Mutu, Minofu, ndi Zizindikiro Zina za Matenda a Ubongo
Ngati mwayamba kupweteka mutu kapena zizindikiro zina, mwina mukudabwa, "Kodi zingakhale zotupa za ubongo?" Mwamwayi, zizindikiro zofala za ubongo ndi zizindikiro zimakhala zosakhala zenizeni ndipo zimatha kutsanzira matenda ena. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro sizimangokweza mbendera zofiira zomwe zimafuula " ubongo wa ubongo " kwa dokotala. Matenda a ubongo ndi achilendo mosiyana ndi matenda ena omwe amachititsa zizindikiro zomwezo, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, madokotala samayesa kafukufuku wa ubongo nthawi yomweyo.
M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amayang'ana zinthu zina, zochepa kwambiri, pa ulendo woyamba.
Zizindikiro za ubongo za ubongo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwina chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Zizindikiro zimadalira kumene mu ubongo minofu ilipo, komanso kukula kwake. Koma kukula kwa chotupa sikuti kumakhudza kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, ngakhale ngakhale chotupa chochepa kwambiri chingayambitse zizindikiro zoopsa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zotupa za ubongo zingathe kukula kwambiri musanayambe kuonetsa zizindikiro. Zimadalira mbali imodzi ya ubongo yomwe imakhudzidwa.
Tiyeni tiwone mmene ziwalo za ubongo zimayambira zizindikiro, zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, ndi zizindikiro, ndipo potsiriza, ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kumalo a chotupa mu ubongo wanu.
Momwe Mimba Imayambira Chifukwa Zizindikiro
Matenda a ubongo angayambitse zizindikiro m'njira imodzi. Zingayambitse zizindikiro m'madera awo, malingana ndi malo ena a ubongo komwe ali, kapena zikhoza kuyambitsa zizindikiro.
Zizindikiro za m'deralo (zizindikiro zina) nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mbali ya ubongo yomwe imakhala ndi chotupa. Mwachitsanzo, chotupa mu ubongo chomwe chimapangitsa masomphenya kungabweretse masomphenya awiri. Chotupa mu ubongo chomwe chimayendetsa kusagwirizana chingayambitse kusagwirizana.
Zizindikiro zowononga (zizindikiro zowopsa) zingayambitse mavuto monga kuwonjezeka kwapopeni (kupanikizika kwa ubongo).
Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwapachipatala kungayambitse mutu, kutopa, ndi / kapena kugwidwa.
Chachitatu, zotupa za ubongo zingayambitse vuto pamene chotupa mu dera limodzi la ubongo chimachititsa kuti minofu ikhale yovuta (yoweta) kumalo ena a ubongo. Izi zingachititse kutaya mtima kapena kusintha kwa kupuma ndi mtima.
Popeza zotupa mu ubongo zimachitika mkati mwa denga la chigaza, zotupa za khansa (kansa ya ubongo) ndi zotupa zowononga zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana.
Zizindikiro Zowoneka ndi Zizindikiro za Ubongo
Zizindikiro za chotupa cha ubongo zingakhale zofatsa komanso zowonongeka, kapena mmalo mwake, zikhoza kukhala zoopsa komanso zoopsa. Apanso, nkofunika kudziwa kuti pazizindikiro zambiri, pali zina, zomwe zimayambitsa. Komabe, ngakhale zizindikirozi sizisonyezo za chifuwa cha ubongo ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Ululu ndi zovuta zina ndizo thupi lanu lakuuzani chinthu cholakwika. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa cha ubongo ndizo:
Mutu
Kufikira theka la anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu za ubongo amatha kupweteka mutu, koma mutu umakhala wokhudzana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe china chogonjetsa. Mutu sichimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha chotupa cha ubongo, komanso sizimangokhala chizindikiro chokhacho .
