Kumvetsetsa Functional Neuroimaging
Maginito Resonance Imaging (MRI) yathandiza madokotala kuti apeze zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za nyumba za ubongo. Njira yatsopano yodziwika kuti functional MRI ikhoza kupita patsogolo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ntchito ya ubongo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pa kafufuzidwe kafukufuku, ikukhala yowonjezereka mu malo ochizira.
Mwinamwake mukukumana ndi zithunzi zomwe zinapangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ya MRI nthawi ina.
Amasonyeza ubongo uli ndi malo achikuda omwe amasonyeza mbali za ubongo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito zina monga chinenero kapena kuyenda. Maphunzirowa ndi otchuka kwambiri: Mazana mazana a zolemba za sayansi pogwiritsa ntchito lusoli amalembedwa mwezi uliwonse, zambiri zomwe zimatchulidwanso muzitsulo. Koma zithunzizi zimapangidwa motani, ndipo kwenikweni zikuimira chiyani?
MRI imagwira ntchito bwanji
MRI yothandizira imagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera chotchedwa kusiyana kwa magazi (BOLD). Magazi akuyenda mu ubongo amanyamula oksijeni pa maselo otchedwa hemoglobin . Mamolekyu a hemoglobin amanyamula zitsulo ndipo motero amakhala ndi maginito. Zimakhala kuti maselo a hemoglobini ali ndi maginito osiyana akakhala ndi okosijeni kusiyana ndi pamene alibe oksijeni, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku kungawoneke ndi makina a MRI.
Pamene malo a ubongo akugwira ntchito, poyamba amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino m'magazi.
Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, ubongo umatulutsa mitsempha ya m'magawo kuti akabwezeretse mpweya wabwino. Ubongo ukhozanso kugwira ntchitoyi bwino kwambiri kuti magazi oposa ambiri apite kudera kusiyana ndi zomwe poyamba zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala a MRI akhoza kuzindikira kusiyana kwa chizindikiro chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa magazi m'magazi.
Choncho maphunziro a MRI osagwirizana kwenikweni akuyang'ana ntchito ya neuronal mwachindunji, koma akuyang'ana momwe magulu a mpweya wa oxygen amasinthira ndikugwirizanitsa ntchitoyi ndi mitsempha yothamanga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti lingaliro limeneli ndi lolondola, ngakhale kuti matenda monga kupweteka kwamtundu, zotupa , komanso ukalamba wachibadwa angasinthe mgwirizano pakati pa ntchito za neural ndi kutuluka kwa magazi komwe kumabweretsa chizindikiro cha BOLD.
Madokotala Angagwiritse Ntchito Bwanji MRI Yogwira Ntchito?
Chifukwa ndi teknoloji yatsopano komanso chifukwa njira zina zingayankhe mafunso ofanana omwe FMRI ikhoza, fMRI siigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala. Komabe, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza kukonza opaleshoni yofunikira ya ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khunyu ikufuna kuchotsa chifuwa cha ubongo chomwe chikukhala pafupi ndi malo a chinenero cha ubongo, akhoza kuitanitsa maphunziro a fMRI kuti athandize kusonyeza kwenikweni zomwe mbali za ubongo zimakhudzidwa ndi chinenero. Izi zimathandiza kuti neurosurgeon ipewe kuwononga zigawozo pamene akuchita opaleshoni. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa fMRI kuli mufukufuku wa zachipatala.
Kodi Kafukufuku Wotani Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito FMRI?
Pali njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito fMRI kuti muone ngati ubongo umagwira ntchito. Njira imodzi ikuwongolera kupeza malo enieni a ubongo omwe amachitapo kanthu pa ntchito inayake kapena kuyambitsa.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali mujambuzi la MRI angasonyezedwe kanyumba kowonongeka pamagulu ena, ndipo nthawi zina palibe tsamba lopanda kanthu. Iwo akhoza kupemphedwa kukankhira batani pokhapokha atawona bolodi lakuda. Chizindikiro pa ntchitoyi chidzafaniziridwa ndi chizindikiro pamene ntchitoyo isakwaniritsidwe, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala mtundu wa zithunzi zomwe zigawo za ubongo zimagwirira ntchito powona bolodi lakuda ndikuwongolera batani.
Njira yina yomwe fMRI ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndiyo kuyesa mawonekedwe a neural. Izi zimaphatikizapo kudziwa zomwe mbali za ubongo zikuyankhulana. Ngati mbali imodzi ya ubongo imakhala ikuwunikira nthawi yomweyo, mbali ziwiri za ubongo zingagwirizane.
Palibe ntchito yomwe ingafunike kuti muyambe kuphunzira. Pachifukwa ichi, maphunzirowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kupuma mafano ogwiritsira ntchito magnetic resonance imaging.
Zomwe zimachokera ku maphunziro a MRI ogwira ntchito ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kufufuza zambiri kuti zikhale zofunikira. Izi poyamba zinatsogolera anthu ambiri kuti asamakhulupirire zotsatira za maphunziro a MRI omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza zinkawoneka kuti pali mwayi wochulukirapo. Komabe, monga ochita kafukufuku ndi olemba kafukufuku adziwidziwa bwino ndi matekinoloje atsopanowo, zotsatira zimakhala zodalirika komanso zodalirika.
Kodi Tsogolo Lidzakhala Liti?
Maphunziro a MRI ogwira ntchito akhala akuwonetsa kale zinthu zambiri zokhudza ubongo, kuphatikizapo kutsimikizira zomwe tidziwa kale za njira za neural ndi malo omwe akukhalamo. Ngakhale kuli kovuta kunena ngati fMRI idzagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'maganizo, kutchuka kwake ndi kuthandizira ngati chida chofufuzira chokha chimapangitsa kuti madokotala ndi anthu ena akhale ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha momwe chida ichi chikugwirira ntchito.
Zotsatira:
Pressman P, Gitelman D. Ntchito Yothandizira MRI: Choyambirira cha anthu odwala matendawa. Neurology 2012 March 06, 78 (10) e68-e71
Faro SH, Mohamed FB, Wodzipereka V. Ntchito Yothandizira MRI: Mfundo Zothandiza ndi Zopempherera: Oxford Univrsity Press, USA, 2006.