Makolo akufunika kwambiri kuti azitha kusokoneza chidziwitso cha umoyo wawo, monga momwe anthu ambiri amapitira kumalo amene amalingalira kuti ndi osasangalatsa kapena olekanitsa.
Nthaŵi zina, alendo ochokera ku India, Pakistan, kapena Philippines, ndi ena, akungopita "kunyumba" ndi ana awo kukachezera achibale ndi abwenzi.
Komanso si zachilendo kuti mabanja apite ku Asia ndi ku Africa paulendo waumishonale kapena kungokhala tchuthi ku malo atsopano.
Tsoka ilo, ana ndi makolo awo ali ndi chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana akamapita ku malo ambiri. Mapulani a zaumoyo ena, kuphatikizapo dokotala wa ana anu komanso tsamba la CDC Traveler's Health kuti awone ngati ana anu akufuna chithandizo china chilichonse, katemera wothandizira, kapena njira zowonjezera, zingathandize kuchepetsa ngozi.
Katemera Woyenda
Pamene mukuyenda, mukhoza kudandaula za ana anu omwe amatenga matenda omwe sangawadziwitse, monga dengue fever, kolera, kapena encephalitis ya ku Japan, koma nkofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda ena ambiri omwe ali nawo amapezekabe dziko, kuphatikizapo matenda omwe amachitidwa ndi:
- Nthomba
- Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b (Hib)
- Pertussis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Popeza ambiri mwa matendawa omwe amapewa katemera ku United States adakali otanganidwa kwambiri m'mayiko ena, makamaka m'mayiko osauka, kupeza katemera onse m'ndondomeko yatsopano ya katemera n'kofunika.
Kuphulika kwatsopano kwaposachedwapa ku US, kuphatikizapo kuphulika kwa mitsempha ndi chikuku, kwayambika ndi ana omwe adatuluka kunja kwa dziko, adadwala, ndipo amabweretsa matendawa kubwerera kwawo, kufalitsa kwa ana ena osadziŵika.
Malingana ndi kumene mukupita, mwana wanu angathenso katemera wina asanayende, kuphatikizapo:
- Chithandizo cha mphepo yamkuntho : Amapezeka ngati katemera wakamwa kwa ana omwe ali osachepera zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kapena ngati kuwombera anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera ziwiri, akupita kumadera omwe ali pangozi yaikulu ya chiwopsezo cha typhoid, makamaka South Asia, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Africa, Central America, ndi South America.
- Katemera wa malungo a chikondwerero : Katemera woteteza kachilombo ka HIV omwe amaperekedwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ndipo akupita kumadera a South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, etc.) ndi Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, ndi zina. ) pamene pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga chikasu chachiwindi kuchokera ku zilonda za udzudzu.
- Katemera wa encephalitis wa ku Japan (JE-VAX) : Kawirikawiri amalangizidwa kwa ana omwe ali osachepera miyezi 12 akupita ku madera akuluakulu a Asia ndi kumadzulo kwa Pacific kwa nthawi yaitali, makamaka ngati akukhala m'madera akumidzi.
- Katemera wa meningococcal : Ngakhale ana ku US atalandira katemera wa meningococcal kuti ateteze ku matenda a Neisseria meningitidis , iwo samapeza mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 11 kapena 12. Oyenda m'madera ena omwe ali pangozi, makamaka mimba ya meningitis ya Africa ya kum'mwera kwa Sahara, ayenera kukhala ndi katemera wawo wam'mbuyomu, ali ndi zaka ziwiri, makamaka ngati amayenda nthawi yadzuwa (December mpaka June) pamene matendawa akufala kwambiri .
- Katemera wa abambo : Amphawi a agalu akadalibe vuto m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale zilipo, kupeza katemera wa rabies musanayende ulendo waulendo kwa ana ambiri, kupatula ngati simukuganiza kuti mutha kupeza chithandizo choyenera kuchipatala kumene mukuyenda. M'malo mwake, ayenera kuyesetsa kupeŵa kuwonetseredwa popewa kuthamangitsidwa ku nyama zowopsa, monga agalu a pamsewu, abulu, amphaka, ndi amphaka, ndi zina zotero).
Zakudya ndizovuta padziko lonse kuti katemera wa MMR aperekedwe kwa ana omwe ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngati atachoka ku United States, makamaka ngati amapita ku dera lokhala ndi chikumanga chachikulu.
Ana omwe ali osachepera miyezi 12 ayenera kutenga mlingo wa MMR, wopatulidwa ndi masiku osachepera 28.
Malaria
Kuphatikiza pa kukwera pa chitukuko pa katemera, ana omwe akupita ku madera omwe amapezeka m'magawo amafunikanso kumwa mankhwala oletsa kuti asadwale ngati akumwa ndi udzudzu.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti malo okhala ndi malungo amayenda mbali yaikulu ya dziko, kuphatikizapo zigawo zazikulu za Central America, South America, mbali za Caribbean, Africa (makamaka kum'mwera kwa Sahara Africa), South Asia, Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe , ndi South Pacific.
CDC imapereka chidziwitso cha malungo ndi dziko kuti zikuthandizeni inu ndi adokotala anu kudziwa ngati ana anu amafunikira malungo prophylaxis musanayambe ulendo.
Kumbukirani kuti:
- Oyamba ndi achiwiri omwe akuchokera kudziko lawo komanso mabanja awo omwe akubwerera kwawo kudziko lawo ndikupita kukacheza ndi abwenzi ndi abambo nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a malungo.
- Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera malungo nthawi zambiri amadalira kumene mukuyenda, monga malo ena ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsa chloroquine kapena Lariam (mefloquine).
- Doxycycline, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku, sangaperekedwe kwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
- Lariam ndi yabwino chifukwa imatengedwa kamodzi pa sabata, koma muyenera kuyamba masabata awiri musanayende ndipo makolo ena amadandaula za zotsatira za Lariam.
- Malarone (Atovaquone / Proguanil) imayenera kukhala olekerera, ndi zotsatira zochepa, koma zimayenera kutengedwa tsiku lililonse ndikuyenda komanso zingakhale zodula.
- Mankhwala oletsa kuteteza malungo amangobwera ngati mapiritsi, omwe angakhale vuto kwa ana aang'ono omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi panobe. Popeza mankhwalawa amakhala owawa, CDC imalangiza kuti makolo amasakaniza mapiritsi osakaniza ndi chinachake chokoma, monga maapuloauce, madzi a chokoleti, kapena odzola. Mayi wanu amatha kupiranso mapiritsi ndikuwaphatikiza mu mapiritsi a gelatin ngati mwana wanu akufuna kutenga 1/4 kapena 1/2 piritsi kuti atsimikizire kuti amapeza mlingo woyenera.
Onetsetsani kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza tizilombo , zovala zoyenera, ndi maukonde kuti mupewe udzudzu ndi udzudzu wa tizilombo.
Machenjezo Omwe Amayenda Panyumba
CDC imasindikiza machenjezo a maulendo oyendayenda, monga SARS kuphulika ku Asia kumbuyo mu 2003, momwe amalangiza kuti oyendayenda apitirize ulendo wosafunika.
Amafalanso zofala zambiri, koma zizindikiro zochepa zowopsa zowonongeka ndi zochepetsera zaumoyo kuti azichenjeza ndi kuwachenjeza anthu za zoopsa zosiyanasiyana za umoyo kwa oyendayenda komanso momwe angachepetsere ngozi.
Kuwonjezera pa machenjezo a ma CDC oyendayenda, Dipatimenti ya Malamulo ku United States imasindikiza mndandanda wa machenjezo omwe akuyenda panopa.
Makolo angayang'ane machenjezo awa asanayambe ulendo ndi ana awo.
Nsonga Zina
Kuwonjezera pa kutsimikizira kuti inshuwalansi yanu yaumoyo idzaphimba ana anu pamene mukuyenda komanso mukudziwa kumene mungapite ngati ana anu akudwala, malangizo ena othandizira maulendo ndi awa ndi awa:
- Kuwonjezera pa dipatimenti yaumoyo yakumalonda kapena kuchipatala chodzipatula, mukhoza kupeza katemera wa typhoid ndi mankhwala ena oyendayenda kuchokera ku pharmacy komweko ndi mankhwala ochokera kwa ana anu.
- Nthaŵi ya ntchentche ku South Africa nthawi zambiri imachitika kuyambira April mpaka September, pamene inu mukhoza kupeza chimfine pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse pachaka m'madera otentha ndi otentha.
- Mankhwala olembedwa kuti asatenge matenda oyendayenda, monga chigamba cha scopolamine, sakuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana, omwe angathe kutenga mapiritsi okongola a Dramamine m'malo mwake.
- Pofuna kuchepetsa vuto la kutsegula m'mimba kwa mwana wanu, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyeretsera kumwa mowa komanso madzi oundana, kutsuka mano awo, ndikusakaniza makanda a mwana, ndi zina zotero.
- Kuwonjezera pa dzuwa ndi mankhwala ena onse, mwana wanu amatenga nthawi zonse, amabweretsanso mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti azidziwika bwino, monga acetaminophen ndi ibuprofen (kupweteka ndi kuchepetsa malungo) ndi Benadryl (kuyabwa ndi kuyimitsa maganizo).
- Ana amaganiziridwa ndi akatswiri ambiri kuti akhale pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda, zomwe zingachitike poyendera malo okwera kwambiri (kawirikawiri pamtunda wa mamita 8,000), popanda choyamba kutengera mpweya wotsikira m'mwamba.
- Ngati kusuta ndikumana ndi ana anu kumakhala mukukonzekera, kumbukirani kuti akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti asamapatse ana okhala ndi mphumu ya mphumu ya mphumu. Komanso, ngakhale mabungwe ena, monga Professional Association of Dive Instructors, amati ana aang'ono monga zaka 10 akhoza kuphunzira kusewera pamadzi, ena, monga Pacific Southern Undersea Medical Society, amapereka zaka zosachepera zaka 16.
- Onetsetsani kuuza mwana wanu za kayendetsedwe ka posachedwa ngati ana anu akudwala atabwerera kwawo kuchokera ku ulendo waposachedwa kuchokera kunja, makamaka ngati ali ndi malungo komanso / kapena kutupa, ngakhale patapita milungu kapena miyezi ingapo.
Ulendo wotuluka kunja kwa dziko ukhoza kukhala tchuthi lalikulu la banja, makamaka ngati mumachezera achibale ndi anzanu omwe ana anu sanakumane nawopo kale. Musalole vuto la thanzi la kuyenda liwononge izo.
Zotsatira
CDC. Uthenga Wathanzi wa Kuyenda Kadziko Lonse (Yellow Book) 2010.