Matenda a ubongo pamutu nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zafotokozedwa m'munsimu monga kunyoza ndi kusanza. Amakonda kukhala osasinthasintha komanso osasinthasintha, ndi kupweteka kwa mutu kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Mutu chifukwa cha chotupa cha ubongo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mawa kwambiri, kapena ngati mutadzuka ku tulo usiku. Angakhale bwino tsiku lonse.
Mutu umayamba chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwachisokonezo m'malo moponderezedwa ndi chotupacho. Popeza kugona pansi kumachepa magazi amachokera mu chigaza, nthawi zambiri zimapweteka. Ululu ukhoza kuwonjezereka ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kupopera, kukokera, kugwedezeka, kapena kugwa pansi pamene mukukhala ndi thupi.
Mutu wa mutuwu ukhoza kukhala umodzi kapena wosiyana koma woipa pambali imodzi ya mutu wanu kuposa wina. Amakonda kukhala osasinthasintha (tsiku ndi tsiku) ndi oipitsitsa pa nthawi.
Ngati muli munthu amene samamva kupweteka mutu, kapena ngati mutapwetekedwa mutu kapena mutakhala woipa, onetsetsani kuti mukuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
Kugonjetsa
Kwa anthu atatu pa atatu aliwonse amafotokoza kuti akudwala matendawa asanadziwe kuti ali ndi chotupa cha ubongo. Kugonjetsa kungabwere chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwapakati pa ubongo kapena kuwonjezereka kwapopeni komwe kumabweretsa kuwonetsa kwamphamvu kwa magetsi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwa kumene kungachitike. Kugwidwa kwa Tonic-clonic (grand mal) kungachititse kuti thupi ligwedezeke ponseponse. Kawirikawiri zimataya chidziwitso komanso kutaya chikhodzodzo komanso nthawi zina zimataya. Kugunda kwa myotonic kungayambitse minofu yovuta, koma popanda kuzindikira.
Kugonjetsa mwamphamvu kungachititse kusintha m'masomphenya monga kuwona magetsi akuwala, fungo lachilendo, kapena zizindikiritso zina. Zokhumudwitsa zina zingayambitse munthu kukhala pansi ndikuyang'anitsitsa mumlengalenga, osawona malo ake. Komabe zina zowonongeka zingayambitse maonekedwe ngati zochitika. Pamene kugwidwa kambiri kumapezeka chifukwa cha chotupa cha ubongo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi mtundu wa kulanda ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika.
Ngakhale kugwedezeka kumawoneka chifukwa cha vuto lina, monga khunyu kapena kupwetekedwa , funsani kuchipatala mwamsanga ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwagwidwa.
Kuthamanga
Kuwombera, makamaka m'mawa komanso opanda nseru, kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa cha ubongo. Nausea, komabe, nthawi zina imatha kuchitika. Monga kupweteka kwa mutu, kusanza ndi chizindikiro chosadziwika chomwe chingayambidwe ndi zikhalidwe zambiri zosiyana. Kuwombera kumakhala kofala kwambiri m'mawa, ndipo, chifukwa cha chotupa cha ubongo, kaŵirikaŵiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kosasuntha (monga kubwereka pa kama).
Kusintha kwachidziwitso
Matenda a ubongo angachititse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Anthu akhoza kuzindikira mavuto ndi:
- Kukumbukila: Chotupa cha ubongo chingayambitse ubongo kukonza chidziwitso pang'onopang'ono. Munthu akhoza kumaiwala m'njira yomwe poyamba sichiwopsya, koma ikupita kupyola kuiwala komwe timakumana nako nthawi zina.
- Kuthetsa mavuto: Ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuganiza, monga kupanga masamu, kulemba ziganizo, kukhazikitsa bolodi la chess, kapena ngakhale kutsatira kapepala zingakhale zovuta.
- Kusamalitsa: Munthu akhoza kusokonezeka mosavuta ndipo amakhala ndi mavuto pa ntchito. Zingatengere nthawi yaitali kukwaniritsa ntchito zofunika kuposa nthawi zonse.
