Zizindikiro zofatsa, zozizira zimatha kupha ena
Chiwindi cha West Nile ndi matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu omwe 75 peresenti yamatenda sangakhale ndi zizindikilo zosazindikirika. Otsala 25 peresenti akhoza kukhala ndi malungo, mutu, kusanza, kapena kuthamanga. Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka West Nile sichimayambitsa matenda akuluakulu akuluakulu kapena ana omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo chamthupi (monga okalamba ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi) ali pangozi yaikulu ya mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo meningitis ndi encephalitis.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro m'masiku awiri kapena 14 akuwonetseredwa. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndizo:
- Mutu
- Fever
- Minofu yamphongo (myalgia)
- Zowawa zofanana (arthralgia)
- Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
- Nausea
- Kuthamanga
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kutupa kwa mitsempha yam'mimba ( lymphadenopathy )
- Kuthamanga kwa nyimbo (zomwe zimadziwika ndi ziphuphu zofiira)
Zizindikiro zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zimatha masiku angapo kapena masabata. Popanda kuthamanga, anthu nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuti matendawa ndi ofanana ndi chimfine kapena chimfine chozizira. Kawiri kawiri, zizindikirozo zidzasintha okha popanda mankhwala.
Mavuto
Vuto la West Nile ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a ubongo, kutanthauza kuti limasokoneza dongosolo la manjenje. Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chingathe kulamulira ndipo pamapeto pake chimachepetsa HIV.
Komabe, zomwezo sizingakhale zoona kwa anthu omwe machitidwe awo a chitetezo cha m'thupi amatengeka .
Izi zimayika magulu ena-monga okalamba, olandira ziwalo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi , ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa-pa chiopsezo chowonjezereka choopsa komanso chowopsya.
Zizindikiro ndi zolimba za zizindikiro zimadalira makamaka mbali za dongosolo la manjenje zakhudzidwa.
Pamodzi, mavutowa amatchedwa matenda a West Nile neuroinvasive (WNND) ndipo amaphatikizapo encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, ndi poliomyelitis. Zonsezi, WNND imayanjanitsidwa ndi ngozi 9 peresenti ya imfa. Mlingo umakhulupirira kuti ndi wapamwamba kwa okalamba.
West Nile Encephalitis
West Nile encephalitis ndi chikhalidwe chimene kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa kutupa kwa ubongo. Icho chimatero mwa kudutsa malire a ubongo-ubongo omwe ali moyandikana ndi ubongo ndi kusungira kunja mawonekedwe owopsa. Vuto la West Nile ndi limodzi mwa mavairasi ochepa omwe amatha kutero.
West Nile encephalitis ndiwonekera kwambiri kwa WNND. Zimayambitsa kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa khosi kapena kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kuiwala, kutaya mtima kwambiri, kutengeka mtima (photophobia), ndi kusintha kwa umunthu kapena khalidwe.
Pakati pa 30 peresenti ndi 50 peresenti ya anthu okhala ndi West Nile encephalitis adzalandira zofooka zapachibale (kutanthauza mbali imodzi ya thupi). Mwa izi, ena angapite patsogolo ku ziwalo zofooka, mtundu wa ziwalo zomwe minofu silingathe kuigwira.
West Nile Meningitis
West Nile meningitis ndi chikhalidwe chimene chiwopsezochi chimayambitsa kutupa kwa meninges, zibulu zitatu zomwe zimazungulira ndi kutsekereza ubongo ndi msana.
Ngakhale kutsekemera kwapachipatala kungayambitse zizindikiro zofanana za West Nile encephalitis, sizimasintha khalidwe la munthu kapena umunthu wake. Nseru, kusanza, ndi mantha a phokoso lamkokomo (phonophobia) ndizofala.
West Nile Meningoencephalitis
West Nile meningoencephalitis ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza ubongo ndi meninges. Amuna a zaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 89 ali ndi mwayi woposa 20 wokhala ndi West Nile meningoencephalitis kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri, pamene anthu omwe ali ndi machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi ali pangozi 40.
Pamene meningoencephalitis imagawana zizindikiro zambiri za m'mimba za matenda a meningitis ndi encephalitis, zimakhala zoopsa komanso zotalikirapo (ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatha) ndi vutoli.
