Kumvetsetsa Mtsempha Wamtenda ndi Matenda Monga ALS
Mtsempha wa msana umapangidwa ndi imvi ndi nkhani yoyera. Ngati mutadula mutuwo, mudzawona mutu wakuda ngati gulugufe lozunguliridwa ndi zoyera. Mphungu imapangidwa ndi ma neuroni (maselo apadera a mitsempha omwe amawatumizira mauthenga ku maselo ena a mitsempha) ndi maselo am'ngozi (omwe amazungulira ndi kuika maselo a neuron).
Mutu wofiira umapanga maziko a msana wamtsempha ndipo umakhala ndi zowonjezera zinayi zotchedwa "nyanga." Lipenga likuphatikizidwanso kukhala zigawo (kapena zipilala) ndi nyanga yam'mbuyo yomwe ili kumbuyo, nyanga zazing'ono zimayikidwa kumbali, ndipo nyanga yoyamba ili patsogolo.
Nyanga yam'mimba ya msana (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti anterior cornu) ili ndi maselo a magalimoto omwe amakhudza mitsempha.
Kumvetsetsa Mavotolo a Magalimoto
Mukasunthira, ubongo umatumiza uthenga ku maselo a msana. Maselo ameneĊµa amatumiza uthengawo ku dongosolo la mitsempha lozungulira , mbali ya mitsempha yomwe ili kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana.
Mitsempha ya minofu ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mchitidwe wamanjenje. Maselo a mitsempha omwe amayendetsa uthengawu amatchedwa motor neurons.
Mitsempha yomwe imatumiza mauthenga pakati pa ubongo ndi msana imatchedwa apamwamba motor neurons, ndipo zomwe zimatumizira mauthenga kuchokera msana kupita ku minofu zimatchedwa zotsika zotchedwa neurons.
Kumvetsa Magalimoto a Neuron Matenda
Matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa ndi zotchedwa motor neuron . Monga momwe dzina limasonyezera, matenda amtundu wa mpweya amachepetsa mphamvu ya munthu kusunthira. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri cha izi ndi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . Zina ndizo polio ndi matenda a Kennedy .
Akatswiri a zamaganizo adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a thupi kuti adziwe momwe matendawa aliri. Zochitika za matendawa zimasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- Matenda okhudza ma neuroni apamwamba amatha kuwonetsa kuuma kapena kupatsirana (kupitiriza kupweteka kwa minofu kumakhudza kayendetsedwe kabwino).
- Matenda omwe amawombera m'munsi amadziwika kwambiri ndi mitsempha ya atrophy (kutayika) ndi fasciculations (mwachidule, zozizwitsa za minofu).
- Mu mitundu ina ya matenda a neuron, monga ALS, ntchito zonse zam'mwamba ndi zapansi zotchedwa neuron zimakhudzidwa.
Mitundu ya Matenda a Neuron Matenda
Matenda a mphutsi ndizochepa zomwe zimawononga pang'onopang'ono mbali za dongosolo la mitsempha zomwe zimayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Matenda a mphutsi amatha kuoneka pa msinkhu uliwonse omwe amawoneka mwa anthu oposa 40. Amakhudza amuna kuposa akazi.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a neuron:
- ALS (omwe amadziwikanso ndi matenda a Lou Gehrig ) ndiwo mtundu wamba wa matendawa. Zimakhudza minofu ya manja, miyendo, pakamwa, ndi kupuma. Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chake sichidziwikiratu nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi chibadwa cha banja.
- PBP palsy (PBP) imaphatikizapo ubongo ndipo imayambitsa mfuti, kuvutika kulankhula, kudya, ndi kumeza. Chifukwa cha PBP sichikudziwika koma chimakhulupirira kuti chikugwirizana ndi majini.
- Kupititsa patsogolo minofu ya atrophy (PMA) ndi kusiyana kwa ALS kamodzi koma pang'onopang'ono kumayambitsa kupweteka kwa minofu (atrophy).
- Matenda oyambirira a lateral sclerosis (PLS ) ndi mtundu wosadziwika wa matenda omwe amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale PLS sichimapha, PLS ikhoza kusokoneza ntchito yachizolowezi ndi khalidwe la munthu.
- Mitsempha ya m'mimba (SMA) ndi mtundu wobadwa nawo wa magalimoto otchedwa neuron omwe amakhudza ana. Zimagwirizanitsa kupweteka kwa minofu, kupititsa patsogolo, ndi kutaya mphamvu za minofu ya kupuma.
> Chitsime:
> Tiryaki, E. ndi Holli, H. "ALS ndi Other Motor Neurons Matenda." Kupitiriza: Kuphunzira Moyo Wonse mu Neurology. 2014 ; 20 (5): 1185-1207.