- Kusokonezeka: Zizindikiro zimasiyana ndi chisokonezo chochepa, monga kusamvetsetsa maonekedwe a zokambirana, zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri, monga kusazindikira nkhope ya munthu wodziwa bwino.
- Mavuto a m'mlengalenga: Mavuto ndi malingaliro a malo angapangitse munthu kuoneka wosasintha, akulowa mu makadi ndi zina zotere. Woyendetsa galimoto yabwino poyamba angakhale ndi ngozi ya galimoto chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zonsezi zikhoza kuchitika "kawirikawiri" ndi kutopa, kusowa mphamvu, ndi zina zamankhwala. Pamene zizindikirozi zimagwirizana ndi chotupa cha ubongo, nthawi zambiri zimapitirizabe pamene munthu ali bwino ndikumverera bwino.
Kutaya Chidziwitso
Kutaya chidziwitso kungachitike pazifukwa zingapo. Munthu akhoza kupepuka pang'onopang'ono mpaka atadziŵa kanthu, kapena kupanda kanthu kumabwera mwadzidzidzi. Pamene kupatsirana kwapirinali kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, kumatha kuyambitsa mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ku ubongo. Malingana ndi chifukwa chake, kutaya chidziwitso kungapite patsogolo. Kutaya chidziwitso chifukwa cha chotupa cha ubongo kawirikawiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimachulukitsa kupanikizika, monga kukhwimitsa, kunyoza, kusanza, kapena kugwa pansi chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa thupi kapena kukweza chinthu cholemera.
Makhalidwe kapena Kusintha kwa Mkhalidwe
Akulu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu za ubongo nthawi zina amawona kusintha kwa umunthu zomwe zimakhumudwitsa ndipo zimatha kusokoneza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kuseka pa zinthu zomwe sizinyanjane, mwadzidzidzi kuwonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana, kupsa mtima, komanso kupwetekedwa ndi zinthu zochepa chabe zomwe munthu angachite ngati ali ndi chotupa cha ubongo. Munthu akhoza kuchita zinthu zoopsa. N'zotheka kuti zikhalidwe za umunthu zikhale zowonjezereka.
Munthu angakhalenso wotengeka maganizo, ndipo zizindikiro za chotupa cha ubongo zakhala zikudziwika kuti zimatsanzira kupanikizika. Zonsezi, ndi kusintha kwa maganizo ndi umunthu, m'malo mwa mtundu uliwonse wa khalidwe, zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa cha ubongo.
Masomphenya ndi Kumva Mavuto
Ziphuphu zina za ubongo zingayambitse kusokoneza maonekedwe kapena kuvomereza kumene kuli kovuta kunyalanyaza. Mavuto ndi masomphenya angaphatikizepo kuwona magetsi akuwala, masomphenya awiri, kusuntha, ndi malo oyandama. Anthu ena sangazindikire kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya mpaka atakhala ndi mtundu wina wa ngozi. Kusokonezeka kwa auditory kungaphatikizepo kutaya kwa kumva kumbali imodzi ndikulira m'makutu . Pamene chotupa chimaphatikizapo ubongo kapena chifuwa chokwanira chimayambitsa kuyamwa kwa ubongo mu ubongo, wophunzira mbali imodzi ya thupi akhoza kuchepetsedwa. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chodzidzimutsa ngati tawonapo.
Kusintha kwa thupi
Munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi chotupa cha ubongo akhoza kukhala wofooka pambali imodzi ya thupi. Iye akhoza mwadzidzidzi kukhala wosokonezeka-kutayika muyeso wake, kuyenda mu makoma, kapena kupunthwa. Mchitidwe wosazolowereka ukhozanso kupezeka komanso kusinthasintha kumakhala kovuta. Kuvuta kumeza popanda chifukwa chomveka kungakhalenso chizindikiro.
