena koopsa kwambiri.
Kupanga kachilombo ka HIV ndikofanana ndi kusewera chidutswa pa piyano. Kusintha kwake kuli ngati kugunda cholakwika poyimba nyimbo. Kawirikawiri mawu olakwika amachititsa chidutswacho kukhala choipa. Zingasokoneze zambiri. Zingawononge chidutswa chonsecho. Kawirikawiri zimapanga kachidutswa kwambiri. Ndizochepa kawirikawiri kusinthika kumayambitsa matenda.
Zosintha zosinthika sizinawonetsedwe kuti ziri ndi zofunikira zamoyo. Monga Dr Gire wa University of Harvard yemwe wagwira ntchito pazotsatira za maumunthu awonetsa, kudera nkhaŵa ngati Ebola idzasintha ndi kukhala mlengalenga kungakhale ngati kudandaula ndi makoswe omwe amasuntha ndi kukuza mapiko. Anthu omwe amateteza thupi lawo amateteza thupi lawo mosavuta ngakhale kuti kachilomboka kamasintha pang'ono. Sitikudandaula kuti katemera opangidwa akufunika kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda - ndipo kwenikweni amachokera ku chiyambi, zowonongeka zogwirizana zimayang'aniridwa ndi chitukuko cha katemera.
Dr Anthony Fauci, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director, adati: "Palibe zodabwitsa kuti kachilombo kamasintha." Iye akuwonjezera, sipakhala kudandaula pang'ono pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa kachilombo ka HIV.
Ebola mwina analipo tisanadziwe.
Tisanadziwe Ebola ku West Africa, mwina kunali kumeneko.
Asayansi anayang'ana mmbuyo pa magazi omwe amasungidwa kuchokera kwa odwala omwe anabwera kuchipatala omwe ankaganiza - koma amayesedwa chifukwa cha - malungo a Laser. Matendawa ndiwowopsa kwambiri omwe amabwera ku West Africa kumene Ebola ikufalikira. Lassa ingafanane ndi Ebola koma ochepa amamwalira chifukwa cha (pafupifupi 10%) - koma pali zochitika zambiri za Lassa, kawirikawiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kawirikawiri anthu ambiri amafa kuchokera ku Lassa (5000) pachaka ku West Africa kusiyana ndi Ebola, yomwe yatenga miyoyo yoposa 11,000 kuyambira 2013, koma mpaka chaka cha 2013 chidachitika pafupifupi West Africa. Odwala ambiri akuganiza kuti ali ndi Lassa omwe anayesedwa molakwika kwa Lassa Fever anamwalira (36%).
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2011, pakati pa anthu omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi Lassa koma Lassa, odwala 22% anayezetsa matenda a Ebola. (Komabe, 1 okha mwa ambiri amawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa magazi, zomwe zikanawonetsa matenda omwe alipo). Ena mwa odwalawa mwina adadwala ndi Ebola; ena amatha kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana.
Ebola yakhala ikudumpha kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu nthawi zambiri ku West Africa.
Ngati kuli Ebola m'derali, matendawa a Ebola angakhale ochokera ku zinyama.
Tikudziwa ku Cote d'Ivoire pafupi, pakhala pali vuto limodzi la Ebola, la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Ebolavirus (Taï Forest ebolavirus), yomwe inachokera ku chimpanzi, yomwe inaphedwa ndi Ebola. Mankhwalawa amasonyeza kuti anthu ali ndi kachilomboka kale.
Nchifukwa chiyani chikufalikira tsopano?
Kuti matendawa afalike, payenera kukhala kusakaniza bwino - mwinamwake mwayi wolakwika. Sitikutanthauza kuti matendawa asintha kukhala otheka kwambiri. Zinthu zambiri zingakhudze pamene matenda akufalikira. Mvula ndi zinyama zakuda (ie bat) kusamukira kungakhudze ngati anthu amakumana ndi nyama zonyamula Ebola. Kupititsa patsogolo njira kumathandiza - kufalitsa matenda mofulumira komanso mofulumira ndikulola kuyankha matendawa. Anthu omwe akutsatira matenda mosalekeza akhoza kupita patsogolo; odwala angasamalire kapena abwerere kukawona mabanja ndi misewu yabwino. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nthawi zambiri amatha kubwereranso ku maliro a mchiritsi wotchuka kwambiri omwe adamwalira atayesa kuchiritsa odwala, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kufalikira kwadzidzidzi kwadzidzidzi kudutse. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zatsogolera Ebola kufalitsa ku West Africa.