Kufufuza Neuroni Machire Monga Momwe Tingatanthauze Kuchitira Chisoni
Nchifukwa chiyani mtima uyenera kupezeka? Chifukwa chiyani kuwona munthu kuseka kumatipangitsa ife kufuna kuseka? Kapena kulirira, chifukwa chachoncho?
Pa mutu wooneka wosagwirizana, n'chifukwa chiyani padziko lapansi timadumpha pamene ena adathamanga?
Mazira a Mirror mu Mabulu
Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mayankho a mafunso onga awa adzapezeka mu "mirror neurons". M'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, gulu la Atsikana a ku Italy omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo ku yunivesite ya Parma ankaphunzira ntchito za neuronal mwa kuika makompyuta pamakona a anyani a Macaque.
Ng'ombeyo imatha kudya, ndipo mitsempha ya mitsempha imatha moto. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ochita kafukufukuwa anapeza kuti maselowa anathamanganso pamene nyaniyo inawona munthu atenga chidutswa cha chakudya. Izi zinayambitsa zowonjezereka zomwe zinapeza ntchito ya "galasi" yoteroyi pafupi ndi magawo khumi a neuroni m'madera ena a nyanjayi zam'mbuyo ndi zamapiri.
Neirons Machira Mwa Anthu
Kuyeza ntchito zamagetsi kuchokera pamtima kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kutero mu macaques. Pokufika pa kujambulidwa kwa maginito , magulu oterewa anayamba kuchitika mwa anthu. Kafukufuku wogwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo amasonyeza kuti pali malo omwe amapezeka pakati pa zigawo poyang'ana ena omwe ali ndi malingaliro kapena kuchita zinthu zina, ndi malo omwe amachititsa ubongo ("kuunika") tikamachita zomwezo. Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya podetal lobe ikhoza kuyatsa zonse tikasunthira, kapena pamene tiyang'ana wina akusuntha.
Mu 2010, ofufuza adatha kulemba mwachindunji ntchito zamagetsi za malo a ubongo mwa anthu opaleshoni ya ubongo. Ntchito yamakono ya neuron inapezenso, yomwe inathandizira zotsatira za maphunziro a fMRI.
Kutsutsana
Pali malingaliro ambiri ponena za kufunikira kwa magalasi a mirror.
Ochita kafukufuku ena adanena kuti magalasi ogwira ntchito pamakono amatithandiza kumvetsetsa zolinga za anthu ena, zomwe zingatithandize kuti tidziwitse zomwe ena akuchita, ndipo zingakhale zofunikira kuti tizimvetsetsa maganizo a ena. Ena amaganiza kuti matendawa mu mirror neuron systems akhoza kukhala ndi autism , ngakhale zoona za kugwirizana uku kutanthauza kuti ziwonekere.
Komabe, ofufuza ambiri achenjeza kuti zonena zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa pa galasi neuroni sizigwirizana mokwanira ndi sayansi panthawiyi. Iwo amanena kuti magalasi amtunduwu angakhale zizindikiro za kayendedwe kamodzi kogwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka ubongo - ndi njira yowonjezereka yokhudzana ndi mitsempha yaumidzi - komanso yopangidwa ndi malingaliro a tsiku ndi tsiku, osati dalaivala wa chifundo. Mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi ubwino wa kafukufuku wa mirror neuron zatulutsidwa. Lingaliro loti magalasi amatha kuyambitsa kumvetsetsa kwa zochita zakhala zovuta kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za mkangano ndi lingaliro lakuti pali chinachake chapadera kapena chapadera pa ma neuroni omwe amagwira mu mirroring. Mmalo moyankhula "magalasi a mirror," zingakhale zomveka kunena mafilimu a magalasi, popeza palibe kanthu kokhudza neuron yomwe imatha kukhala nayo yokhala yovuta monga chifundo.
Ndondomeko ya Mirror M'malo mwa Mirror Neuron
Lingaliro la maukonde omwe amachititsa kumvetsa chisoni amatchulidwa ngati "galasi" la neuron system, yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikuphatikizapo madera omwe amatsogola ndi apereti lobes mu anthu. Ntchito ina yanena kuti anthu omwe amayang'ana munthu wina akumva kupweteka, makamaka ngati munthuyo ali pafupi ndi iwo, amakhalanso ndi neurons moto m'kati mwa insula yomwe imakhala ndi mkati komanso malo amtundu wotchedwa cortex - zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ululu.
Pansi
Mwa njira, ubongo umodzi umatsanzira wina siwatsopano. Ndipotu, nkofunika kuti tiphunzire, makamaka pamene tidali aang'ono kwambiri.
Ana amakonda kutsanzira makolo awo, ndipo pofuna kunena, kudziyerekezera kuti awononge pansi ngati amayi, ma neuroni ofanana amafunika kuwombera manja ndi miyendo. Sizovuta kuganiza kuti ubongo uli ndi njira zofanana zothandizira kumvetsa chinenero kapena kutengeka. Mwina, pamapeto pake, "mirroring" ndiyo njira yomwe ma neuroni ambiri muubongo amatha kuchita ntchito zawo za kuphunzira ndi kusintha, malinga ndi zomwe amawona ena akuchita mudziko lozungulira.
Zotsatira:
Oberman, LM, Hubbard, EM, McCleery, JP, Altschuler, EL, Ramachandran, VS, & Pineda, JA (2005). Zolemba za EEG za mirror neuron zosayendera m'maganizo a autism spectral, Lingaliro lalingaliro la ubongo , 24 (2): 190-8.
Pobric, G., Hamilton, AF (2006 Mar 7). Chidziwitso cha ntchito chimafuna kanyumba kolowera kotsika. Biology Yamakono, 16 (5): 524-9.
Rizzolatti, G., Craighero, L. (2004). Magalasi-neuron dongosolo. Kupenda Pachaka kwa Neuroscience. 27: 169-192.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Kusamalidwa kwa anthu. Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwambiri pa Moyo Wachikhalidwe , 16 (4), 69-85.
Théoret, H., Pascual Leone, A. (2002). Kupeza Zinenero: Chitani Monga Mumamvera. Biology Yamakono, 12 (21): R736-7.