Kusintha kwa Kulankhula
Kusuntha kwa mawu, kuluma, kapena kulankhula mochedwa kungathe kuchitika. Munthu amene ali ndi chotupa cha ubongo akhoza kukhala ndi vuto kupanga kapena kupeza mawu. Izi zingapite patsogolo kwa munthu kunena zinthu zopanda nzeru, ngakhale kuyesayesa bwino (expressive aphasia). Kuvomereza apassia, osati kumvetsa mawu omwe akulankhulidwa kwa iye, akhozanso kuchitika.
Chizungulire kapena Kutayika kwa Kusamala
Kutayika kwa kulingalira pamodzi ndi kusagwirizana kungakhale chizindikiro cha vuto la ubongo, makamaka m'munsi kumapeto kwa ubongo wotchedwa cerebellum. Munthu angakhalenso ndi mavuto ndi lingaliro lozama, kapena amamva ngati chipinda chikuzungulira.
Zizindikiro Zosadziwika
Zizindikiro zosafunika kwenikweni zimatha kuchitika, monga kutopa kwambiri, kutaya thupi, kusowa kwa njala, ndi mavuto ogona.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Kugonjetsa Ubongo mwa Ana
Ana akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi akuluakulu, koma zizindikiro za ziwalo za ubongo m'mabuku zingasiyana mosiyana. Mutu ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndipo chingadzutse mwana ku tulo. Mwana sangathe kufika pa zochitika zazikulu zomwe zaneneratu za msinkhu wake. Kusintha kwa khalidwe kumachitika, ndipo kachiwiri, chizindikiro chofunika ndi chakuti kusintha. Mwana wamkulu akhoza kukhala chete kapena mwana wamtendere angakhale wokweza. Mosiyana ndi akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri ana sazindikira kusintha komwe kumakhudzana ndi chotupa cha ubongo.
M'malo modandaulira mutu, iye akhoza kukhala wovuta kutonthoza. M'malo modandaula za kusintha kwa masomphenya, mukhoza kumuwona akutembenuzira mutu wake ngati kuti akufunikira kuwona chinachake, kapena akhoza kuvutika kuwerenga. Kuwombera kumachitika ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotheka.
Kwa ana, malo ofewa (fontanelle) angadziŵike kuti akuwombera, ndipo mwana angakhale ndi vuto ngati mutu wake wakhudzidwa.
Zizindikiro Zokhudzana ndi Kuphulika M'madera Ena a Ubongo
Zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chotupa m'madera ena a ubongo zimatchedwa "kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitsempha." Izi zikusiyana ndi kusintha kwasintha, monga mutu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwapopeni.
- Ziphuphu zowonongeka. Malo okongola ndi malo a ubongo komwe kuganiza ndi chiweruzo zimachitika. Ziphuphu m'madera amenewa zingayambitse nzeru zakuthupi komanso kusintha umunthu. Chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa mitsempha yowonjezereka, iwonso amachititsa kuti munthu asatenge fungo (anosmia). Kulankhula (kufotokoza apasia) kungakhalenso kovuta.
- Zidzakhala zosautsa. Zovala zamakono zimayankhula ndi kumva. Ziphuphu m'madera amenewa zingabweretseretu zinthu (kumva zinthu), kusamvetsetsa mawu (kuvometsa apasia), kuswa milomo, ndi masomphenya kusintha. Zizindikiro monga zochitika zopezeka pa deja, depersonalization, ndi kuona zinthu ngati zazikulu kapena zochepa kuposa momwe zingakhalire. Ziphuphu zonsezi ndi zotupa zazing'ono zimayambitsa kusintha kwa maganizo, monga kuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa.