Chiopsezo cha imfa ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, kupitirira pakati pa 12 peresenti ndi 15 peresenti. Anthu omwe ali achiopsezo amatha kukhala oposa 35 peresenti.
West Nile Poliomyelitis
West Nile poliomyelitis, monga mitundu ina ya polio, imakhala ndi zovuta komanso nthawi zambiri zimasowa kutaya magalimoto. Mosiyana ndi mavuto ena a ubongo wa West Nile fever, poliomyelitis sangakhale limodzi ndi malungo, kumutu, kapena zizindikiro zina zomwe zimawoneka za matenda.
Matendawa amapezeka mwadzidzidzi wa flaccid ziwalo za thupi, kawirikawiri popanda kutayika. Kufa ziwalo nthawi zambiri kumayamba kupweteka ndipo kumatha msanga, kawirikawiri mkati mwa masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu a maonekedwe oyambirira.
Kawirikawiri, West Nile poliomyelitis ingakhudze kupuma kwake ndipo imafuna mpweya wabwino kuti umuthandize munthuyo kupuma. Zingathenso kuyambitsa matenda a sphincter , zomwe zimayambitsa ukodzo kapena kutaya mtima .
Ngakhale kuti ziwalozo zingabweretse kuwonongeka kwamuyaya, milandu yowopsya imatha kusintha bwino kwambiri pamene maselo a mitsempha yokhudzana ndi matendawa amatha kupeza kachiwiri ndi kubwezeretsa mgwirizano. Anthu omwe ali ndi miyendo yochepa yawonongeke akuwonetsa kusintha kwabwino. Pomwe zikunenedwa, mphamvu zambiri zowonongeka zidzachitika pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu potsatira chiyambi cha zizindikiritso, potsirizira pake zidzawoneka bwino.
Kuphulika kwa Nile Kumadzulo kwa Nile
Magulu a ku West Nile omwe amachititsa kuti ziwalo zowonongeka zikhale zochepa, zochepa zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhudza mbali imodzi yokha ya thupi. Ngakhale kuti vutoli silingamvetsetse bwino, amakhulupirira kuti amayamba kutupa gawo limodzi la msana wam'mimba (wotchedwa nyanga yamkati ) yomwe imayambitsa poliomyelitis ndi matenda a Lou Gehrig .
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ziwalo za West Nile zomwe zimawongolera ku West Nile polimbana ndi matenda ndizomwe zimayankhidwa mosavuta ngakhale pamene kufooka kwa minofu kumachitika. Ngakhale chiwalo choyamba chikhoza kukhala chozama, chidzasintha ndi kuwonongeka kochepa kwa magalimoto.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Kupeza kuluma kwa udzudzu sikukutanthauza kuti mudzalandira chimfine cha West Nile. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka West Nile sangadziwe konse kapena kungolakwitsa chifukwa cha chimfine chofewa. Ngakhale mutapeza kuti muli ndi kachilomboka, mwayi ndi wabwino kuti mukhale bwino popanda mavuto kapena chithandizo.
Ndikunena kuti, ngati ndinu okalamba kapena okhudzidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, muyenera kufunafuna chisamaliro mwamsanga ngati mukudwala mutu, kutentha thupi, kuuma kwa khosi, kusokonezeka, kutengeka, kapena kufooka kwadzidzidzi. Izi zikhoza kukhala zizindikiro za encephalitis kapena meningitis, zomwe zonsezi zimafuna chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi.
Vuto la West Nile silili nthendayi yogwirizana ndi ulendo wakunja. Mutha kuitenga ku United States mosavuta monga Africa ndi Middle East. Anthu osowa kwambiri, omwe akhala akuchitika pakati pa okalamba, akhala akuchepa, kuyambira ku Canada ochepa kufika pa 177 ku United States.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Vuto la West Nile. Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa August 2, 2017.
> Gyure, K. West Nile matenda opatsirana. J Neuropath Exper Neurology. 2009; 10 (1): 1053-60. DOI: 10.1097 / NEN.0b013e3181b88114.
> Hughes, J .; Wilson, M .; ndi Sejvar, J. Zotsatira za Nthawi Zakale za Matenda a Edzi. Clin Infect Dis. 2007: 44 (12): 1617-24. DOI: 10.1086 / 51828.