- Matenda osokoneza bongo. Zovala zapamwamba pamwamba pa ubongo zingayambitse kusintha kumbali ina ya thupi. Mbali iyi ya ubongo ndi yofunikira kwambiri pakugwirizanitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo, ndipo zotupa zingayambitse mavuto ndi njira yolumikizira (ndi njira iti yomwe ili mmwamba?) Komanso kuzindikira (chinthu chomwe chili m'manja sichingazindikiridwe). Anthu omwe ali ndi chotupa m'dera lino akhoza kunyalanyaza mbali imodzi ya thupi lawo kapena kumva zowawa pokhapokha.
- Matenda a Occipital lobe. Lobes a occipital kumbuyo kwa ubongo amathandizidwa m'masomphenya. Zizindikiro zimasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe owonetsetsa (kumangoona "mbali yadziko lapansi), ku khungu (kutchulidwa khungu khungu ngati maso angakhale abwinobwino).
- Matenda a cerebellar. Mphuno ya m'munsi kumbuyo kwa ubongo imayesetsa kukhazikika ndi kugwirizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka thupi. Ziphuphu m'madera awa zingayambitse kusagwirizana, mofanana ndi maonekedwe a munthu woledzera (ndipo nthawizina anthu omwe ali ndi matumbo a ubongo akulakwitsa ngati kuti amadziwika kwambiri poyamba). Matendawa amachititsanso kuvutika ndi maluso abwino, monga kulemba kapena mano.
- Matenda a ubongo. Ubongo uli pamtunda pakati pa gawo lakumtunda kwa ubongo ndi thupi lonse, komanso umayendetsa ntchito zofunika monga kupuma ndi mtima. Ziphuphu m'madera amenewa zingayambitse kupweteka kapena kufooka kumbali yina ya thupi kuchokera ku chotupa, masomphenya awiri ndi ophunzira osagwirizana, chizungulire, maso a maso, ndi zizindikiro zina. Kutaya chidziwitso kungathenso kuchitika, ndi imfa ngati sichidziwika. Ziphuphu m'madera apamwamba a ubongo zingasokonezenso ubongo ngati zimayambitsa kupanikizika kwa mitsempha ya ubongo (kukankhira) mu ubongo.
- Ziphuphu zamatenda. Manyowa m'matumbo amatha kukhala ndi lactation (kupanga mkaka), kusintha kwa msambo, ndi kukula kwa manja ndi mapazi munthu wamkulu.
Zimene Muyenera Kuchita Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Mukhoza Kukhala ndi Matenda a Ubongo
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro izi zidzakhale chifukwa cha vuto linalake. Tsegulani zokhazokha kuti dokotala wanu athetsere mavuto anu mwamsanga, ndipo afotokozereni chifukwa chake akuyankhira mayesero alionse. Zizindikiro ndi njira ya thupi lathu lotidziwitsira chinachake cholakwika. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunika kupeza matenda osasamala kanthu.
Pansi pa Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Matenda a Ubongo
Zizindikiro zofala za zotupa za ubongo zimakhalanso zizindikiro za matenda ena ambiri. Izi zati, kupeza chotupa cha ubongo kumayambiriro kumachepetsa mwayi woti chiwonongeko chowonjezereka komanso kuti chitha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Mu ubongo, ngakhale zotupa zowononga zingakhale zoopsa, pamene zimachitika mu malo omwe ali pafupi ndi chigaza, ndipo kupanikizika kuchokera ku chotupa chokwanira kungawononge mbali zina za ubongo.
Pangani nthawi yoti muwone dokotala (kapena kuitanitsa 911 ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri) kaya mukukhulupirira kuti mungakhale ndi chotupa. Pali zifukwa zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro izi, ndipo zina mwazifukwa zina zimayankha bwino kuchipatala zikagwidwa mofulumira.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za ubongo wamkulu ndi msana Mimba. Kusinthidwa 11/06/17. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
> National Cancer Institute. Pulogalamu Yam'madzi Yamkati Pachipatala (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 01/31/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/adult-brain-treatment-pdq
> Dulani. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 10e. Np: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.